The subtyping of 350 isolates of HIV-1, isolated on the territories of 38 subjects of the Russian Federation, was carried out. The analysis was made by the method of the comparative heteroduplex mobility assay, as well as by the determination of the sequence of genes env [correction of ens] (gp 120) and gag (p17-p24). The study revealed that more than 50% of all cases of HIV-1 infection were caused by closely related variants of subtype A virus. The number of cases of HIV-1 infection caused by recombinant virus A/B was not less than 25%. The total number of cases caused by viruses of subtypes C, D, E, F and H was not more than 5%.

Base Sequence↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Recombinant human immunodeficiency viruses].

Three types of recombinant human immunodeficiency virus have been found to circulate in Russia. The first type of the virus belongs to genotype gagAenvB, the second type belongs to genotype gagDenvG and the third type, to genotype gagAenvE. The virus of genotype gagAenvB circUlates in the population of drug addicts simultaneously with its "parent" viruses of genotypes gagAenvA and gagBenvB. The recombinant variant gagDenvG has African origin. The recombinant variant gagAenvE has probably been imported to Russia from South-East Asia.

Genes, env↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Genetic characteristics of variants of human immunodeficiency virus type 1, causing an epidemic among substance abusers in Commonwealth of Independent States countries].

Gag/env nucleotide sequences of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) variants detected in drug users in Russia, Ukraine, and Belarus are analyzed. Two HIV-1 subtypes A and B circulate in this risk group. Genetic variability within one subtype is no higher than 3.1 and 3.9% for gag and env genes, respectively, suggesting the same source of infection in populations of drug users infected with the same subtype. Recombinant viruses with gagAenvB genotype, genetically related to parental strains of subtypes A and B, circulate in this risk group. This is the first report about HIV-1 recombinant of the two subtypes, for which both parental strains are known, directly confirming the in vivo recombination between different subtypes.

Commonwealth of Independent States↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Molecular-epidemiological characteristics of basic foci of the HIV epidemic among substance abusers in Russia].

A serological test has been developed, allowing a rapid and reliable differentiation between envA and envB genotypes in the sera from HIV-1-infected IDUs and their sexual partners. We analyzed 556 specimens from HIV-1-seropositive IDUs and their sexual partners. The sera were collected in five regions of Russia with the greatest number of HIV-1-infected IDUs. High homogeneity of HIV-1 in each of the regions was observed. In Tver, Rostov-on-Don, Nizhny Novgorod, and Krasnodar 100% sera tested belonged to the env subtype A. All the patients from the Kalinigrad region were infected with the env subtype B virus, which is apparently a recombinant.

Gene Products, env↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Epidemiological and genetical characteristics of first forty cases of HIV infection in Perm region].

The paper sums up molecular epidemiological data on all variants of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) isolated in the Perm region in August 1988-March 1998. A total of 24 foci (40 cases) of HIV infection were detected; 20 of these were imported from other regions (Russian Federation, Ukraine, Belarus, Bulgaria, Poland, Uzbekistan, Yugoslavia). In August 1988-September 1996 viruses of 3 env subtypes (B, D, and G) were isolated in the region, and the virus was mainly sexually transmitted. All cases of HIV infection recorded in September 1996-March 1998 were detected in intravenous drug users and subjects who had sexual intercourse with HIV-infected drug users. The same 3 variants of HIV-1 with genotypes gagAenvA, gagBenvB, and gagAenvB were isolated in the Perm region during this period as in other regions of Russia.

Female↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[A genetic analysis of variants of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) circulating among drug abusers in Moscow and Moscow Province].

The genetic analysis of the variants of human immunodeficiency virus of type 1 (HIV-1), circulating among drug addicts in Moscow and Moscow Province, has been carried out. The serological analysis of 122 blood specimens taken from HIV-infected drug addicts, residing in Moscow and 22 settlements of the Moscow region, has shown that in this region HIV-1 variant of subtype A spreads among drug addicts. These data have been confirmed by the results of the analysis of 44 specimens, made with the use of the method of the heteroduplex mobility assay for gene env. As revealed in this study, HIV-1 variants spreading at present among drug addicts in Moscow and the Moscow region are genetically related to viruses of subtype A, detected earlier in this group of risk in other regions of Russia, the Ukraine, Belarus and other countries of Eastern Europe.

Base Sequence↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Nucleotide sequence of gag and env genes of human immunodeficiency virus type 1, found in Russia: detection of new recombinant variants].

Phylogenetic analysis of nucleotide sequences of gag and env genes of type 1 human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) variants isolated from individuals infected through sexual intercourse or nosocomially (by injections with nonsterile syringes) showed that 5 of 27 (18.5%) isolated strains were recombinants. Two viruses found in the Russian Far East had gagAenvE genotype, three other recombinants had envG genotype; gag gene of one isolate belonged to subtype A and gag genes of two others belonged to subtype D. Detection of new recombinant variants in addition to the A/B recombinant described previously shows that these viruses can contribute to the HIV-1 genetic variability in Russia.

Female↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Analysis of gag gene subtypes of HIV-1 variants isolated in Russia by comparative assessment of heteroduplex electrophoretic mobility].

Using heteroduplex mobility assay modified for gag gene analysis (HMA-gag), 37 HIV-1 samples previously genotyped by gag and env nucleotide sequencing were studied. It has been demonstrated that both sensitivity and specificity of HMA-gag were 100%. The gag gene region derived from 20 env subtype A HIV-1 isolates was analyzed by this method. AG recombinant, representing a circulating recombinant form of HIV-1 (AGlbNG) was found among five HIV-1 strains isolated from patients infected through heterosexual contacts in Russia. No novel recombinant forms were found among fifteen HIV-1 variants infected from drug users in 7 cities of Russia. The proposed HMA-gag method extends the potentialities of investigating the genetic variability of HIV-1 and in combination with the previously proposed method for env gene is a convenient approach to search for recombinant forms of this virus.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Molecular and epidemiologic characteristics of HIV-infection outbreak in the Irkutsk region].

The genetic analysis of the variants of human immunodeficiency virus of type 1 (HIV-I) circulating among drug addicts in the Irkutsk region was carried out. The results of serological tests and comparative evaluation of electrophoretic mobility of heteroduplexes (HMA) revealed that all 74 samples under study belonged to subtype A. Genetic differences between these viruses did not exceed 2%. Thus, it was the variant of subtype A prevalent in CIS countries which caused the outbreak of HIV infection among drug addicts in the Irkutsk region, but not viruses of subtypes B, C or A/E typical for this risk group in relatively nearby China.

Disease Outbreaks↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Polymorphism of human genes and HIV infection].

Literature data on the possible interrelation between resistance to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection as well as rapidity of progressing of clinical manifestations of HIV infection and the presence of certain mutations in the human genome is discussed. Special attention is paid to the polymorphism of genes coding receptors of chemokines.

Disease Progression↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Anti-interferon activity of peripheral blood leukocytes in patients infected with HIV-1].

The study was aimed at anti-interferon activity of different components of the in vitro system cells MT-4--HIV-1 as well as the culture fluid of peripheral blood leukocytes from patients at different stages of HIV infection and from patients with mixed infection (HIV and chronic hepatitis C) in comparison with patients infected with hepatitis C virus alone and healthy persons. Anti-interferon activity was detected in all groups of patients, its detection rate varying within 33% and 68%. The tendency towards increased detection rate of anti-interferon activity in HIV-infected patients in parallel with decreased number of CD4+ lymphocytes was noted. These data made it possible to suggest that increased detection rate of anti-interferon activity in the culture fluid of peripheral blood leukocytes from HIV-infected patients in parallel with decreased number of CD4+ lymphocytes could result from pathogenetic processes in the body, leading to a decrease in therapy effectiveness of HIV-infected patients with the preparations of alpha-interferon, especially in patients with a low content of CD4+ cells.

Antiviral Agents↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[The HIV-infection outbreak in the town Lys'va (Perm region): homozygote genotype CCR5 delta32/CCR5 delta32 provides the high level of the persistence in the parenteral transmission of the virus].

Specific features of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) transmission among injecting drug users were studied on HIV infection outbreak in Lysva, the Perm region. During the period from November 1998 to March 2000, 32 injecting drug users infected with the subtype A HIV-1 variant originating from the same source, were found in this town. To understand the role of the CCR5 delta 32 mutation in parenteral transmission of HIV-1 the distribution of the mutant CCR5 delta 32 allele in HIV-infected and in non-infected but HIV-exposed drug users (n = 74) was analysed. The percentage of the homozygous CCR5 delta 32 genotype among HIV-exposed individuals (4/74, 5.4%) was significantly (p < 0.05) higher than the analogous rate for healthy blood donors in Russia (1/163, 0.6%). Thus, the homozygosity for this mutant allele confers a high resistance level to HIV even in parenteral transmission.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Effect of heroin-containing substances on the infectivity of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 in vitro].

At room temperature, HIV-1 IIIB is shown to remain infectious in a dose of 25 mg/ml of heroin solution for more than 8 days. The large batch of HIV-1-contaminated heroin solution may therefore remain infectious for a long period sufficient for transportation, packing, and sale in any area of Russia. At the same time 41-day incubation under the same conditions caused a complete loss of viral infectivity. Under certain conditions (the concentration of MT-4 cells being less than 2 x 105 cells/ml and the multiplicity of infection, less than 0.01 ID50/cell), heroin was demonstrated to be able to increase HIV-1 replication at the early stages of its life cycle. The findings should be borne in mind in elaborating measures to prevent the spread of HIV-1 among intravenous psychoactive drug users.

Cell Line↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Subtypes of human immunodeficiency virus 1:classification, the origin and circulation in Europe].

The modern classification of human immunodeficiency viruses of type 1 (HIV-1) is presented. The hypotheses concerning the origin of this virus are discussed. The data on the spread of the subtypes of HIV-1 in different countries of Western and Eastern Europe and in different risk groups are presented.

Europe↗