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Biomedical subjects

A F Hood

Publications and source records attributed to A F Hood.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

Cutaneous side effects of cancer chemotherapy.

Chemotherapeutic agents are used with increasing frequency to treat a wide variety of neoplastic and inflammatory disorders. These drugs may inadvertently affect the skin, mucous membranes, hair, and nails, producing many undesirable reactions including alopecia, stomatitis, hyperpigmentation, hypersensitivity reactions, and photosensitivity. Awareness of these relatively common complications may help physicians caring for patients on these medications.

Alopecia↗
PubMed1986

Photoageing: the role of UVB, solar-simulated UVB, visible and psoralen UVA radiation.

We have studied the morphological and histological effects of chronic exposure of two strains of haired mice (albino Balb/c and pigmented C3H-) to various types of radiation. UVB (280-320 nm) radiation from unfiltered sunlamp bulbs for 20 and 30 weeks produced marked epidermal acanthosis and dyskeratosis which was reversible in mice exposed for 20 weeks followed by a 20-week rest. In the dermis the elastic fibres were altered and in the pigmented mice these changes had almost completely reversed 29 weeks after cessation of exposure. Cellulose acetate-filtered sunlamp bulbs (greater than 289 nm) produced similar but less marked changes. Chronic exposure to UVA (320-400 nm) radiation produced minimal alterations in the dermis while the epidermis was normal. Visible (greater than 400 nm) radiation in large doses produced no degenerative changes. Methoxsalen/UVA radiation produced epidermal acanthosis, dermal sclerosis, and alteration of elastic fibres, which was prominent in both strains at 40 weeks. These findings suggest that the UVB component of sunlight is largely responsible for photoageing of the skin. Furthermore, chronic exposure to methoxsalen/UVA therapy is likely to potentiate solar-induced photoageing.

Aging↗
PubMed1986

Histopathologic findings in papulovesicular light eruption.

Papulovesicular light eruption (PVLE) is a distinct clinical and histological subset of polymorphous light eruption. Biopsies from 16 patients with PVLE showed prominent epidermal and dermal changes consisting of intercellular edema, papillary dermal edema and a perivascular and interstitial infiltrate in the upper dermis.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Congenital granular-cell neoplasms. An unusual case report with ultrastructural findings and a review of the literature.

Congenital granular-cell tumors are uncommon benign neoplasms of unknown cause that develop primarily in gingival tissue and usually do not recur after surgical excision. Untreated, these neoplasms either cease to grow or "spontaneously" regress after birth. In this report, we describe an unusual case of a child with several congenital granular-cell neoplasms that arose on the lips and continued to increase in size as the child grew. Histologic examination of the neoplasms revealed them to be composed of granular and mesenchymal cells associated with abundant collagen fibers and prominent vascular structures. Ultrastructural study disclosed typical granular cells and a preponderance of immature mesenchymal cells, some of which appeared to be transitional or early granular cells. We interpreted these findings to mean that primitive mesenchymal cells are the proliferative elements and precursors of granular cells in congenital granular-cell neoplasms. The presence of numerous immature mesenchymal cells corroborates the clinical impression that the lesions were growing. Based upon the histological and ultrastructural findings reported here, and a review of the literature, we favor a mesenchymal or endothelial-cell origin for congenital granular cell neoplasms.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1986

Possible mechanism of piroxicam-induced photosensitivity.

The therapeutic use of piroxicam as a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agent is associated with the development of photosensitivity in less than 1% of patients. The eruption usually occurs within a few days of commencing treatment with the medication. This time course suggests a phototoxic reaction. Attempts to demonstrate the phototoxic effects of piroxicam in humans, laboratory animals, and in in vitro cell assays were unsuccessful. At high concentration, however, one metabolite of piroxicam was phototoxic in animal studies and in in vitro assays. A second metabolite was mildly phototoxic in laboratory animals. These results suggest a mechanism whereby piroxicam photosensitivity may be due to a metabolite preferentially formed or accumulated in affected patients.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Fixed cutaneous sporotrichosis: unusual histopathology following intralesional corticosteroid administration.

The fixed cutaneous type of sporotrichosis is difficult to diagnose because clinical lesions are variable in appearance and the cells of Sporothrix schenckii are usually scarce in skin biopsy specimens. We have described two patients with lesions of fixed cutaneous sporotrichosis that resembled other inflammatory skin conditions and were treated with intralesional corticosteroids. Subsequent skin biopsies from these lesions demonstrated an unusually large number of yeast cells.

Adrenal Cortex Hormones↗
PubMed1985

Neuroectodermal neoplasms arising in congenital nevi.

Congenital giant nevi of neuroectodermal origin are composed predominantly of melanocytes and occasional neural elements. Neoplasms arising in such nevi may be morphologically heterogeneous with variable clinical behavior. We report the case of a female infant born with multiple pigmented nevi, including a giant hairy nevus of bathing trunk distribution in which arose a large pedunculated mass involving the sacral region, buttocks, perineum, and left thigh. Within this neoplasm, mixtures of neural crest-derived tissues having both melanocytic (nevus) cell and neural supportive (neuroid of Schwannian) cell differentiation were identified. The neural differentiation, which was seen in the dermis and subcutaneous tissue, had a neurofibromatous appearance and demonstrated multiple pseudomeissnerian corpuscles. In addition, at 16 months of age the child developed a malignant melanoma in the flank region of this congenital giant nevus. The morphologic pluripotentiality of the primitive neural crest derivatives in congenital nevi has only recently been elucidated. These lesions should be regarded as neuroectodermal neoplasms and subclassified according to their differentiating histologic characteristics because prognosis and management are influenced by morphologic determinants.

Buttocks↗
PubMed1985

Thiazide diuretic therapy and chronic photosensitivity.

Chronic photosensitivity associated with hydrochlorothiazide ingestion occurred in four patients. These patients developed a debilitating photosensitivity that persisted for months to years even after they stopped taking the diuretic. Their age range was 44 to 66 years. Phototesting with ultraviolet B (UV-B) and ultraviolet A (UV-A) radiation revealed decreased minimal erythemal doses for one or both wave bands in all patients tested. Histologic examination of skin biopsy specimens from the patients' UV-B and UV-A test sites and lesional skin revealed an acute eczematous dermatitis. Treatment with methoxsalen and UV-A radiation successfully cleared the photosensitive eruption in the patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Papulovesicular light eruption. A defined subset of polymorphous light eruption.

A distinctive photodermatitis is seen commonly in tourists visiting Hawaii. Analysis of 150 cases revealed that the eruption is acute in onset following exposure to sunlight, is confined to exposed areas, and mainly affects young to middle-aged white women. The clinical presentation is remarkably uniform, consisting of papules, papulovesicles, or vesicles. These findings are consistent with a diagnosis of polymorphous light eruption (PMLE) and the histologic picture supports this diagnosis. Other clinical variants of PMLE were not seen in our patients, however, which suggests that this condition is more monomorphous than polymorphous. We suggest papulovesicular light eruption as a suitable name for this common and distinctive subset of PMLE.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Inflammatory melanoma.

Cutaneous inflammatory metastatic carcinoma is a well-documented entity most frequently associated with carcinoma of the breast. We present two patients with extensive inflammatory involvement of the skin overlying dermal lymphatic invasion by metastatic melanoma. The dermal lymphatic invasion and gross characteristics are similar to those previously described in inflammatory carcinoma, suggesting that melanoma should be added to the list of tumors which may result in this condition. As in other cases of inflammatory carcinoma, the recognition of this entity is important with regard to both prognosis and therapy.

Aged↗
PubMed1983

Cutaneous complications of chemotherapeutic agents.

Increasing numbers of chemotherapeutic agents are being used to treat patients with cancer and various immunologically mediated and inflammatory disorders. Many of the drugs used have distinctive cutaneous side effects that range from relatively common ones, such as alopecia, stomatitis, and hyperpigmentation, to more unusual ones, such as radiation enhancement and recall phenomena, photosensitivity and hypersensitivity reactions, and phlebitis or chemical cellulitis. In addition, there are some rare complications such as diffuse sclerosis of the hands and feet, Raynaud's phenomenon, sterile folliculitis, and flushing reactions. By being aware of which drug may have caused a particular cutaneous reaction, dermatologists will be able to contribute to the care of patients with complex problems in a meaningful way.

Alkylating Agents↗
PubMed1982

Clinical conferences at The Johns Hopkins Hospital: Kaposi's sarcoma.

Kaposi's sarcoma is a multifocal neoplasm of the reticuloendothelial system which has generated great interest recently because of its association with immunosuppressive therapy and its occurrence within a group of homosexual men. Our case demonstrates a relationship between the discontinuation of immunosuppressive therapy and tumor regression in a renal transplant recipient. The clustering of cases in geographic areas and within ethnic groups implies that both heriditary and environmental factors contribute to the pathogenesis of this tumor. Recently described cases have occurred in a setting of multiple infections and concurrent impairment of cell mediated immunity. This suggests that Kaposi's sarcoma may be a model of chronic antigen stimulation leading to decreased immune responsiveness and subsequent unchecked growth of transformed cells.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Histopathologic diagnosis of pityriasis lichenoides et varioliformis acuta and its clinical correlation.

To assess the specificity of the histopathologic features in the diagnosis of pityriasis lichenoides et varioliformis acuta (PLEVA), we reviewed the clinical manifestations and courses of 42 patients for whom this diagnosis was suggested in the pathology report. The histologic diagnosis of PLEVA was clinically substantiated in 16 of these 42 cases. Of the 26 cases in which PLEVA was erroneously diagnosed histologically, the correct clinical diagnosis was suggested before biopsies were done in 21 instances. In the five remaining cases, both the prebiopsy clinical diagnosis and the pathologic diagnosis proved to be incorrect. Pityriasis rosea, insect bites, and eczematous dermatitis accounted for the majority of the cases that histologically mimicked PLEVA. The constellation of histologic findings described in PLEVA (presence of intraepidermal lymphocytes and erythrocytes, dermal hemorrhage, and so-called lymphocytic vasculitis) is not specific and may be seen in a variety of dermatologic disorders.

Biopsy↗
PubMed1981

Neonatal lupus erythematosus: new serologic findings.

A child with neonatal lupus was evaluated and found to possess serum anti Ro(SSA) antibodies. The cutaneous lesions and anti Ro(SSA) antibodies disappeared during the next 5 mo. The infant's mother was asymptomatic but possessed anti Ro(SSA) and anti La(SSB) antibodies.

Administration, Topical↗