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Biomedical subjects

A F Roy

Publications and source records attributed to A F Roy.

15 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1998

Experimental infection of domestic cats with Bartonella henselae by inoculation of Ctenocephalides felis (Siphonaptera: Pulicidae) feces.

Caged cat fleas, Ctenocephalides felis (Bouché), were fed on 6 cats; 3 cats were injected with 5 x 10(7) colony forming units of Bartonella henselae intradermally and 3 cats were injected with an equal volume of saline. After the fleas fed for 4 d, 5 groups of 50 B. henselae-exposed fleas were caged and allowed to feed on 5 cats for 6 d. Five cats each were injected intradermally with 1 ml of saline containing 45 mg of feces from B. henselae-exposed fleas. Five cats were fed 50 B. henselae-exposed fleas and 45 mg of fresh feces from B. henselae-exposed fleas. Five cats received all 3 treatments by using fleas and feces collected from cats inoculated with saline (controls). Cats were bled weekly and tested by culture and serology. The cats that were injected with feces from infected fleas were positive by culture for B. henselae at 1 or 2 wk after exposure and were the only cats to become bacteremic or seropositive by week 20.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Acute pneumonia in a Syrian hamster: isolation of a Corynebacterium species.

A respiratory tract illness was detected in a 1-year-old male Syrian hamster; after it failed to respond to antibiotic therapy, the hamster was euthanized by CO2 administration. Postmortem examination revealed acute edematous pneumonia, and Corynebacterium paulometabulum was isolated from the lungs.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1994

Comparison of single-dose cefotetan and multidose cefoxitin as intravenous prophylaxis in elective, open biliary tract surgery: a multicentre, double-blind, randomized study.

OBJECTIVE: To compare the safety, tolerance and prophylactic effectiveness of a single 2-g dose of cefotetan with a standard prophylactic regimen of cefoxitin in reducing the incidence of postoperative infections after elective, open biliary tract surgery. DESIGN: Multicentre, double-blind, randomized comparative study with a 4-week follow-up. SETTING: Five Canadian university centres. PARTICIPANTS: One hundred and eleven patients scheduled to undergo elective, open biliary tract surgery. INTERVENTIONS: The patients were randomly assigned to receive either cefotetan or cefoxitin in a ratio of 2:1; 76 patients received cefotetan and 35 received cefoxitin. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Wound infection as defined by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and by clinical evaluation, adverse events and laboratory parameters. RESULTS: Two incisional wound infections were reported by patients in the cefotetan group, for an overall infection rate of 1.8% (2 of 111). No significant differences were found in the failure rate or in any other indicator of efficacy. The incidence of adverse events for cefotetan (12.6%) was not statistically different from that for cefoxitin (10.4%), and none of the 16 adverse events in the cefotetan group and 5 in the cefoxitin group was serious or severe. Only one event (rash) was possibly related to the study drugs. Several hematologic and biochemical parameters were found to be normal preoperatively and abnormal postoperatively, but no relation was found between these variations and the study drugs. These changes were mainly attributable to the operation. CONCLUSION: Cefotetan was found to be effective and comparable to cefoxitin, both in safety and in reducing the incidence of infection after elective, open biliary tract surgery.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Bile duct injury during laparoscopic cholecystectomy.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the nature of bile duct injuries during laparoscopic cholecystectomy, the treatment of these injuries and patient outcome. DESIGN: Case series review. SETTING: Two tertiary care hospitals. PATIENTS: Twenty-one patients (average age 37 years) who sustained bile duct injuries during laparoscopic cholecystectomy over a 2-year period. Two groups were analysed: patients whose injury was recognized intraoperatively (9 patients) and patients in whom it was diagnosed postoperatively (12 patients). INTERVENTIONS: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy, duct-to-duct repair over a T tube, Roux-en-Y hepaticojejunostomy, endoscopic cholangiopancreatography (ERCP), percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography (PTC). RESULTS: Misidentification of the common duct during laparoscopic cholecystectomy, resulting in accidental division or resection of a portion of the duct, and obstruction of the duct by hemoclips were the most common types of injury. Pain, jaundice and bile collections were the typical presenting features of injuries that became evident after laparoscopic cholecystectomy. ERCP and PTC accurately defined the injuries. Immediate duct-to-duct repair over a T tube was associated with a high failure rate. Twenty of the 21 patients required Roux-en-Y hepaticojejunostomy for definitive treatment. There were no deaths. CONCLUSIONS: Proper identification of the pertinent anatomy will prevent the majority of these injuries. Prompt radiographic visualization of the biliary tract is indicated in patients who have pain, jaundice and bile collections postoperatively. A hepaticojejunostomy is the procedure of choice for repair of these bile duct injuries.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Temporal study of staphylococcal species on healthy dogs.

During a 1-year period, specimens were obtained monthly from 5 hair coat and 7 mucous membrane sites of 11 healthy dogs. Among 804 isolates of staphylococci, 13 species were identified. Staphylococcus intermedius was the most frequently isolated (40.2% of total isolates) coagulase-positive species, and S xylosus was the most frequently isolated (17.3%) coagulase-negative species. Moreover, S intermedius was the most frequently isolated species from the 12 sites evaluated and was isolated persistently from 8 of the 9 dogs that completed the 1-year study. On the basis of a commercial identification system, 14 profile numbers were identified for isolates of S intermedius. However, 2 profile numbers accounted for a majority (70.9%) of the isolates. Specific S intermedius biotypes identified on the basis of hemolysis, coagulase production, beta-lactamase activity, and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns were found repeatedly in 3 dogs. Seemingly, S intermedius was a resident of the normal bacterial microflora of these dogs; however, the inability to isolate S intermedius from 1 dog during the study year indicated that not all dogs harbor S intermedius as a resident microorganism.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Brucella suis biotype 1 infection in a dog.

Brucella suis biotype 1 was isolated from the semen of a dog with hindlimb weakness and a large, firm, left epididymis. A semen sample was oligospermic, with many neutrophils, the numbers of which decreased in serial sampling. A card agglutination test for B abortus and a rapid slide agglutination test for B canis were positive. The modified 2-mercaptoethanol slide agglutination test for B canis and the agar gel immunodiffusion test, using B canis cell wall antigen, were negative. At necropsy, chronic granulomatous inflammation was found in, and B suis biotype 1 was isolated from, the left epididymis and prostate gland.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Comparison of single-dose and conventional trimethoprim-sulfadiazine therapy in experimental Staphylococcus intermedius cystitis in the female dog.

Cystitis was produced in 4 groups of 6 female dogs each, using salicylic acid, ethanol, and Staphylococcus intermedius. Group-I dogs served as nontreated controls. Starting 2 days after infection was induced, group-II dogs were treated with trimethoprim-sulfadiazine at a dosage of 15 mg/kg given orally 2 times a day for 21 days; groups-III and -IV dogs were treated with single oral dosages of the antibiotic at 60 mg/kg and 90 mg/kg, respectively. Group-I dogs (controls) remained infected for the 26-day duration of the study. The response to therapy seen in group-II dogs was better than the therapeutic responses in groups-III and -IV dogs (P less than 0.05). Results of the present study do not support the efficacy of single-dose therapy for this model of cystitis.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1985

Detection of beta-lactamase produced by Staphylococcus intermedius.

One iodometric, 2 chromogenic, and 3 acidometric methods were compared for the detection of beta-lactamase produced by Staphylococcus intermedius (n = 105) isolated from dogs. Of 575 tests performed, using the 6 methods evaluated, 316 (55.0%) were positive for beta-lactamase production. The iodometric method was the reference method. With the exception of a high correlation (r = 0.962) between 1 acidometric method and 1 chromogenic method, the 5 commercial methods had correlation coefficients less than 0.900 when comparisons were made among them. The 6 methods were in agreement for 69 (65.7%) of the isolates. Based on the findings of this study, an inexpensive, laboratory-prepared, paper strip iodometric method was as reliable as 5 commercial methods for beta-lactamase detection and is recommended for routine use in clinical laboratories.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Comparative evaluation of a commercial microdilution method and a conventional disk diffusion method for determination of antibiograms of gram-positive cocci.

A commercial broth microdilution system for testing the antimicrobial susceptibility of gram-positive cocci was compared with the standardized disk agar-diffusion method by testing 254 clinical strains of staphylococci and streptococci using both methods. A total of 2,794 parallel determinations were made with 92.3% complete agreement between the 2 methods; of the discrepancies encountered, 3.0% were minor, 2.5% were major, and 2.1% were very major. The results indicate that the commercial microdilution system may provide a reliable quantitative method for antimicrobial susceptibility testing of clinical isolates from animals.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1985

Comparison of coagulase test methods for identification of Staphylococcus intermedius from dogs.

Staphylococcus intermedius isolates from dogs were tested for coagulase activity by 6 commercial methods and by conventional methods, using rabbit and dog plasma. When compared with the conventional tube method using rabbit plasma, none of the 6 commercial methods was suitable for identification of S intermedius, although the 6 tests performed well using strains of S aureus. Use of rabbit plasma identified more S intermedius isolates than did use of dog plasma.

Agglutination Tests↗
PubMed1985

Distribution of staphylococcal species on clinically healthy cats.

Among 827 isolates derived from 113 clinically healthy cats, 12 species of staphylococci were identified. Staphylococci were isolated from each cat and from 54.9% of the anatomic sites evaluated. A mode of 6 (range = 2 to 11) of the 11 anatomic sites evaluated per cat yielded staphylococci. A mode of 8 (range = 2 to 12) isolates were found per cat. Staphylococcus simulans was the most isolated (43.9% of total) coagulase-negative species. Moreover, S simulans was the most isolated species from each of the 11 sites evaluated and, except for the mouth and haircoat, comprised greater than 50% of the isolates from each site. Staphylococcus intermedius was the most isolated (13.5% of the total) coagulase-positive species. Three other species (S epidermidis, S xylosus, and S aureus) comprised 32.2% of the isolates, and 7 species (S haemolyticus, S hominis, S hyicus, S capitis, S warneri, and S saprophyticus) comprised 10.4% of the isolates. Six species (S intermedius [96 of 112 isolates], S haemolyticus [20 of 22], S sciuri [17 of 18], S warneri [10 of 13], S hyicus [10 of 10], and S capitis [7 of 8]) were isolated primarily from household cats. Only 1 species, S xylosus (75 of 87), was isolated primarily from cattery cats. Haircoat specimens (n = 452) yielded 508 isolates (61.4% of the total) distributed among all 12 staphylococcal species and included greater than 50% of the isolates of all species other than S simulans and S sciuri. A more heterogeneous population of staphylococci was isolated from household cats than was isolated from cattery cats.

Anal Canal↗
PubMed1984

Effect of beta-lactamase of Staphylococcus intermedius on disk agar diffusion susceptibility tests.

Clinical strains of canine Staphylococcus intermedius (n = 120) were tested for susceptibility to beta-lactam antimicrobics (n = 6) by the standardized disk agar diffusion method and for beta-lactamase (BL) production. Significant differences between susceptibilities for BL producing (n = 68) and non-producing (n = 52) strains were found for penicillin G and ampicillin. Zone sizes of BL producing strains were significantly smaller than those of non-producers for penicillin G, ampicillin, cephalothin, carbenicillin and amoxicillin-clavulanic acid but not for methicillin. However, all strains were sensitive to cephalothin and amoxicillin-clavulanic acid; only one strain was resistant to methicillin; and one strain was intermediate in susceptibility to carbenicillin. Although 62 (52%) strains were sensitive to penicillin G and ampicillin based on established zone size interpretive criteria, 15 (24%) of these strains produced BL. Zone size measurements obtained with beta-lactam antimicrobics that are highly susceptible to inactivation by BL are not reliable and should be disregarded for canine S. intermedius which produce BL.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Species of Staphylococcus isolated from animal infections.

One hundred randomly selected clinical strains of staphylococci were identified by species using a commercial micromethod system. Eight species of staphylococci were identified. Staphylococcus intermedius was the most frequent (n = 74) species identified and accounted for 70/74 (94.6%) of the coagulase-positive strains and 70/79 (88.6%) of the total isolates from dogs. Other species identified, in order of their frequency, included S. epidermidis (8), S. aureus (7), S. simulans (4), S. sciuri (2), S. xylosus (2), S. hyicus (2) and S. saprophyticus (1). These results show that at least 8 different species of staphylococci can be recovered from animal infections and that coagulase-positive species such as S. intermedius may be more common than S. aureus. The relative significance of these other species in animal infections needs to be assessed.

Animal Diseases↗
PubMed1984

Antimicrobial susceptibility of coagulase-positive staphylococci isolated from Louisiana dogs.

Disk diffusion susceptibility tests were done on 1,178 clinical strains of coagulase-positive staphylococci (CPS) isolated from dogs during a 7-year period. Relative decreases of 7% to 33% were found in the percentages of CPS sensitive to 8 antimicrobics. Relative percentages of CPS sensitive to 9 other antimicrobics were increased or decreased less than 5%. Sensitivity to the beta-lactam antibiotics showed the least relative change. Regression analysis demonstrated that the greatest change in percentage sensitivity of CPS occurred to gentamicin and cephalothin and the least change occurred to penicillin and ampicillin. Recent canine clinical isolates of CPS, specifically identified as Staphylococcus intermedius (n = 109), were uniformly sensitive to novobiocin, amikacin, tobramycin, spectinomycin, and amoxicillin-clavulanic acid. Twenty-two isolates were also sensitive to 17 other antimicrobics. Eighty-seven isolates were resistant to 1 or more antimicrobics tested. Resistance was most common to sulfonamides, penicillin G, ampicillin, tetracycline, and streptomycin. Differences in susceptibility results between S intermedius and unspecified CPS were not statistically significant.

Animals↗