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Biomedical subjects

A Fabiyi

Publications and source records attributed to A Fabiyi.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1979

Schistosomiasis: assessment of the sensitivity, specificity and reproducibility of serological methods for the diagnosis of schistosomiasis in Nigeria.

Three groups of sera were tested by indirect fluorescent antibody (IFA), complement fixation (CF) and counter-current immunoelectrophoresis (CCIE) techniques; 56 (10.1%) of 554 sera from Nigerians were anticomplementary and so could not be tested by the CF. Crude antigen extract of adult Schistosoma mansoni was used in the CF and CCIE tests and cercarial antigen in the IFA test. IFA was the most sensitive test and CF the most specific. The reproducibility of both these tests was good. The CCIE was the least sensitive and specific, and its reproducibility was poor. The IFA test was the most suitable for Nigerian conditions. Cross-reactions to S. haematobium antibodies were consistently present in all three tests and it was not possible to differentiate serologically S. mansoni from S. haemotobium. The interpretations of the results presented some difficulties because of the frequency of cross-reactions and false-positives, but the data fell within the infection prevalence rate of 50% reported earlier from south-western Nigeria. The IFA test was more specific and is considered ideal for serodiagnosis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Coxsackie B viruses and heart muscle disease in Nigerian adults.

In 44 Nigerians with heart muscle disease, the percentage of patients who had a fourfold rise or fall to at least one of the Coxsackie B viruses was greater than controls. Patients with heart muscle disease also had significantly higher levels of antibody titres. Antibodies to Coxsackie viruses B2, B3 and B6 were more frequent in their sera than in controls. While these results do not prove a Coxsackie B viral aetiology it is concluded that these viruses could be the cause of cardiac damage and heart failure in some Nigerians. It could also be one of the many adverse factors which produce repeated myocardial damage and thus weaken the heart to the point of failure.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

The multiplication of Dugbe virus in the Ixodid tick, Hyalomma rufipes Koch, after experimental infection.

Nymphs and adults of H. rufipes were inoculated intracoelomically with a Dugbe virus concentration containing 1.5 LD50/0.02 ml. The virus multiplied to a peak titre of 9.3 log10 +/- 0.03 in nymphs and 4.4 log10 +/- 0.02 in the unfed adults. Virus infection persisted during metamorphosis and was passed on to the adults. A blood meal significantly increased the titre of virus in the adults at a probability less than 0.001. Also the tire in the engorged females was significantly higher than that in the fed males at a probability less than 0.05. Dugbe virus persisted for a long time in the unfed adults and a titre of 2.4 log10 +/- 0.06 was obtained in 165 day old adults.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Kinetic haemagglutination inhibition technique as a means of detecting antigenic variations among strains of Nigerian flaviviruses.

Seven isolates of West Nile virus and an additional isolate tentatively identified at the outset as West Nile virus, were compared by Casals' modified haemagglutination inhibition technique. Two of the isolates were nearly identical; a second set of five isolates cross-reacted among themselves within a wide range and differed from the first two; the last isolate was significantly different from the others.

Antigens, Viral↗
PubMed1978

The application and limitations of immunodiagnostic techniques in parasitic infections.

The application of immunodiagnostic techniques in the diagnosis of parasitic infections has been discussed in relation to the conditions operating in developing countries where multiple parasitism is common and diagnostic facilities are often limited. The uses and limitations of the tests for individual diagnosis and epidemiological studies have been highlighted. The filter-paper plasma modification of the IFA test has been identified as a technique that has an advantage over all the others and could be universally used with great success in many developing countries.

Antigens↗
PubMed1978

Cellular changes in tissues of newborn mice infected with Mokola virus: ultrastructural and biochemical changes.

Cellular and biochemical changes which occurred in the tissues of newborn mice infected with Mokola virus, a rabies-related virus (rhabdovirus group), were described. The virus was transmitted along the peripheral nerves and appeared in various tissues of the body, but did not replicate in any except the nervous system, where it manifested its gross effects. While Mokola virus increased the synthesis of glycogen and total protein in infected brain, liver, lung, spleen and heart, it reduced the activity of monoamine oxidase in the brain. Virus multiplication occurred in the normal rough endoplasmic reticulum. During virus reproduction the membranes of the endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi complex and mitochondria were destroyed and replaced by a viral matrix. Virus maturation also occurred within the rough endoplasmic reticulum.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Sero-epidemiology of type--2 (genital) herpes simplex virus infection in Ibadan.

Herpes Type 1 (HT-1) virus infection is prevalent in Ibadan, Nigeria. In a study to determine the prevalence of Herpes Type-2 (HT-2) virus infection in this environment by the complement fixation (CF) test, it was shown that antibodies to the virus were not found below the age of 14 years, after which there was a gradual rise from the 16-25-year age group to a peak in the 26-35-year age group. It was suggested that the pattern of distribution of HT-2 antibodies is compatible with the sexual habits of the different age groups, and is in support of the venereal mode of transmission of the virus.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Distribution of rubella antibodies in Nigeria.

A total of 1,847 serum samples obtained from human subjects in various areas of Nigeria (North, East and West) were tested for the presence of rubella haemagglutination inhibition antibodies. The results showed that an average of 68% of the Nigerian population studied possessed rubella antibody.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1977

Dengue virus infections in Nigeria: a survey for antibodies in monkeys and humans.

A retrospective serological survey for dengue immunity was conducted in Nigeria to determine the prevalence of infection in man and non-human primates. Preliminary haemagglutination-inhibition (HI) tests revealed that 63% of persons tested had HI antibodies against one or more of the following flaviviruses: dengue type 1, yellow fever, West Nile and Wesselsbron. Parallel HI and neutralization (N) tests on 179 human sera showed that six of 20 sera (30%) negative for flavivirus HI antibody contained dengue N antibody. This finding emphasized the advantage of the N test over HI in screening for dengue virus immunity. Neutralization tests performed on 1,816 human sera from different geographical locations in Nigeria showed that 45% of Nigerians were immune to dengue type 2 virus. The percentage of immunity in adults aged 20 years and older (51%) was significantly higher than in children (37%) (P less than 0-01). In all four ecological zones sampled, the highest percentage of dengue N antibody was observed in the derived Savannah zone (63%) followed by the rain forest zone (42%). The Southern Guinea savannah and plateau zones had lower percentages of dengue-immune persons. There was a higher prevalence of antibodies in urban (48%) than in rural communities (37%). Tests on dengue-immune sera showed that 35% of such sera contained N antibodies to dengue only or to dengue and one other virus. Therefore, dengue immunity cannot be explained by heterologous cross reactions within the flavivirus group. In addition, evidence of dengue infection was found in monkeys and galagos. 48% of monkeys and 25% of galagos contained dengue N antibody. The presence of specific dengue N antibodies in a few sera suggests that the occurrence of a forest cycle of dengue is possible in Nigeria.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Susceptibility of laboratory and domestic animals to experimental infection with Orungo virus.

Laboratory and domestic animals: mice, hamsters, rabbits, sparrows, chickens and lambs were inoculated with Orungo virus to determine their susceptibility as evidenced by clinical response, viraemia and antibody development. Mice and hamsters circulated the virus and developed neutralising antibodies; clinical signs of disease included ruffled hair coat, hypersensitivity to sudden noise and hindleg paralysis. There was an age-related susceptibility to infection in these two animals. Rabbits and lambs developed neutralising antibody but not viraemia, nor did they show signs of illness. Sparrows and chickens neither circulated the virus, nor developed neutralising antibodies to Orungo virus.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Biological characteristic of Nigerian strains of West Nile virus in mice and cell cultures.

The biological characteristic in mice and cell cultures of 7 strains of West Nile (WN) virus isolated in Nigeria were studied. The pattern of virus development in most organs of mice infected with two of the seven strains tested was identical, while it varied with the remaining five strains. All 7 strains of WN virus multiplied with a cytopathic effect (CPE) in the four cell cultures examined.

Animals↗