Distribution of cholecystokinin-like immunoreactivity in the nervous system. Co-existence with classical neurotransmitters and other neuropeptides.
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Animals↗
Biomedical subjects
A Faden
Publications and source records attributed to A Faden.
Naloxone in stroke.
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Cerebrovascular Disorders↗
Failure of naloxone or beta-endorphin to affect pressure-induced tremor in guinea pig.
Naloxone in doses up to 2 mg/kg and beta-endorphin in doses up to 1 mg/kg had no suppressive effect on pressure-induced tremor or cortical EEG activity in the guinea pig. The lack of effect of either naloxone or beta-endorphin on the HPNS provides evidence that opiate receptor mechanisms are not significantly involved in this syndrome.
Animals↗
Subclinical neuropathy associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: possible pathophysiologic role of smoking.
Twenty of 23 patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) showed electrophysiologic evidence of peripheral nerve dysfunction. Abnormalities of sensory nerve conduction were most common, affecting the sural nerve (20 subjects), ulnar nerve (11), radial nerve (eight), and median nerve (seven). Six subjects had impairment of both sensory and motor nerve function, with the common peroneal being the most frequently affected motor nerve. Clinical signs of neuropathy were found in four patients. Cigarette smoking, expressed as pack-years, was correlated significantly with the electrophysiologic abnormalities. These findings indicate that subclinical polyneuropathy commonly occurs in association with COPD and that this COPD-related neuropathy is correlated with cigarette consumption. From these data we suggest that a substance or substances in cigarette smoke, such as nicotine, taken on a long-term basis, may be toxic to peripheral nerves.
Adult↗
An intraspinal sympathetic preganglionic pathway: physiologic evidence in the cat.
Electrical stimulation of the zona intermedia of the lower thoracic/upper lumbar cat spinal cord resulted in increases of heart rate (HR), blood pressure (BP) and cardiac contractility (dp/dt). Sites of maximal cardiovascular response (SMCR) were localized histologically to the intermediolateral nucleus (ILN). The inotropic and chronotropic responses were abolished by spinal cord transection or hemisection two to three segments rostral to the site of stimulation. Discrete electrolytic lesions in the white matter adjacent to the ILN were also shown to markedly decrease or abolish the chronotropic and inotropic responses elicited by stimulation of a more caudal SMCR. Longitudinal spinal section resulted in decreased cardiovascular responses from an SMCR; these changes were larger on the left side and greatest for BP as compared to HR and dp/dt. These findings indicate the existence of an ascending intraspinal cardiovascular pathway located in the deep white matter adjacent to the ILN. They further suggest that this is the intraspinal sympathetic preganglionic pathway recently described anatomically.
Animals↗
Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis.
A 17-year-old white woman had an acute left maculopathy of unknown etiology. She was in excellent health and had only had rubeola at 3 years of age. Hruby lens examination of the left eye, visual acuity of 6/60 (20/200), revealed a normal vitreous, macular edema, intraretinal hemorrhage, and cotton-wool exudates. Xenon photo-coagulation was performed on the left eye. The visual acuity remained 6/60 (20/200) with drying of the retina. The patient remained in excellent health until 22 months after the initial ocular problem when she developed a left homonymous hemianopia. Then her mind deteriorated, and she became demented. We diagnosed subacute sclerosing panencephalitis after finding an increased spinal fluid gamma globulin, raised serum and spinal fluid titers of measles antibodies, and an electroencephalogram pathognomonic for this condition.
Adolescent↗
Persistently abnormal brain scintigraphy after cerebral infarction.
The current literature indicates nuclear brain images typically return to normal within two to three months following an episode of cerebral infarction. In this report, two patients are described who demonstrated no significant change in their brain scan abnormalities 11 and 17 months following their strokes. Computed tomography confirmed the clinical impression that the persistent brain scan abnormalities were due to cerebral infarction rather than to neoplastic process.
Aged↗
False belief and the refusal of medical treatment.
May a doctor treat a patient, despite that patient's refusal, when in his professional opinion treatment is necessary? This is the dilemma which must from time to time confront most physicians. An examination of the validity of such a refusal is provided by the present authors who use the case history of a patient refusing treatment, for cancer as well as for a fractured hip, to evaluate the grounds for intervention in such circumstances. In such a situation the patient is said to have a 'false belief' and it is the doctor's duty to try to change that belief in the patient's interest. The false belief is considered here in terms of the liberty principle, the patient's mental competence and on what is called the 'harm principle' (harm to other individuals or to society). Finally the concept of paternalism is examined. The authors conclude that the doctor must attempt to change a false belief, and if this fails he must examine the patient's mental competence to make the decision to refuse treatment. But in the last analysis the doctor may be under an obligation to respect the patient's refusal. Readers might like to look at (or read again) the papers on 'Liberty' and 'Conscience' published in this Journal under the heading Analysis.
Attitude to Health↗
Encephalopathy following treatment of chronic pulmonary failure.
An encephalopathy may occur following treatment of chronic pulmonary failure and is manifested by multifocal seizures, mild focal motor signs, and coma. The encephalopathy seems to be a multifactorial illness resulting from cerebral ischemica and hypoxia. The more important factors appear to be cerebral alkalosis, administration of aminophyline, and associated hypotension.
Aged↗
Electroencephalographic changes following intraamniotic prostaglandin F2 alpha administration for therapeutic abortion.
Electroencephalograms were obtained on 43 patients undergoing therapeutic second trimester abortion using intraamniotic prostaglandin F2alpha. Recordings were made before and 4 hours after prostaglandin administration, as well as 4 hours after the abortion. At 4 hours after prostaglandin administration, 30% of the women had abnormal tracings, while 50% of the women had abnormal recordings 4 hours postabortion. Although the changes consisted primarily of mild generalized or lateralized slowing, 4 patients developed paroxysmal activity not initially present. This finding would seem to suggest a potential relationship between PGF2alpha administration and clinical seizures.
Abortion, Therapeutic↗
Neurological sequelae of malignant external otitis.
The neurological sequelae of malignant external otitis (MEO) form a characteristic syndrome. Following Pseudomonas external otitis, usually in an elderly, diabetic patient, either isolated facial nerve paralysis or multiple cranial nerve palsies develop. Once extensive neurological signs have developed, recovery rarely occurs. We saw a patient with MEO and multiple cranial nerve palsies who recovered following an extended course of gentamicin sulfate and carbenicillin disodium therapy.
Abducens Nerve↗
Evidence for an involvement of mu-, but not delta- or kappa-opiate receptors in sympathetically and parasympathetically mediated cardiovascular responses to opiates upon anterior hypothalamic injection.
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Animals↗