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Biomedical subjects

A Fasth

Publications and source records attributed to A Fasth.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

Primary immunodeficiency disorders in Sweden: cases among children, 1974-1979.

A nationwide survey of symptomatic primary immunodeficiency disorders in children in Sweden during the 6-year period 1974-1979 resulted in 201 reported cases. The reported data for 174 children were analyzed. Antibody deficiencies were the most frequent (45.0%), followed by phagocytic disorders (22.0%) and combined T- and B-cell disorders (20.8%). Thirty-two children (18.4%) died, with the highest mortality for combined T- and B-cell defects. The sex ratio for all disorders was 2:1 for boys:girls. Neutropenia was significantly more common in the northern part of Sweden.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed1981

Antibodies to Tamm-Horsfall protein associated with renal damage and urinary tract infections in adults.

Forty-seven adults with urinary tract infection (UTI), 9 with recent acute pyelonephritis and 38 with previous renal infection, were investigated for the presence of autoantibodies to Tamm-Horsfall protein (THP). All patients except 6 had or had had vesicoureteric reflux (VUR). In patients with recent acute pyelonephritis, only IgA antibodies were significantly elevated. Among the patients with previous UTI, more than 6 months before the time of testing, a graded response was found for IgG and IgM specific antibodies, with the lowest value in those with renal damage and elevated serum creatinine and the highest in those with a normal X-ray. A negative correlation was found between IgG antibodies to THP and elevated serum creatinine (r = -0.76, P less than 0.02). No significant correlation was found between VUR itself and antibodies to THP. A low IgG antibody level to THP in patients with a history of previous UTI seems to be a useful indicator of renal scarring. Possible immunologic mechanisms behind the low antibody level and the renal damage are discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Children of female renal transplant recipients.

Results of follow-up of 5 children, aged 4.5-9 years, who were born to kidney transplanted mothers are presented. Various immunological parameters were mainly within normal limits with the possible exception of 1 child who exhibited a granulocytopenia which normalized at about 5 years of age. Three children whose mothers were carriers of HBsAg during and after pregnancy have become antigen carriers and show slightly elevated levels of liver transferases. One child has a cardiac anomaly and signs of slight neurological dysfunction. In other respects the children are well and show normal psychomotor and somatic development. The rather sparse information from the literature regarding this group of children indicates a surprisingly low frequency of severe physical complications.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Hapten and kidney antibodies in serum from children with urinary tract infection.

The presence of antibodies against the synthetic hapten dinitrophenol (DNP) was investigated in sera from healthy children and adults. Such antibodies were found in all sera. The serum levels were significantly lower in healthy children than in adults. Serum samples from a pilot group of pediatric patients with acute E. coli urinary tract infection (UTI) contained significantly higher DNP antibody levels compared to healthy children and similar to those of the adults. Furthermore, 10 of 17 patients had a significant change in antibody levels in connection with the infection as judged from consecutive serum samples. Relations were found between age and minimum as well as maximum serum DNP antibody values. In a second group of children with E coli urinary tract infection beside DNP antibodies, antibodies against the Tamm-Horsfall urinary protein and a pool of O antigens from E. coli common in urinary tract infections were also investigated. In these patients similar findings as for the pilot group were made for the levels of the DNP antibodies. An IgG but not IgM antibody response to the Tamm-Horsfall protein was also found in sera from all the patients over 1 year with acute pyelonephritis. The highest antibody levels against Tamm-Horsfall protein were noted in patients with vesico-ureteric reflux. No relation could be recorded between the DNP antibodies and the Tamm-Horsfall protein antibodies. The antibodies to the pool of O antigens recorded did not correlate to the DNP antibodies. It was concluded that the DNP antibody formation could partly be due to polyclonally stimulatory activities of bacterial substances exposed during infections.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Immunodeficiency in children with special reference to skin symptoms.

Immunodeficiency disorders are rare. The prevalence among Swedish children has been estimated to be 25 symptomatic cases per million during a 5-year period. A review of different immunodeficiency syndromes is presented, with special emphasis on those with skin symptoms. The specific treatment with immunological reconstitution by transplantation of bone marrow or cultured thymus fragments or fetal organs and immunoglobulin substitution, and the general care of the patients with, for example, antibiotics and physiotherapy are discussed. The need for an increased awareness of the existence of this patient group and its special problems is stressed, as the diagnosis is often delayed, allowing unnecessary secondary damage to develop.

Antibody Formation↗
PubMed1980

Autoantibodies to Tamm-Horsfall protein in patients with cystic fibrosis.

Sera from 35 patients, 17 boys and 18 girls, with cystic fibrosis were analysed for autoantibodies to the Tamm-Horsfall protein. Significantly (p less than 0.001) elevated levels of specific IgG and IgA, but not IgM antibodies to Tamm-Horsfall protein were found. There was a considerable overlap between the values in the disease group and the control group. The highest values were found among the patients with liver involvement. The patients with marked lung abnormalities as well as those with positive bacterial culture of sputum had normal antibody levels.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Autoantibodies to Tamm-Horsfall glycoprotein in children with renal damage associated with urinary tract infections.

Autoantibodies to the Tamm-Horsfall (TH) protein were analyzed in sera from 116 patients with pyelonephritis. The increases in antibody levels were limited in 23 patients with radiological detected renal damage during 31 attacks of acute pyelonephritis. 8 children with abnormally low total and/or unilateral 51Cr EDTA clearance had significantly lower IgG antibody levels to TH protein, than 14 children with normal clearance rate. All 61 children with renal damage had significantly low IgG, IgA and IgM antibody levels to TH protein 6 months after last infection as compared to the reference group. For IgG antibodies, the mean was well below -2 S.D. 12 children with increased serum creatinine had significantly lower IgG antibody levels than those with

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1980

Cross-reactions between the Tamm-Horsfall glycoprotein and Escherichia coli.

Weak cross-reactions were demonstrated between the Tamm-Horsfall (TH) glycoprotein and antigens in the supernatants of boiled Escherichia coli R1-R4 strains using an inhibitory ELISA system. No cross-reactions could be determined between the purified R1-R4 lipopolysaccharides and the TH protein. Neither could any inhibition be recorded after trypsin treatment, indicating that the cross-reacting substance is protein in nature. The cross-reactions were verified by immunoprecipitation techniques. The biological relevance of the cross-reaction between E. coli and the TH protein particularly as an event inducing the formation of autoantibodies to the TH protein is discussed.

Antigens, Bacterial↗
PubMed1979

Autoantibodies to Tamm-Horsfall protein associated with urinary tract infections in girls.

Girls with various forms of urinary tract infections and a reference material were analyzed for autoantibodies in serum to the Tamm-Horsfall glycoprotein. Such antibodies could be detected in all sera analyzed. In the control subjects cord blood contained very low IgA and IgM anti-TH, which increased significantly up to the age of 8 months. The IgG anti-TH levels in cord blood correlated with maternal levels. After the age of 2 months the IgG anti-TH followed the anti-TH levels of the other immunoglobulin classes. Among the infants aged 2 to 7 months with acute UTI, no anti-TH increases were found. In girls more than one year of age with acute nonobstructive UTI, IgG and IgA anti-TH levels were significantly higher in those with acute pyelonephritis and reflux, with or without parenchymal reduction, than in those with acute pyelonephritis and normal radiologic findings. The latter group had significantly higher levels of IgG and IgA but not IgM anti-TH than did those with acute cystitits. In contrast, girls with renal parenchymal reduction but no signs of infection at the time of testing had significantly depressed anti-TH levels compared to control values.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Immunological aspects of pyelonephritis.

Several virulence factors, such as O and K antigens and capacity to attach to uroepithelial cells, seem to be required for Escheria coli to cause acute pyelonephritis. These factors induce an immune response, however, which can modify the course and clinical expression of the infection. During acute pyelonephritis, autoantibodies to the Tamm-Horsfall protein increase. These antibodies, which probably are evoked by a cross-reaction noted between structures of E. coli LPS and the Tamm-Horsfall protein, may add to the renal tissue engagement in interstitial nephritis caused by bacterial pyelonephritis.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1978

Urinary tract infections caused by Proteus mirabilis in children. The antibody response to O and H antigens and Tamm-Horsfall protein and bacterial adherence to uro-epithelium.

Sera from seven girls with acute symptomatic pyelonephritis and nine children with acute symptomatic cystitis caused by Proteus mirabilis were analysed for antibodies against the bacterial O and H1 antigens and the Tamm-Horsfall protein. An increase in antibody levels against O antigen and Tamm-Horsfall protein was noted only in patients with acute pyelonephritis indicating that antibody determinations can be useful in differentiating between upper and lower urinary tract infection caused by Proteus in similarity to those caused by E. coli. In contrast no difference in adhesive ability was noted comparing Proteus strains causing acute pyelonephritis or cystitis.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1977

Antigens of Escherichia coli, human immune response, and the pathogenesis of urinary tract infections.

Acute pyelonephritis (but not cystitis or "asymptomatic" bacteriuria) due to Escherichia coli induces serum antibodies to O-but rarely to K-antigens, especially not to the most common antigen, K1. Locally produced secretory IgA and IgG antibodies to O-and K-antigens appear in urine during most infections. The E. coli in urine of patients with asymptomatic bacteriuria are different from those in patients with acute pyelonephritis and cystitis and undergo continuous changes, presumably caused by the local antibody response. The E. coli become less virulent and are less able to attach to uroepithelial cells than E. coli causing acute symptomatic infections. Antibodies in urine prevent epithelial adherence. Parenteral and intravesicular injections of killed bacteria can protect against ascending pyelonephritis in rats. A few K-antigens dominate among E. coli that cause urinary tract infections. Vaccination of problem cases is a possibility because of the protective nature of K-antibodies. The mechanism of renal scarring that appears in some patients with urinary tract infections is unknown. Autoantibodies to the Tamm-Horsfall protein that increase after acute pyelonephritis or the cross-reactions noted between certain E. coli and antigens on the kidney may be involved.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Autoantibodies to Tamm-Horsfall protein in detection of vesicoureteric reflux and kidney scarring.

Measurement of IgG antibodies to Tamm-Horsfall protein (ATHA) in 92 bacteriuric schoolgirls aged 5-12 did not show a significant rise compared with the titres found in the sera of 24 healthy controls. ATHA titres showed no correlation with the presence of vesicoureteric reflux or kidney scarring and it is concluded that measurement of serum ATHA is of no value as a screening procedure for the detection of vesicoureteric reflux.

Autoantibodies↗
PubMed1976

Autoantibodies to Tamm-Horsfall protein, a tool for diagnosing the level of urinary-tract infection.

In sera from ten girls with acute pyelonephritis, antibodies of the IgG-class to Tamm-Horsfall protein were found in significantly increased titres; in contrast, titres in sera from six girls with acute cystitis did not differ from those of healthy controls. The results suggest that determination of Tamm-Horsfall antibodies may prove useful for differentiating between upper and lower urinary-tract infection.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1976

Suppressor cell activity in a male infant with T-and B-lymphocyte dysfunction treated with thymosin.

A male infant with bilateral iris coloboma who had had repeated infections and malabsorption was studied. The levels of total lymphocytes and of T and B cells were normal or high, but IgA became undectable and IgG low, whereas IgM was normal. His lymphocytes did not respond to phytohemagglutinin (PHA), concanavalin A, pokeweed mitogen (PWM) or in mixed lymphocyte reactions (MLR), nor did they respond in vitro when thymosin was included in the test systems. He was skin-test-negative, even to dinitrochlorobenzene. His crudely isolated T lymphocytes and the supernatant of his PHA-stimulated lymphocytes inhibit the response of normal lymphocytes to PHA, PWM, and in MLR. During thymosin treatment skin test and lymphocyte reactivity to mitogen remained negative. He became faintly positive in MLR, and the suppressor activity in the supernatant of his PHA-stimulated lymphocytes no longer inhibited the response of normal lymphocytes to PHA, PWM, or in MLR. In parallel with thymosin treatment he showed quite marked clinical improvement.

B-Lymphocytes↗