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Biomedical subjects

A Faye

Publications and source records attributed to A Faye.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed2000

Clinical and metabolic presentation of the lipodystrophic syndrome in HIV-infected children.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate body fat distribution and glucose and lipid metabolism in HIV-infected children with the aim of describing the lipodystrophic syndrome in children. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study including 39 HIV-infected children aged 3-18 years. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Clinical lipodystrophy was defined as peripheral fat wasting (facial and/or buttock and/or limb atrophy with arm skinfold thickness lower than the third percentile of the reference values for sex and age) and/or truncal adiposity (breast enlargement and/or buffalo neck and/or relative abdominal obesity with trunk : arm skinfold ratio > 2 standard deviations). Fasting serum lipid concentrations were measured and an oral glucose tolerance test was performed. RESULTS: Of 39 HIV-infected children, lipodystrophy was observed in 13 children (33.3%): eight with truncal lipohypertrophy, three with peripheral lipoatrophy and two with combined lipodystrophy. Combined lipodystrophies were observed only in adolescents with a more severe presentation than in prepubertal children. Lipodystrophic children had higher fasting insulinaemia (7.0+/-8.5 versus 3.0+/-2.3 microU/ml; P = 0.07), suggesting a certain degree of insulin-resistance. Hypercholesterolaemia (23% versus 15%; P = 0.59 ) and hypertriglyceridaemia (15% versus 11%; P = 0.76) were observed with the same proportion in the lipodystrophic as in the non-lipodystrophic groups; 23% of the non-lipodystrophic children had dyslipidaemia. CONCLUSION: The lipodystrophic syndrome prevails in HIV-infected children in the three clinical forms initially described in adults but appears less severe before the initiation of puberty. Insulin-resistance occurs in lipodystrophic children only, whereas dyslipidaemia exists in non-lipodystrophic children as well, suggesting that dyslipidaemia could reflect subclinical alteration of the adipose tissue.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

Compartmentalised inducible nitric-oxide synthase activity in septic shock.

BACKGROUND: Previous experimental studies support a role for inducible nitric-oxide synthase (iNOS) in the pathogenesis of severe sepsis. The aim of the study was to characterise iNOS activity in different tissues in patients with septic shock. METHODS: 13 consecutive patients with septic shock caused by cellulitis were enrolled. Skin, muscle, fat, and artery samples were obtained from normal, inflamed, and putrescent areas to measure iNOS activity, and concentrations of tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha) and interleukin 1beta (IL-1beta). In two patients, iNOS activity was also assessed in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) incubated with microorganisms causing the sepsis, or in macrophages isolated from suppurating peritoneal fluid incubated with IL-1beta. FINDINGS: Compared with normal and inflamed areas, iNOS activity was increased in putrescent areas for muscle (71-fold [95% CI 20-259] vs normal areas, 69-fold [19-246] vs inflamed areas; p<0.01 for each) and for fat (68-fold [23-199] and 49-fold [18-137], respectively; p<0.01), but not for skin. Compared with normal areas, putrescent areas of arteries showed increased iNOS expression (1280-fold [598-3153]; p<0.01). Compared with normal areas, TNFalpha and IL-1beta were increased in putrescent areas of arteries (223-fold and 41-fold, respectively; p<0.01 for each). PBMCs and tissue macrophages expressed iNOS. Plasma nitrite/nitrate concentrations inversely correlated with mean arterial pressure and systemic vascular resistance. INTERPRETATION: In human septic shock we found that iNOS activity is compartmentalised at the very site of infection and parallels expression of TNFalpha and IL-1beta. PBMCs and tissue macrophages can be a cellular source for iNOS.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed2000

Effects of oral pinaverium bromide on colonic response to food in irritable bowel syndrome patients.

We have recently developed a simple method to investigate the colonic response to food (CRF). This study describes the modifications of CRF induced by treatment with oral pinaverium bromide in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) patients. Thirty healthy subjects and 43 patients suffering from IBS were studied. Colonic transit time (CTT) was measured in fasting conditions and after eating a standard test meal. Colonic response to food was quantified by calculating the variation in number of markers in each zone of interest of the large bowel between the X-ray films of the abdomen taken before and after eating. CRF is characterized by caudal propulsion of colonic contents in the two groups. In controls, there is emptying of the caecum-ascending colon region and filling of the rectosigmoid. In IBS patients, only the left transverse colon and the splenic flexure empty. Pinaverium bromide exerts no effect in controls but reverses the CRF of the right colon in IBS patients by inhibiting right colon emptying. These results suggest that the inhibitory action of pinaverium bromide on CRF may support the clinical efficacy of this calcium channel blocker in the treatment of IBS.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

[Patient-controlled analgesia for prolonged pain in the child. An open-label feasibility study of a standardized method].

BACKGROUND: Patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) has been shown to be superior to a continuous morphine infusion for the treatment of ongoing pain in children over five years of age. Nevertheless, prescription parameters such as the bolus dosage and the possible association of a continuous background infusion have not yet been standardized. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Thirty-three children, aged four to 17, hospitalized in a pediatric hematology ward, benefited from PCA with a standardized prescription: a bolus dosage of at least 25 mg/kg, without a background infusion. Morphine consumption, side effects and efficacy on pain relief were followed. RESULTS: Median of mean morphine consumption was 0.32 mg.kg-1.d-1. Median of maximal consumption was 0.58 mg.kg-1.d-1. Mean duration was nine days. No important side effects were noted, except in two patients. They presented prolonged constipation and a poor quality of nocturnal sleep, but they also had a major depressive syndrome persisting after resolution of pain. Efficacy was comparable to a continuous intravenous infusion, and nocturnal sleep was of good quality for 31 children. CONCLUSION: This standardized technique of PCA can be used extensively in children over five years of age. It can be used as a reference for further studies.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

High levels of viral replication during primary simian immunodeficiency virus SIVagm infection are rapidly and strongly controlled in African green monkeys.

In contrast to pathogenic human immunodeficiency virus and simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) infections, chronic SIVagm infections in African green monkeys (AGMs) are characterized by persistently low peripheral and tissue viral loads that correlate with the lack of disease observed in these animals. We report here data on the dynamics of acute SIVagm infection in AGMs that exhibit remarkable similarities with viral replication patterns observed in peripheral blood during the first 2 weeks of pathogenic SIVmac infections. Plasma viremia was evident at day 3 postinfection (p.i.) in AGMs, and rapid viral replication led by days 7 to 10 to peak viremias characterized by high levels of antigenemia (1.2 to 5 ng of p27/ml of plasma), peripheral DNA viral load (10(4) to 10(5) DNA copies/10(6) peripheral blood mononuclear cells [PBMC]), and plasma RNA viral load (2 x 10(6) to 2 x 10(8) RNA copies/ml). The lymph node (LN) RNA and DNA viral load patterns were similar to those in blood, with peaks observed between day 7 and day 14. These values in LNs (ranging from 3 x 10(5) to 3 x 10(6) RNA copies/10(6) LN cell [LNC] and 10(3) to 10(4) DNA copies/10(6) LNC) were at no time point higher than those observed in the blood. Both in LNs and in blood, rapid and significant decreases were observed in all infected animals after this peak of viral replication. Within 3 to 4 weeks p. i., antigenemia was no longer detectable and peripheral viral loads decreased to values similar to those characteristic of the chronic phase of infection (10(2) to 10(3) DNA copies/10(6) PBMC and 2 x 10(3) to 2 x 10(5) RNA copies/ml of plasma). In LNs, viral loads declined to 5 x 10(1) to 10(3) DNA copies and 10(4) to 3 x 10(5) RNA copies per 10(6) LNC at day 28 p.i. and continued to decrease until day 84 p.i. (<10 to 3 x 10(4) RNA copies/10(6) LNC). Despite extensive viremia during primary infection, neither follicular hyperplasia nor CD8(+) cell infiltration into LN germinal centers was detected. Altogether, these results indicate that the nonpathogenic outcome of SIVagm infection in its natural host is associated with a rapidly induced control of viral replication in response to SIVagm infection, rather than with a poorly replicating virus or a constitutive host genetic resistance to virus replication.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

Humanized anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody (Rituximab) in post transplant B-lymphoproliferative disorder: a retrospective analysis on 32 patients.

BACKGROUND: B-lymphoproliferative post-transplant disorder (BLPD) is a severe complication of organ and bone marrow transplantation. The reduction of immuno-suppressive therapy or surgery for localized disease may cure some BLPDs. Other therapeutic approaches such as chemotherapy and antiviral drugs are toxic and of limited efficacy. Adoptive immunotherapy with donor T-cell infusions has yielded promising results but is, at the present time, easily applicable only in bone marrow-transplanted patients. Anti-B-cell Murine monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs) have proven effective but are no longer available for human use. We report the activity of a humanized anti CD 20 Mo Ab (Rituximab-MABTHERA Roche) in 32 episodes of BLPD treated in 14 French centers. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Between November 1997 and September 1998, 32 patients were diagnosed with BLPD. Twenty-six patients had undergone solid organ transplants (liver 8, kidney 8, heart 4, lung 3, heart lung 1, kidney-pancreas 1, liver-kidney 1) and six patients had received bone marrow transplantations. The median age of the patients was 34 years (3-67 years) and the median delay between graft and tumor 5 months (1-156 months). In organ recipients, tumors were classified as polymorphic and monomorphic in 10 and 15 cases, respectively; 4 of 6 bone marrow transplant recipients were treated without pathology documentation because of a rise in EBV load, fever and lymph node enlargement. Tumors were associated with EBV in 22 of 26 tested cases. Rituximab was used as first-line therapy in 30 patients (after reduction of immunosuppressive treatment in 27 patients) and as salvage therapy in 2 patients (after failure of chemotherapy). The median time from diagnosis of BLPD to treatment with Rituximab was 14 days (1-110 days). Two patients received eight infusions, twenty-six patients four infusions, one patient three infusions and three patients two infusions of 375 mg/m2. RESULTS: The tolerance of rituximab was good. The overall response rate was 69%, with 20 complete responses and 2 partial responses. In solid organ transplant the response rate was 65% (15 CR and 2 PR) while it was 83% in bone marrow-transplanted patients (5 CR). With a median follow-up of 8 months (1-16 months) 24 patients are still alive. The one-year projected survival is 73%. Of the 22 patients who achieved response, 15 patients (11 solid organ transplant and 4 bone marrow transplant) are alive with no evidence of disease, 4 patients relapsed a median of 7 months (3-10 months) after treatment and 3 died while in CR of concurrent diseases. Of the 10 patients who did not respond to Rituximab 5 are alive with no evidence of disease after salvage therapy. CONCLUSIONS: The use of rituximab appears to be a safe and relatively efficient therapy in BLPDs. The results need to be confirmed in a prospective multicentric trial.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

High-Resolution Fourier Transform Spectroscopy of (14)N(2): Analysis of the (1-0), (2-1) Bands of the B(3)Pi(g)-W(3)Delta(u) System.

The extension of high-resolution observation of the electronic emission spectrum of (14)N(2) toward the infrared domain is presented. To date, rotational analysis of the widely investigated spectrum of the N(2) molecule was done in a spectral domain ranging from 2500 cm(-1) to the UV. We have recorded for the first time the infrared part of the (14)N(2) spectrum from 1250 to 2250 cm(-1), using the Fourier transform spectrometer of Laboratoire de Photophysique Moléculaire (LPPM) at an unapodized resolution of 0.0043 cm(-1). A complete rotational analysis is performed for the (1 --> 0), (2 --> 1), (0 <-- 1), (1 <-- 2) bands of the B(3)Pi(g)-W(3)Delta(u) system, not included in any previous analysis. Spectroscopic parameters for the v = 0, v = 1, v = 2 levels of the B(3)Pi(g) and the W(3)Delta(u) states, consistent with those previously reported but with improved accuracy, are obtained from the experimental wavenumbers by a nonlinear least-squares procedure. Copyright 1999 Academic Press.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1999

Anal pressure waves in patients with irritable bowel syndrome.

PURPOSE: Many data suggest in irritable bowel syndrome a generalized smooth-muscle disorder, but data are scant concerning anal waves in patients with irritable bowel syndrome. The aim of the present study was first to propose a new method of anal pressure-wave analysis and second to apply this method to patients with irritable bowel syndrome. METHODS: Spectral analysis was used in 20 healthy controls and 60 patients with irritable bowel syndrome to investigate anal pressure waves at rest during a standard anorectal test and during a maintained 12-ml anal distention. RESULTS: Adaptation of the anal canal to maintained distention was similar in the two groups of subjects. Using a cluster analysis, three groups of anal waves were defined (in cycles per minute): ultra slow waves (0.9-3.3), slow waves (3.8-16.4), and simple waves (16.9-23). In the resting state only simple waves were found less prevalent in patients with irritable bowel syndrome. During maintained distention, ultra slow waves increase in both groups, but slow waves increase in patients with irritable bowel syndrome and simple waves decrease in controls. CONCLUSIONS: Characterization of anal pressure waves is a simple procedure that is easy to perform in outpatients. Anal pressure waves of patients with irritable bowel syndrome have altered organization and respond differently to distention as compared with controls.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Intermittent hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis is a regular feature of lysinuric protein intolerance.

We describe 4 cases of lysinuric protein intolerance, which all fulfilled the diagnostic criteria for hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis. Mature histiocytes and neutrophil precursors participated in hemophagocytosis in the bone marrow. Moreover, serum levels of ferritin and lactate dehydrogenase were elevated, hypercytokinemia was present, and soluble interleukin-2 receptor levels were increased up to 18.6-fold. The diagnosis of lysinuric protein intolerance should therefore be considered in any patient presenting with hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis.

Amino Acid Metabolism, Inborn Errors↗
PubMed1999

[Effect of the quality of endodontic treatment on the longevity of fixed prostheses. Apropos of 64 pulpectomies].

64 teeth with well-fitting post-retained crown were examined radio graphically and clinically and a number of failures were assessed including the peri-apical condition and the quality of root filling. All the teeth were vital and prosthetic was the only reason of endodontic treatment. Results have shown that 25% of the teeth had areas of radiolucency around the root apices. Various criteria parameters were reviewed for possible correlation to the failures. 15 out of the 16 cases of failures could be related to the endodontic therapy procedures: lack of using a rubber dam during the treatment and an unsatisfactory condensed and sealed root filling. Only one case was related to the deviation of post from the line of canal suggest a lateral perforation. To perform a post-retained crown the quality of endodontics must be considered: the operative procedures should be more controlled and enough time should be observed after root canal therapy to ensure its successful.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

Human immunodeficiency virus type 2 infection in children.

Human immunodeficiency virus type 2 infection is rare in children. This virus can be acquired through transfusion and also by the maternofetal route, especially when the mother becomes infected during pregnancy. Diagnosis based on specific serologic tests is simple after the age of 18 months. In the perinatal period, however, viral isolation by culture or polymerase chain reaction DNA amplification or both appears to be less sensitive than in the case of human immunodeficiency virus type 1. Disease progression is far slower than with human immunodeficiency virus type 1, but severe immunodeficiency can occur.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

Methodological factors affecting esophageal clearance.

To define some methodological factors that could affect the measurement of the esophageal clearance, we used three different protocols, on 41 healthy control subjects. In 20 subjects, we studied the influence of a naso-esophageal probe on the frequency of swallowing. We observed a significant (44 +/- 5%) decrease in the frequency of spontaneous swallows after 15 minutes, with stabilization after this 15 minute period of adaptation. In 11 subjects, we studied the influence of the pH of the esophageal content on esophageal clearance. We found an exponential relationship between the esophageal clearance (C) expressed in minutes and the initial pH of the lumen contents: C = 43.3 exp (-0.54 pH) In 10 other subjects, we studied the influence of the volume of the esophageal contents on esophageal clearance. We found no influence for volumes less than 30 ml and a significant increase of clearance for volumes greater than 30 ml. In summary, this study of the effects of methodological factors on esophageal clearance: Gives new information about the "accommodation phase" of the esophagus after distension by a naso-gastric probe; Allows us to propose a new quantitative method for evaluation of esophageal clearance Shows the small importance of the ingested volume.

Adult↗