Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to A Feustel.
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Conversion of the highly surface-active subtype of pulmonary surfactant known as large surfactant aggregates (LA) to small aggregates (SA) with poor surface activity has recently been shown to occur upon cyclic changes of the air-liquid interface area in vitro. By subjecting pooled rabbit bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) to this maneuver, we found that conversion of LA to SA was accompanied by a marked decline in the ability of the remaining LA fraction to reduce surface tension by adsorption and during film compression on a pulsating bubble surfactometer. SA obtained by centrifugation of noncycled rabbit BALF had a similar phospholipid (PL) but different neutral lipid (NL) composition than did the LA. Upon cycling, the increased formation of SA obliterated this difference. No substantial difference in the PL, NL, or fatty acid profile of LA was noted before and after cycling. In contrast, the content of surfactant apoprotein-B (SP-B) in the LA decreased dramatically to nearly undetectable levels during the cycling maneuver, and this decline in SP-B content was closely correlated with the decrease in proportional appearance of LA and loss of surface activity of this fraction. Reconstitution of LA with intact SP-B after cycling virtually fully restored the surface activity of this surfactant subtype. When comparing lavage samples from adults with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS; n = 10) with samples from healthy controls (n = 11), we noted a marked reduction of SP-B in the LA fraction. There was a significant correlation between the SP-B content of the LA fraction and the relative percentage of LA in BALF or the lower surface activity of this surfactant subtype. We conclude that an SP-B-related loss of LA integrity and function may substantially contribute to the decline of this surfactant subtype and the loss of its surface activity during cycling in vitro and in clinical ARDS.
Zinc in serum of both patients with prostatic carcinoma and men without prostatic cancer was analyzed by flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS). No significant differences were found between the group with prostatic carcinoma without metastasis and the group used for comparison. The Zn level in serum of patients with both prostatic carcinoma and metastases was decreased in comparison to the other groups. A decrease in the Zn concentration was also found for men without metastases after orchiectomy and hormone therapy.
The concentration of several trace elements (Cd, Zn, Mn, Cr, Pb, Se) as determined both in primary prostatic carcinoma and in metastases of the same patients in unseparated and in separated tissue. In the unseparated tissue a significantly higher amount of all elements studied was found in the primary tumour. Different results were obtained for the concentrations in separated epithelium and stroma as well as in the cellular fractions of metastases and of primary tumour.
The concentration of Zn, Cd and Se in unseparated tissues and epithelial and stromal fractions of normal prostate gland, BPH and prostatic carcinomas of different histological grading were determined by flameless AAS. There were distinct differences in the content of Zn, Cd and Se in the epithelial and stromal fractions depending on histology. In all cases the concentration of these elements in the epithelial fractions was higher than in stromal fractions. These differences are discussed.
Zinc and cadmium in both serum and erythrocytes from patients with prostatic carcinoma of different histologies, BPH, other urological tumors, and pyelonephritis were analyzed by atomic absorption spectrometry. The variance of the results obtained was very high for each group. No significant differences in the Zn or Cd concentration in either the blood plasma or the erythrocytes could be found between any of the different groups of patients. There were also no trends to be seen in the concentrations of these elements in human blood over a period of months. We conclude that the concentration of Zn and Cd in serum or erythrocytes are not an index for the diagnosis or therapy of prostatic carcinoma, BPH, urological malignancy, or inflammations.
The distribution of Cd, Zn and Cu was analyzed in nuclear, mitochondrial and cytosol cellular fractions of renal tumours and normal surrounding kidney tissues by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS). The normal kidney tissues were separated into cortical and medullary parts. A significant decrease of the Cd-levels was found in all cellular fractions from normal kidney to tumour tissues (hypernephroma). The Zn values varied strongly. We noted a slight decrease of Zn levels in renal tumour. The Cu concentration in the nucleus of kidney tumours was significantly increased.
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The distribution of Zinc (Zn) and Cadmium (Cd) was analyzed in nuclear, mitochondrial and cytosol cellular fractions of prostatic carcinoma of different histological grading, BPH and normal prostate by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS). Distinct differences in Zn and Cd concentration in carcinomatous material in comparison with BPH and normal prostates was found. The highest concentration of Cd and the lowest level of Zn were found in poorly differentiated carcinomas. The results in cellular fractions were compared with investigations on Zn and Cd distribution in prostatic slices by laser AAS.
The concentrations of zinc and cadmium in cellular fractions of normal prostate gland, BPH and prostatic carcinomas of different histological grading were determined by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry. We found distinct differences in the content of Zn and Cd in the nuclear fractions of malignant tissues in comparison with BPH and normal prostatic tissues. The highest values of Cd were obtained in the nuclear fractions of poorly-differentiated carcinomas. In these samples we also found a low concentration of zinc. In comparison to this the highest Zn-values were found in the nuclear fraction of the BPH.
Zn and Cd concentrations in tissue of normal prostate gland, BPH and prostatic carcinoma of different histological grades have been determined by atomic absorption spectrometry before therapy. We found a distinct biological antagonistic effect between Zn and Cd in the human prostate gland. We have seen an increasing amount of Zn in BPH, but a decrease in prostatic cancer. In contrast, we found a continuous increase of cadmium concentration from the normal prostate via BPH through carcinoma.
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Using PGF2 alpha as substrate we have investigated the demonstration and localization of NAD- and NADP-15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase in the kidney of developing and adult rat kidney. Under histochemical conditions an adequate demonstration of the soluble PGDH in native sections is possibly by membrane incubating technic in presence of specific coenzymes. The effectors PMS and KCN showed a decreasing effect on the enzyme activity. In the developing and adult rat kidney the activity of NAD-PGDH was localized predominantly to medullary rays and inner cortex. We have found the reaction product in the following kidney substructures: Pars recta tubuli, distal convoluted tubule, ascending limb of Henle, collecting tubule and lower in proximal convoluted tubule and in the glomerular cells. The NADP-PGDH was localized only in the cortex structures, but the reaction was uneven and the localization of the reaction product was diffuse. The results are discussed in connection with the specificity of the reaction.
In 21 patients with histologically ascertained carcinoma of the prostate before the beginning of the oestrogen therapy the rate of fibrinolysis and the time of euglobulinolysis were determined. In more than two thirds of the cases an increased rate of fibrinolysis was found, 4 cases of them showed a shortening of the time of euglobulinolysis. The rate of fibrinolysis was in all 21 patients on an average 61%. In the 12 patients with increased rate of fibrinolysis it was on an average 89%. After the oestrogen therapy a reduction to on an average 49% could be stated.
Using PGF2alpha as substrate the PGDH-activity was localised in the male and in the female rat kidney by histochemical technique. The reaction is independent of the presence of NAD, but with NAD the reaction intensity is enhanced. The effectors phenazine methosulphate, Triton X 100 and Tween 80 showed no enhancing effect on the enzyme activity. In the rat kidney we have found the reaction product predominantly in the inner cortex (straight portion of the proximal tubules), however, sex dependent differences of PGDH-activity and localization are visible.
The distribution of LDH isoenzymes from homogenate supernatant of bioptically obtained benign and malignant tumours of the human prostate was investigated by agar gel electrophoresis and correlated with the degree of histological differentiation of these tumours. In comparison to the benign adenomas (52.6% H subunits), the values of H subunits declined (adenocarcinomas 47.3% H subunits) in dedifferentiated carcinomas to 37.1% on the average which demonstrate a tendency of increased malignancy. The LDH isoenzyme distribution of malignant tumours is correlated with the degree of histological differentiation of these tumours, which is important for the clinical prognosis.
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