Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to A Fielding.
"First, a regional analysis of the social mobilities of men and women nonmigrants [in England and Wales] is carried out. Second, the way in which regional context structures the options open to men and women is discussed, and, third, the fortunes of male and female interregional migrants are traced."
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
The applications of concepts derived from fractal geometry to biological problems are described. Three major applications are identified: modelling of structures; investigation of theoretical problems; and the measurement of complexity. The review concentrates on methods and algorithms, including potential problems, which can be used with biological problems. These algorithms are drawn from a wide range of literature, including some non-biological sources.
The use of high-dose chemotherapy and the subsequent prolonged neutropenia in patients with haematological diseases has resulted in an increased incidence of fungal infections. The only drug with proven efficacy in the treatment of deep seated fungal infections or invasive aspergillosis is amphotericin B. Unfortunately, this drug has adverse side effects, most importantly dose dependent nephrotoxicity. Furthermore, some patients fail to show a response to amphotericin B. We have treated 40 patients undergoing myeloablative chemotherapy and or bone marrow transplantation for haematological diseases with liposomal amphotericin for proven or suspected fungal infections. All patients had failed treatment with conventional Amphotericin B. Fourteen patients received liposomal amphotericin (AmBisome) due to progression of infection on conventional amphotericin B. Twenty six patients received liposomal amphotericin due to nephrotoxicity caused by conventional Amphotericin B. Nine patients had mycologically proven fungal infection and of these, 7 patients (78%) showed a complete response to liposomal amphotericin. Thirty one patients received liposomal amphotericin due to suspected fungal infection. Eleven of these 31 patients (35%) showed a complete clinical response to liposomal amphotericin. However in the patients with suspected fungal infections 14 patients had no response and 6 patients could not be evaluated for response to liposomal amphotericin. Overall, of the 18 patients showing a response to liposomal amphotericin, 15 patients had either recovered their neutrophil count (> 0.5 x 10(9)/l) or achieved remission from their underlying haematological disease. Recovery from fungal infection in this group of patients occurred when there was complete remission of underlying disease and recovery of neutrophil counts, when concurrently treated by liposomal amphotericin.
Previous kinesiological studies of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) were based on the motion of only one or two selected points on the mandible (such as the lower central incisor, the mandibular condyle). In the present study, a technique was developed to measure, analyze, and describe the full three-dimensional kinematic characteristics of the TMJ during any mandibular activity. The technique was based on determination of the relative position between the mandible and the temporal bone from measurement of the location of points on light-weight frames rigidly attached through splints to the maxillary and mandibular teeth. An optoelectric kinematic data acquisition system has been used to record the location of these points. The results of the study indicate the following major advantages of this technique over previously reported kinesiological methods: (1) the technique provides a full description of the motion of the mandible with respect to the temporal bone, including all the six degrees of freedom associated with this motion; (2) the description of motion in terms of joint parameters enhances interpretation of the data by clinicians; (3) the motion of any point of interest on the mandible can be easily derived from the data and; (4) the system provides only negligible interference with the natural jaw motion of the subject. It does not require head fixation, does not alter or interfere with the natural occlusion, and its light weight causes only minimal (and negligible) loading of the mandible.
A set of matrix algebra routines have been written, as BASICV procedures, for the Acorn Archimedes microcomputer. It is shown that these procedures are executed so quickly that programs, which require matrix algebra computations, can be written in interpreted BASIC. Two example applications, reciprocal averaging and principal components analysis, are demonstrated.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.