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Biomedical subjects

A Fogh

Publications and source records attributed to A Fogh.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2000

Tympanometric hysteresis effect and errors in middle ear pressure determination--a preliminary study in children with secretory otitis media.

Previous tympanometric studies on middle ear pressure (MEP) have revealed the hysteresis effect, which is illustrated in bidirectional tympanometries by the different peak pressures for either direction. This leads to an error in determination of MEP, which has been reported to be 10-25 daPa in normal ears, but experimental data have suggested that this error may be increased in ears with secretory otitis media (SOM). This was investigated in a group of 18 children with SOM by bidirectional tympanometries. The peak pressure difference (PPD) was calculated and found to be 75 daPa in the group of SOM, which was significantly larger than in normal ears (mean = 3 daPa) (p < 0.001). The maximum PPD in the SOM group was 205 daPa, indicating an error in MEP determination of more than 100 daPa. Hysteresis is related to the viscous properties of the middle ear system, and the increased hysteresis in SOM ears can be explained by the additional viscosity of the middle ear effusion. In order to improve the accuracy of MEP estimation it is suggested that in ears with SOM, the mean pressure of bidirectional tympanometries should be applied.

Acoustic Impedance Tests↗
PubMed1994

Admission to Danish hospitals after suspected ingestion of corrosives. A nationwide survey (1984-1988) comprising children aged 0-14 years.

A search was made in The National Board Hospital Register of all admissions to Danish hospitals caused by ingestion of corrosives or suspected ingestion of corrosives during 1984-1988 among children aged 0-14 years. Discharge information on each child was collected. The study comprised 224 children. Six children developed a stricture of the esophagus, and in 11 children, the epiglottis was affected. In nearly all cases, these serious complications were due to ingestion of lye or dishwash detergent. Among children without symptoms or signs at the initial examination, none developed a stricture of the esophagus or epiglottic oedema. We conclude that during a period of five years, serious etching after ingestion of corrosives was seen only after ingestion of lye (four cases), dishwash detergent (one case) and an unidentified caustic agent (one case). In all serious cases, symptoms or signs of etching of the skin, mouth or pharynx were observed at first examination.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Evaluation of amoxicillin clavulanate twice daily versus thrice daily in the treatment of otitis media in children. Danish-Swedish Study Group.

A total of 311 children who had recurrent otitis media or who had experienced failure of initial treatment of acute otitis media with phenoxymethylpenicillin, amoxicillin, ampicillin esters or cefaclor were entered into a single-blind study in two parallel groups in order to compare the clinical efficacy and safety of amoxicillin/clavulanate suspension given b.i.d. or t.i.d. for seven days. The patients were examined prior to the start of treatment, at an early follow-up visit 9 to 12 days after the start of treatment and at a late follow-up visit about three weeks later. Specimens for bacteriological culture were taken from the nasopharynx at entry, at the early follow-up visit, and at the late follow-up visit if there were symptoms of otitis. Both treatment groups showed a similar response, 90% or more of the patients being cured or showing improvement at the time of the early follow-up visit. The initial nasopharyngeal cultures showed growth of Haemophilus influenzae in 53% of the patients, Moraxella catarrhalis in 43% and Streptococcus pneumoniae in 39%. After treatment, cultures showed elimination of the initial pathogens in 30% of patients in both groups and recolonization in 23% in both groups. Haemophilus influenzae was the bacteria most frequently found in the nasopharynx at the first follow-up visit. Adverse effects, which consisted mostly of gastrointestinal and dermatological reactions, tended to be more common in the b.i.d. group but the difference was not statistically significant.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1986

Osteochondroma of the cervical spine.

Osteochondromas of the cervical spine are rare. Two cases are described, both originating from the second cervical vertebra, one localized to the spine and the other to the anterior aspect of the body of the vertebra. The examinations carried out and the treatment are reported.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Methods for evaluating the taste of paediatric formulations in children: a comparison between the facial hedonic method and the patients' own spontaneous verbal judgement.

The aim of the study was to evaluate two essentially different methods of assessing differences in children's taste preferences with regard to five different paediatric penicillin formulations. The study was performed with a parallel group design comparing five groups. A taste evaluation was recorded in 103 children with upper respiratory tract infections after a single therapeutic test dose. First the patient's own spontaneous verbal judgement was recorded then a judgement was arrived at using a hedonic scale of facial expressions. Both judgements were passed immediately and also 3-4 minutes after the test dose. In the children who were 6 years of age or younger, a better discrimination of taste differences between formulations was achieved by using the patients' own spontaneous verbal judgements instead of the facial hedonic method. Both methods seem appropriate in older children, but the hedonic scale is preferable since its use implies a more standardised procedure.

Ampicillin↗
PubMed1984

Attachment of Streptococcus pneumoniae to human pharyngeal epithelial cells in vitro--mechanism of binding.

To colonize mucosal surfaces and to invade underlying tissues, bacteria need to bind to components of the mucosa. Unattached bacteria are transported away from the surface with the fluid flow. By binding to the nasopharyngeal mucosa, Streptococcus pneumoniae causing otitis media may persist at the site of infection. High binding capacity of the bacterium and increased receptivity of the epithelial cells for attaching bacteria may both contribute to the susceptibility of patients prone to otitis. Thus, epithelial cells from children with frequent episodes of otitis bind attaching bacteria more readily than do cells from age-matched controls. The binding mechanism probably involves bacterial surface proteins and epithelial cell surface glycoconjugate receptors. Evidence is presented that phosphorylcholine, a component of the bacterial surface, as well as epithelial cell receptor analogues, that is, natural or synthetic saccharides analogous to the lactoneoseries of glycolipids, inhibits pneumococcal attachment. Inhibition of bacterial binding in vivo may be a new approach to prophylaxis against otitis media.

Adhesiveness↗
PubMed1983

Veratrum alkaloids in sneezing-powder a potential danger.

Sneezing-powders containing pulverized root of veratrum album (white hellebore) have recently been marketed in the Scandinavian countries. The powder, imported from the Federal Republic of Germany, has caused severe intoxications.

Child↗
PubMed1981

Adhesion of Streptococcus pneumoniae to human pharyngeal epithelial cells in vitro: differences in adhesive capacity among strains isolated from subjects with otitis media, septicemia, or meningitis or from healthy carriers.

A method was developed to study the adhesion of Streptococcus pneumoniae to human pharyngeal epithelial cells. Epithelial cells from healthy persons, pneumococcal strains from patients with otitis media, meningitis, or septicemia, and pneumococcal cells from the nasopharynx of healthy carriers were used. Adhesion was found to be influenced by changes in the bacterial incubation medium and growth phase, the concentration of bacteria and epithelial cells, the epithelial cell donor, the incubation time and temperature, and the pH and osmolarity of the incubation medium. Pretreatment of bacteria with heat, Formalin, or trypsin decreased adhesion. The highest adhesion was obtained when 10(9) bacteria cultivated for 18 h in streptococcus cultivation broth were added to 10(4) pharyngeal cells and incubated at 37 degrees C for 30 min. S. pneumoniae strains from patients with frequent episodes of otitis media and strains from healthy carriers had the highest adhesion values; septicemia and meningitis strains had the lowest. The capsular polysaccharide type did not determine the adhesive capacity of the strains, but otitis strains belonging to the capsular types often associated with otitis media adhered in high numbers. Adhesion may be important for pneumococci colonizing the nasopharynx or inducing otitis media.

Carrier State↗