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Biomedical subjects

A Frankenschmidt

Publications and source records attributed to A Frankenschmidt.

26 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

RARE-MR-urography in the diagnosis of upper urinary tract abnormalities in children.

RARE-MR-urography (Rapid Acquisition with Relaxation Enhancement) is a fast MR imaging technique (6.4 s/acquisition) that selectively depicts fluid by heavy T2-weighting. From 9/1989 to 11/1990, RARE-MR urograms were prospectively evaluated in the diagnosis of upper urinary tract abnormalities in 55 children. The method is performed in several planes and combined with a coronal, T1-weighted spin-echo sequence. Forty out of 42 kidneys with dilated renal pelvis, and 21 out of 24 dilated ureters were identified, only the mildly dilated ones were missed. Even in non-functioning kidneys the urinary tract was clearly depicted by RARE-MR-urography. However, no differentiation could be made with this technique between vesicoureteral reflux and non-refluxing dilatation of ureter and/or renal pelvis. All 19 pelviureteric obstructions and all eight renal duplications with a dilated segment were identified. RARE-MR-urography is a new tool for diagnosing urinary tract abnormalities in children without having to employ ionizing radiation, contrast media, or general anesthesia. A dilated urinary tract can be shown in one image displaying the entire urinary system, similar to excretory urography. The technique is presently not able to provide the information of voiding cystourethrography or renal scintigraphy, nor is it as easy to perform as ultrasound. However, in certain cases it may replace excretory urography.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

[RARE-MR urography: a rapid MR tomographic imaging procedure for the diagnosis of urinary tract malformations in childhood].

RARE-MR urography (so called "water-pictures") is a fast MR imaging technique that selectively depicts fluid without contrast application. Acquisition time is 6.4 s per slice with 1 excitation, or 23 s per slice with 2 averages respectively. From Sept. 1989 to April 1990 24 children with anomalies of the urinary tract have been examined each by RARE MR urography and one T1-weighted spin-echo sequence. Independent of excretory function, the technique can show dilated calices and renal pelvis, pelviureteric obstruction, renal duplication, and megaureter. However, it cannot distinguish between vesicoureteric reflux and obstructive megaureter. Our first results suggest that RARE MR urography combined with ultrasound, reflux cystography and isotope nephrography, can replace excretory urography in certain circumstances--or at least postpone it to the preoperative phase.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

[Initial clinical experiences with RARE-MR urography].

Potentials and limitations of a new, facultative non-tomographic Fast-Imaging sequence "RARE-MR-Urography" are presented. Its results in urological diseases are discussed on the basis of a pilot study of 35 patients. The images (4 s-32 s acquisition time) are extremely T2-weighted and display unbounded free water (urine). They reveal valuable information, not available with ultrasound or conventional radiology without application of contrast agents in the presence of urine retention. S/N problems reduce the accuracy of this method if the urinary tract contains only small amounts of urine.

Humans↗
PubMed1987

[RARE-MR urography: a fast nontomographic imaging procedure for demonstrating the efferent urinary pathways using nuclear magnetic resonance].

RARE-MR-Urography is a new fast data acquisition technique for magnetic resonance imaging. As a non-tomographic approach to the morphology of the urinary system, image information is similar to intravenous X-ray urography. As the sequence results in a heavily T2-weighted image displaying aqueous fluids, application of contrast agents is not necessary. Image quality is demonstrated by an exemplary case. Basic technical details and possible indications are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Ceftizoxime concentration in blood, muscle, and kidney tissue].

The pharmacokinetic properties of ceftizoxime, a new beta-lactamase-resistant cephalosporin, were investigated in 27 patients following perioperative antimicrobial prophylaxis. 2 g of ceftizoxime were injected before surgery and the concentrations measured in serum, muscle and renal tissue over a period of 30 min to 7 h. The pharmacokinetic data indicated high and long-lasting concentrations of ceftizoxime, especially in the renal tissue; this makes the drug ideal for the treatment of complicated urinary tract infections with obstruction and involvement of the renal tissue, provided the bacteria present are sensitive. The administration of 2 g i. v. every 12 h should be sufficient. In view of the high and long-lasting concentrations, it should be possible to treat uncomplicated urinary tract infections with a single dose of 2 g every 24 h. However, Enterococci, Bacteroides and Pseudomonas aeruginosa are not sufficiently sensitive to ceftizoxime and a combination with an aminoglycoside is thus indicated in the treatment of high-risk patients in the absence of bacteriological tests.

Cefotaxime↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Clinical study of the effectiveness and tolerance of norfloxacin in the therapy of complicated urinary tract infections and in long-term prevention of recurrent urinary tract infections].

The efficacy and tolerance of norfloxacin in the treatment of complicated urinary tract infections and in low dose long-term prophylaxis over six months for recurrent UTI were investigated in 60 and 27 patients, respectively. In the prophylaxis group, compliance with medication was controlled weekly using Mecur BT. Five to nine days after treatment, the urine was sterile in 50 out of the 60 patients treated (83.3%); relapse occurred in six patients and was associated with development of resistance in two. Four patients suffered re-infection within the study period. Failure of treatment was closely related to persisting complicating factors in the urinary tract. The overall tolerance of norfloxacin was satisfactory. However, there was one severe allergic reaction. During the total 391 weeks of low dose long-term prophylaxis given to 27 patients, only one break-through infection occurred. Yet compliance studies proved that antimicrobial activity was present in the urines of less than 50% of the patients. During prophylaxis, the rate of infection was reduced from three to four to 0.13 to 0.05 infections/patient/year. There was no development of resistance in the isolates from these patients. Only two adverse reactions were observed.

Administration, Oral↗