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Biomedical subjects

A French

Publications and source records attributed to A French.

32 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

Prospective in vitro testing for drug-induced neutropenia in a patient requiring anti-malarial prophylaxis: confirmation of findings on exposure of patient to drug.

A patient with moderate pancytopenia thought to be due to chloroquine ingestion was shown to have granulocyte progenitors (CFU-G) which were abnormally sensitive in vitro to chloroquine. As he required further anti-malarial prophylaxis, his marrow was prospectively tested in vitro with proguanil and its metabolite cycloguanil. The patient's CFU-G were also abnormally sensitive to these agents and predicted neutropenia was verified when the patient had a trial course of proguanil. We believe this is the first instance of in vivo confirmation of in vitro CFU-G drug sensitivities.

Agranulocytosis↗
PubMed1989

The systematic acquisition of word forms by a child during the first-fifty-word stage.

This paper sets out to examine two findings reported in the literature: one, that during the one-word stage a child's word productions are highly phonetically variable, and two, that the one-word stage is qualitatively distinct from subsequent phonological development. The complete set of word forms produced by a child at the one-word stage were collected and analysed both cross-sectionally (month by month) and longitudinally (looking for changes over time). It was found that the data showed very little variability, and that phonological development during the period studied was qualitatively continuous with subsequent development. It is suggested that the phonologically principled development of this child's first words is related to his late onset of speech.

Humans↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Peak mean myocardial velocities and velocity gradients measured by color M-mode tissue Doppler imaging in healthy cats.

We sought to assess the feasibility of recording the myocardial velocity gradients (MVGs) and mean myocardial velocities (MMVs) measured by color M-mode tissue Doppler imaging (TDI) in the free wall of unsedated normal cats (n = 18) with a 7.4-MHz probe equipped to record TDI images. The peak MVG and MMV values during the different phases of the cardiac cycle corresponded to certain color velocity patterns occurring in the left ventricular free wall (LVFW). Biphasic shifts were recorded in the tracings of both the MVG and MMV during early diastole (E1 and E2) as well as during the isovolumic relaxation (IVR) and isovolumic contraction (IVC) phases. Stepwise regression analysis showed that age was the only significant predictor for the peak MVG values during the 2nd phase of early diastole (E2) (r = -0.79, r2 = 0.63, and P < .001). The peak late diastolic MVG values were associated positively with age (r = 0.50, r2 = 0.25, and P < .05). The peak MMV values showed a negative association with age during E2 (r = -0.71, r2 = 0.50, and P < .001) as well as during early systole (Se) (r = -0.55, r2 = 0.30, and P < .05) and late systole (SI) (r = -0.62, r2 = 0.39, and P < .01). A positive association was found between age and the peak MMV values during late diastole (r = 0.54, r2 =- 0.29, and P < .05). The MVG values showed cyclic variations consistent with wall thickness changes. The accuracy of velocity determination and the spatial resolution of the system used were validated with a phantom. To our knowledge, this study is the 1st report of the application of this technique to the myocardium of cats,providing insights into the physiology of myocardial motion. It provides reference ranges of the peak MVG and MMV values for future studies of feline myocardial diseases.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Pulmonic stenosis in dogs: balloon dilation improves clinical outcome.

Medical records of 81 dogs with severe pulmonic stenosis from 2 referral centers were examined retrospectively. Forty dogs underwent balloon valvuloplasty (BV), which was performed by 1 operator, whereas 41 did not. The mean age at latest follow-up was 41.5 months. A statistical comparison of the clinical outcome and survival was performed. Dogs revealing clinical signs at presentation showed a 16-fold increase in risk of death compared with asymptomatic dogs (P < .001). Statistical analyses demonstrated that an increase of 1 mm Hg in transstenotic pressure gradient (PG) at presentation was associated with a 3% increase in hazard rate (P < .001). Thirty-seven dogs survived BV with a median reduction in PG of 46%. The median preoperative PG was 120 mm Hg, and median PG 24 hours postoperatively was 55 mm Hg with a median of 55 mm Hg 6 months post-BV. Twenty (49%) of the non-BV (NBV) dogs remained asymptomatic at last follow-up. Fourteen (34%) of the NBV dogs died or were euthanized because of heart disease related to pulmonic stenosis. Twelve of these dogs died suddenly, whereas only 1 of the BV dogs died suddenly. After adjusting for PG, clinical signs at presentation, and age, BV or dilation was associated with a 53% reduction in hazard rate (P = .005). This study indicates that BV, when performed by an experienced operator, appears to be successful both in alleviating clinical signs and in prolonging survival in dogs with severe pulmonic stenosis.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Pulsed tissue Doppler imaging in normal cats and cats with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.

Myocardial motion was quantified in normal cats (n = 25) and cats with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) (n = 23) using the pulsed tissue Doppler imaging (TDI) technique. A physiologic nonuniformity was documented in the myocardial motion of normal cats, which was detected as higher early diastolic velocities, acceleration, and deceleration in the interventricular septum compared with the left ventricular free wall (LVFW). HCM cats exhibited lower early diastolic velocities, acceleration, and deceleration and also prolonged isovolumic relaxation time compared with normal cats. These differences were detected mainly along the longitudinal axis of the heart. A cutoff value of E' in the LVFW along the longitudinal axis >7.2 cm/s discriminated normal from HCM cats with a sensitivity of 92% and a specificity of 87%. The physiologic nonuniformity of myocardial motion during diastole was lost in affected cats. Systolic impairment (decreased late-systolic velocities in most segments along the longitudinal axis and decreased early systolic acceleration in both mitral annular sites) was evident in HCM cats irrespective of the presence of left ventricular outflow tract obstruction and congestive heart failure. Postsystolic thickening was recorded in the LVFW along the longitudinal axis only in affected cats (n = 6) and was another finding indicative of systolic impairment in the HCM of this species. This study identified both diastolic and systolic impairment in cats with HCM compared with normal cats. The study also documents the normal physiologic nonhomogeneity in myocardial motion in cats and the subsequent loss of this feature in the HCM diseased state.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Disseminated blastomycosis and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome: a case report and ultrastructural study.

A 42-year-old, African-American man presented with a 2-month history of weight loss and fever for 2 weeks. Presumptive diagnoses of human immunodeficiency virus infection (HIV) and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome were made on the basis of a CD4 lymphocyte count of 23 lymphocytes/mL. Chest x-ray revealed right paratracheal adenopathy and a miliary pattern. The etiology of the patient's pulmonary infection was not known, but tuberculosis was an important consideration. Over 5 days, the pulmonary infection progressed and was complicated by acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), septic shock, and death, despite vigorous antibiotic and supportive therapy. Serologic tests for HIV infection were reported as positive after the patient's demise. The etiology of the patient's pulmonary infection, ARDS, and sepsis was not known until autopsy study revealed enumerable yeast-like cells of Blastomyces dermatitidis in the extensively consolidated lungs and in disseminated foci of infection in most other major organs. Diffuse alveolar damage was closely associated with the pulmonary blastomycosis. Electron microscopic study of the yeast-like cells of B. dermatitidis in the autopsy lung obtained and fixed 5 days after the patient's death revealed excellent preservation of viable organisms.

AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections↗