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Biomedical subjects

A Fujii

Publications and source records attributed to A Fujii.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1998

Serum matrix metalloproteinase-2 and its density in men with prostate cancer as a new predictor of disease extension.

We examined whether the serum matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) level and MMP-2 density could be predictors of the development and extension of prostate cancer. Serum samples were collected before any clinical treatment from 98 patients with prostate cancer and from 76 patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Control sera were obtained from 70 healthy men. The serum level of MMP-2 was determined by 1-step enzyme immunoassay. A newly defined MMP-2 density parameter was determined by dividing the serum level of MMP-2 by the prostate volume, which was measured by ultrasonography. The mean serum level of MMP-2 in prostate cancer patients was significantly higher than in the control and BPH groups. Furthermore, the serum MMP-2 levels in prostate cancer patients with metastasis were highly elevated compared with those without metastases. The MMP-2 density in pathologically organ-confined prostate cancer was significantly higher than that in BPH. There was a statistically significant difference in the MMP-2 density between pT2N0M0 and pT1N0M0 prostate cancers. Moreover, the serum MMP-2 level correlated well with the clinical course of prostate cancer with bone metastasis. Our results suggest that MMP-2 plays an important role in the development and extension of prostate cancer and that the serum level of MMP-2 and the MMP-2 density indicate prostate cancer extension and are, therefore, useful for the followup of prostate cancer patients.

Aged↗
PubMed1998

Cefaclor concentration in radicular granuloma after a single oral administration.

1. Cefaclor concentrations in radicular granuloma and serum in nonfasting patients after a single oral administration of 500-mg cefaclor were assayed. 2. The mean peak concentrations in radicular granuloma and serum were 2.57 mcg/g and 7.41 mcg/ ml, respectively. The mean ratio of granuloma/serum concentration at the peak time was 0.35. 3. All cefaclor concentrations in radicular granuloma at the peak time exceeded the minimal inhibitory concentration for 90% of oral streptococci (1 mcg/ml) isolated from odontogenic infection.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1998

Effect of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs on lipid peroxidation by hydroxyl radical.

1. Effects of acetaminophen and sodium salicylate on hydoxyl radical elimination were studied using an electron-spin-resonance spin-trapping method. The effects of these agents on lipid peroxidation of the human erythrocyte membrane were also investigated by the thiobarbituric acid method. 2. Acetaminophen and sodium salicylate depressed hydroxyl radical generated by Cu2+/H2O2. 3. Acetaminophen inhibited Cu2+/H2O2-dependent lipid peroxidation; however, sodium salicylate enhanced Cu2+/H2O2-dependent lipid peroxidation.

Acetaminophen↗
PubMed1998

A panel set for epitope analysis of myeloperoxidase (MPO)-specific antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody MPO-ANCA using recombinant hexamer histidine-tagged MPO deletion mutants.

A major target protein of antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody with a perinuclear staining pattern (P-ANCA) has been identified as myeloperoxidase (MPO). Recombinant deletion mutants of MPO, eight fragments of the heavy-chain subunit, and two fragments of the light chain subunit were expressed in E. coli using a pQE expression vector. The recombinant hexamer histidine-tagged fragments were partially purified as the denatured proteins on a Ni2+-charged nitrirotriacetic acid column. The recombinant fragments were reacted with a rabbit polyclonal antibody to human MPO in Western blotting. In addition, the reactivities of the proteins with MPO-ANCA-positive sera of four patients with renal diseases were examined by Western blotting. The profile of the reactivity showed that different sera recognized different sets of fragments of the heavy chain, whereas no serum reacted with the fragments of the light chain. These results indicate that the sera of patients with MPO-ANCA-positive diseases showed varied reactivities with the different fragments. Furthermore, an ELISA system using a set of the fragments completely purified by Sephacryl S-200HR column chromatography was established. The panel set is useful for subclassification of MPO-ANCA-related diseases.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

Imbalance between serum matrix metalloproteinase-2 and its inhibitor as a predictor of recurrence of urothelial cancer.

Serum levels of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-2 (TIMP-2) were evaluated as prognostic indicators of the recurrence of urothelial cancer. Sera were obtained from 127 healthy control subjects and 97 urothelial cancer patients who underwent complete resection and were measured for MMP-2 and TIMP-2 using a one-step enzyme immunoassay. The relationship between the serum MMP-2/TIMP-2 ratio and the recurrence of urothelial cancer was examined. The mean serum MMP-2/TIMP-2 ratio in the 31 advanced urothelial cancer patients with recurrence was significantly higher than that in the 22 patients without recurrence (P = 0.0029) and in the 44 superficial bladder cancer patients (P < 0.0001). The 1- and 3-year disease-free survival rates in the patients with high MMP-2/TIMP-2 ratios (50% and 12%) were significantly poorer than those of the patients with normal ratios (82% and 56%) (P = 0.0152). Univariate and multivariate analyses of recurrence demonstrated that the serum MMP-2/TIMP-2 ratio is a significant independent indicator of advanced urothelial cancer. Our results indicate that an imbalance between the serum levels of MMP-2 and TIMP-2 could be a new predictor of recurrence in advanced urothelial cancer patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Optical Monitoring of Cerebral Hemodynamics and Oxygenation in the Neonatal Piglet

> Objective: Optical spectroscopy can monitor changes in cerebral oxyhemoglobin (HbO), deoxyhemoglobin (Hb), and total hemoglobin (HbT = Hb + HbO). The purpose of this study was to identify which one of these three optical variables would be the best correlate of cerebral hemodynamics and oxygenation accompanying different physiological conditions known to affect cerebral perfusion pressure and oxygenation. Methods: Eleven anesthetized and ventilated newborn piglets were subjected to: 1) hyperoxic hypercapnia, 2) asphyxia from room air, 3) hypertension, 4) hypotension, and 5) cerebral venous congestion. Optical measurements were recorded continuously along with carotid blood flow (CaBF) measured by the transit time Doppler technique and arterial hemoglobin oxygen saturation (SaO2) measured by pulse oximetry. Results: A good positive HbT-CaBF correlation was recorded during hypercapnia (r = 0.816), asphyxia (r = 0.846), hypertension (r = 0.72), and hypotension (r = 0.95), where as negative correlation was recorded during venous congestion (r = -0.91). A good positive correlation HbO-SaO2 was recorded during asphyxia (r = 0.842) and hypotension (r = 0.86), whereas no HbO-SaO2 agreement occurred during hypercapnia (r = 0.23), hypertension (r = 0.19), and venous congestion (r = 0.34), when SaO2 did not change at all. A good positive HbO-SaO2 correlation was recorded during hypercapnia (r = 0.84), hypertension (r = 0.91), and hypotension (r = 0.94), suggesting a high HbO dependence on changes in CaBF. Conclusions: We demonstrated that none of the optical variables (Hb, HbO, HbT) alone can be used as a correlate of cerebral hemodynamics and oxygenation over a broad range of cerebral perfusion pressure and oxygenation. However, all three variables combined (i.e. optical patterns) strongly reflect the changes in cerebral hemodynamics and oxygenation accompanying those physiological conditions. These and similar patterns could potentially serve as a reference model for future studies in the human fetus where "gold standard" correlation methods do not exist.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1998

Optical Brain Monitoring of the Cerebrovascular Effects Induced by Acute Cocaine Exposure in Neonatal Pigs.

> Objective: The purpose of this study was to assess the direct effects of cocaine on cerebral blood flow and oxygenation in newborn piglets using optical spectroscopy. Optical spectroscopy is capable of monitoring changes in cerebral oxyhemoglobin, deoxyhemoglobin, and total hemoglobin continuously, noninvasively, and in real time. Methods: Five anesthetized and ventilated newborn piglets were injected intravenously with 1 mg/kg cocaine through a central venous catheter over 60 seconds. Cerebral blood flow and oxygenation were assessed by optical spectroscopy and standard physiologic monitoring: mean arterial pressure, carotid blood flow, cerebrovascular resistance, and arterial hemoglobin oxygen saturation (by pulse oximetry). Results: Cocaine induced a profound increase in cerebrovascular resistance, a decrease in carotid blood flow, and a decrease in mean arterial pressure and heart rate. Cerebrovascular changes were detected readily by optical spectroscopy (i.e. a decrease in cerebral oxyhemoglobin was associated with an increase in deoxyhemoglobin). The hypotensive response augmented the cerebral vasoconstriction effect on carotid blood flow. A good correlation existed between the changes in carotid Doppler blood flow and total hemoglobin in each animal and for all animals combined. Peripheral arterial hemoglobin oxygen saturation measured by pulse oximetry remained normal throughout the experiment. Conclusions: The cause for the apparent idiosyncratic hypotensive response to intravenous injections of cocaine is uncertain and requires further investigation. Our study clearly demonstrates that optical spectroscopy might become an extremely useful tool for monitoring cerebral hemodynamics and oxygenation in cocaine-exposed fetuses and infants.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1998

[Diagnosis of organ-confined prostate cancer by systematic biopsy under guidance of TRUS].

Systematic biopsy is useful to diagnose of prostate cancer. However, the usefulness of systematic biopsy for detection of organ-confined prostate cancer is unclear. There are three biopsy parameters, 1) percentage of biopsy cores involved with cancer (number of cores involves with cancer divided by total number of biopsy cores), 2) millimeters of cancer per biopsy core (total millimeters of cancer in the biopsy specimen divided by total number of biopsy cores) and 3) percentage of cancer in the biopsy specimen (total millimeters of cancer in the biopsy specimen divided by total millimeters of biopsy tissue). Although each biopsy parameter alone is not sufficient to detect organ-confined prostate cancer, the combination with these biopsy parameters and serum prostate-specific antigen levels improved the detection rates of organ-confined prostate cancer.

Biopsy↗
PubMed1997

Detection of prostate carcinoma using prostate specific antigen, its density, and the density of the transition zone in Japanese men with intermediate serum prostate specific antigen concentrations.

BACKGROUND: This study was undertaken to determine whether the prostate specific antigen (PSA) density (PSAD) and PSAD of the transition zone (PSADT) are useful in the detection of prostate carcinoma in Japanese men with intermediate levels of serum PSA. METHODS: Two hundred and eighty-seven Japanese men with intermediate serum PSA levels (2.1 ng/mL to 10 ng/mL) underwent measurement of prostate volume by transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) and systematic biopsy under TRUS guidance. The volume of the transition zone was also measured by TRUS in 134 patients. The PSAD and PSADT were determined for each patient, and their relationship to prostate carcinoma detection was examined. RESULTS: Prostate carcinoma was detected in 30 of 287 patients (10.5%). Although the serum PSA levels were similar in patients with benign and malignant prostate disease (P = 0.541), the prostate volume (P 0.0009) and PSAD (P < 0.0001) differed significantly in the two groups; in the patients with prostate carcinoma, the prostate volume was smaller, and the PSAD higher, than in the patients with benign disease. At the PSAD cutoff value of 0.18 ng/mL/cm3 or greater, the sensitivity was 70% and the specificity was 67% for the diagnosis of prostate carcinoma. The PSAD was found to be significantly better in the differentiation between benign and malignant prostate disease than the serum PSA in the receiver operating characteristic analyses (P = 0.045). However, the receiver operating characteristic curve for PSAD was not significantly different compared with that for PSA in the men with negative digital rectal examination findings. Prostate carcinoma was detected in 9.0% (12 of 134) of the patients who underwent PSADT determination. Receiver operating characteristic analyses showed that PSADT was not superior to PSA in the detection of prostate carcinoma. CONCLUSIONS: In Japanese men with intermediate serum PSA concentrations, PSAD offers additional information useful in the detection of prostate carcinoma, but PSADT does not. Although use of PSAD may decrease the number of unnecessary biopsies, a significant number of prostate carcinomas may be overlooked. Therefore, the authors recommend that serum PSA levels continue to be used as an indicator for biopsy in Japanese men.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Inhibitory effect of ethanol on the 5-HT3 receptor-mediated tachycardia in isolated guinea-pig atrium.

The influence of ethanol on 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT)-induced tachycardia mediated by 5-HT3 receptor activation in the isolated guinea-pig atrium was studied. Ethanol at 200 mM significantly inhibited 5-HT - but not isoproterenol- or histamine-induced tachycardia in the isolated guinea-pig atrium. The same inhibitory effect was observed in response to 2-propanol and chloral hydrate application. Both 2-propanol at 100 mM and chloral hydrate at 1 mM exhibited inhibitory effects on 5-HT -induced tachycardia as potent as those of ethanol at 200 mM. These alcohols did not inhibit the tachycardia induced by isoproterenol or histamine. The inhibitory effects of the alcohols seemed to be specific for 5-HT and to increase according to their lipophilicity. Our results suggest that the inhibitory effects of ethanol on 5-HT3 receptor-mediated tachycardia are related to the direct effect of ethanol on 5-HT3 receptors in the atrium.

1-Propanol↗
PubMed1997

The ratio of free to total serum prostate specific antigen and its use in differential diagnosis of prostate carcinoma in Japan.

BACKGROUND: To improve the clinical usefulness of prostate specific antigen (PSA), unique methods have been proposed. The percentage of free PSA in serum facilitates the distinction between benign histologic conditions and prostate carcinoma while retaining high sensitivity. METHODS: Using monoclonal antibodies, an AIA total PSA assay system was established that recognized PSA equally in free or complex form. The clinical usefulness of the ratio of two different molecular forms of PSA was investigated using 268 archival serum samples. RESULTS: Men with prostate carcinoma had significantly lower ratios of free to total PSA than those with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) (P = 0.0001). At total PSA levels between 2.1 and 10 ng/mL, medians of total PSA were not significantly different between men with prostate carcinoma and men with BPH. Differences in median percentages of free PSA for these two groups were statistically significant (P = 0.0001). The ratio of free to total PSA was useful for identifying prostate carcinoma in palpably benign glands with total PSA of 2.1-10 ng/mL (P = 0.0001), whereas total PSA was not useful for such identification. When calculated for low total PSA levels between 2.1 and 4 ng/mL, sensitivity and specificity were 91.7% and 72.2%, respectively, with a cutoff value of 17%. This ratio of free to total PSA was as useful as PSA density in receiver-operating curve analysis. CONCLUSIONS: The use of the ratio of free to total PSA renders total PSA of greater use of distinguishing prostate carcinoma and is applicable to patients with low total PSA. Elderly men with a clinical diagnosis of BPH who are scheduled for surgery may benefit from the determination of this ratio.

Aged↗
PubMed1997

Clinicopathologic study of angiogenesis in Japanese patients with breast cancer.

To evaluate the clinicopathologic significance of angiogenesis as a prognostic factor and the objective methods for evaluating angiogenesis, we immunohistochemically stained a representative section of breast tumors with factor VIII-related antigen staining. There were 109 patients with primary breast cancer from 1971 to 1979. The two methods of identifying angiogenesis were the average microvessel count per square millimeter (AMC) and the highest microvessel count per square millimeter (HMC). There was no relation between microvessel count (AMC or HMC) or age, menopausal status, clinical tumor size (T), histologic classification, nuclear grade, node status, histologic grade (HG), mitosis index, or lymphatic invasion (LI). There was a relation between microvessel count and blood vessel invasion (BVI) (HMC:p = 0.0007) and tumor necrosis (TN) (HMC:p = 0.0050). Univariate analysis showed that AMC or HMC was a statistically significant predictor of overall survival in all patients (p = 0.0086 and p = 0.0307, respectively). Multivariate analysis showed that AMC was an independent predictor of node status when we fitted a model with node status, BVI, and either AMC or HMC; but HMC was not independent. However, when we fitted a model including all 11 of the other indicators and AMC or HMC, the node status, HG, and LI were independent predictors, but AMC and HMC were not. Although AMC was a better method than HMC for evaluating angiogenesis, we cannot confirm angiogenesis as a significant independent prognostic factor associated with long-term survival in Japanese breast cancer patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

An assessment of the usefulness of serum prostate-specific antigen level and cancer volume in biopsy specimens to predict the extent of prostate cancer.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the usefulness of the combination of serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) and cancer volume in biopsy specimens as markers to predict the extent of prostate cancer. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Of patients presenting at our hospital with urinary symptoms suggesting prostatic disease, 311 (median age 70 years, range 42-88) with either nodules in the prostate detected by digital rectal examination or with elevated serum PSA levels (> 2.0 ng/mL) underwent systematic biopsy; 69 had prostate cancer. The cancer volume in the biopsy specimens was examined pathologically by measuring the percentage of the biopsy core involved with cancer, the length of cancer tissue per biopsy core and the percentage of cancer in the biopsy specimen. The relationship of serum PSA level, cancer volume in the biopsy specimen and the extent of disease was examined. RESULTS: The volume of cancer in the biopsy specimens increased with increasing serum PSA concentration and the incidence of skeletal metastasis. The number of patients with extraprostatic disease or bony metastasis was significantly higher for these Japanese patients with a serum PSA of < 10 ng/mL. All six patients with a positive bone scan and who had a serum PSA level of < 10 ng/mL had a larger volume of cancer in their biopsy specimens. Among patients who underwent radical prostatectomy and pelvic lymphadenectomy, the incidence of extraprostatic disease increased with the value of each biopsy variable. Among patients with similar serum PSA levels, those showing higher values for the biopsy variables also showed extraprostatic disease. Among those with extraprostatic disease, seminal vesicles were involved by cancer in four of six patients with > 40% positivity in the biopsy cores, > 1.5 mm of cancer per biopsy core or > 20% cancer in the biopsy specimens. Lymph node metastasis was found in four of five patients with serum PSA levels of > 20 ng/mL and a large cancer volume in the biopsy specimen. CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate that a combination of serum PSA level and cancer volume in the biopsy specimen could be useful markers for predicting the extent of prostate cancer.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

"Collision phenomenon" of prostate and bladder cancers in lymph node metastases.

We report here the case of a 78-year-old man who, 15 months after orchiectomy for palliation of prostate adenocarcinoma, was diagnosed as having squamous cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder. The bladder cancer was treated surgically, including dissection of pelvic lymph nodes. Some of these nodes were observed at surgery to be swollen, and were found on pathologic examination to exhibit the collision phenomenon: the mixing and mingling of cancer cells representing 2 distinct topographic origins. This case suggests that the possibility of collision phenomenon should be considered whenever any metastasis (but especially one in the lymph nodes) is found in a patient diagnosed with 2 different types of cancer. Moreover, it reminds us that diagnosis of one type of cancer does not rule out the possibility of another.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1997

Evaluation of the AMPLICOR CMV test for direct detection of cytomegalovirus in plasma specimens.

We evaluated the AMPLICOR CMV test (PCR) for the direct detection of cytomegalovirus in plasma. Sixty-eight specimens were involved for the comparison between the AMPLICOR test and the antigenemia assay. The sensitivities, specificities, and positive and negative predictive values were 97.1, 100, 100, and 97.1%, respectively, for the AMPLICOR test and 79.4, 100, 100, and 82.9%, respectively, for the antigenemia assay.

Antigens, Viral↗
PubMed1997

[MPO-ANCA related vasculitis with pulmonary hemorrhage during propylthiouracil (PTU) therapy].

We described a case of pulmonary hemorrhage associated with myeloperoxidase-antineurophil cytoplasmic antibodies (MPO-ANCA) without renal involvement during propylthiouracil (PTU) treatment. A 36-years old female was admitted to our hospital because of progressive dyspnea with hemosputum after flu-like symptom and episcleritis. She had been receiving PTU for three years to Graves' disease. On admission her chest Xp showed bilateral massive infiltrative shadow and bronchofiberscopy demonstrated pulmonary hemorrhage. MPO-ANCA and anti-thyroperoxidase antibodies were positive, but she had normal urinalysis and normal renal function. After withdraw of PTU, pulmonary hemorrhage disappeared. But 15 days later pulmonary hemorrhage recurred associated with high MPO-ANCA titer. Corticosteroid bolus therapy and oral cyclophasphamide administration improved pulmonary hemorrhage, and MPO-ANCA titer also decreased. It is suggested that MPO-ANCA and PTU might be closely related to the pathogenesis of pulmonary hemorrhage in this case.

Adult↗