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Biomedical subjects

A Fukao

Publications and source records attributed to A Fukao.

70 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

[Frequency of Helicobacter pylori in chronic gastritis with endoscopically defined erosion].

The frequency of Helicobacter pylori was histopathologically evaluated in biopsy specimens of the gastric mucosa from 112 patients which endoscopically diagnosed as erosion. The specimens, histopathologically diagnosed as chronic gastritis, were divided into eight groups according to age, sex and location. The Helicobacter pylori infection was revealed in 65% of all specimens observed, and the frequency in patients of their sixties was lower than that of the forties. The frequency in the elder was the lowest in the transitional zone of the gastric mucosa. These findings indicate that the decrease in the frequency of Helicobacter pylori begins in the transitional zone and subsequently in the antrum.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Cost-effectiveness analysis of screening for colorectal cancer in Japan.

To clarify the best cost-effective screening strategy for colorectal cancer in Japan, the cost-effectiveness ratio was compared among six currently performed procedures. The analysis was made using a simulation model to estimate long-term cost and effectiveness of the screening programs. In the screening by the immunological fecal occult blood test (FOBT), a comparison between the one- and two-day fecal collection methods indicated that the latter was more cost-effective than the former. A comparison was also made on the four workup methods: barium enema (BE) alone, a combination of BE and sigmoidoscopy (BE + SIG), total colonoscopy (TCF) alone, and a combination of BE and TCF (BE + TCF). The cost-effectiveness ratio was the lowest in the method using TCF alone, followed by those based on BE alone and BE + TCF, and the highest in the BE + SIG method. The superiority of TCF alone strategy was stable over a range of estimates such as the sensitivity of diagnostic tests, the probability of complications due to TCF, etc. It is concluded that a combination of the two-day FOBT and TCF yields the best cost-effectiveness.

Barium Sulfate↗
PubMed1991

Cost-effectiveness analysis of screening for gastric cancer in Japan.

Cost-effectiveness analysis of gastric cancer screening in Japan was performed, and the cost-effectiveness ratio was compared with that of colorectal cancer screening. The analytical model was the same as that adopted in our previous study on colorectal cancer screening (Tsuji et al. 1991). The results indicated that the cost per case-fatality prevented by colorectal cancer screening was 5.5 and 2.7 times more expensive for males and females, respectively, than that by gastric cancer screening. The age of the population influenced the cost-effectiveness of screening programs. The cost-effectiveness ratio in gastric cancer screening became negative among males older than the age of 65 years, suggesting that the total cost for prevention and control of deaths by gastric cancer in these age populations is saved by the screening program.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Receiver operating characteristic analysis on fasting plasma glucose, HbA1c, and fructosamine on diabetes screening.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the efficacy of HbA1c and fructosamine as alternatives to fasting plasma glucose (FPG) for diabetes screening. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was conducted on the above tests. Comparison among tests was based on the area under ROC curve of a test. World Health Organization criteria for classifying glucose tolerance status of the subjects was used. The study consisted of subjects (n = 583) who visited the clinic from September to October 1989 and all diabetic cases (n = 36) from November 1989 to March 1990, after excluding those less than 40 yr of age or with hypoglycemic therapies (469 were normal, 88 with impaired glucose tolerance ( IGT], and 62 with diabetes). RESULTS: Area under ROC curve of HbA1c was not different from that of FPG. Area under curve of fructosamine was significantly smaller than that of FPG. For all tests, overall efficacy of a test to detect IGT and diabetes was considerably diminished compared with detection of diabetes alone. CONCLUSIONS: The discriminating ability of HbA1c is almost the same as that of FPG, therefore HbA1c is a good alternative to FPG. Fructosamine is not suitable for diabetes screening.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1991

Mass screening for colorectal cancer in Japan.

A mass screening program for colorectal cancer has been conducted in Japan for several years, and the nationwide statistics showed a total of 416,382 participants in 1988. This paper describes the present status of mass screening program for colorectal cancer in Japan and related issues as follows: annual trend of the number of examinees, age distribution of examinees, screening methods, diagnostic methods, evaluation of screening accuracy for fecal occult blood tests, and screening interval.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[Case-control study of the effectiveness of mass screening in reducing invasive cervical cancer].

A case-control study was conducted in Miyagi Prefecture, Japan, to evaluate the effectiveness of mass screening for invasive cervical cancer. The Papanicolaou (Pap) smear histories of 109 cases with invasive cervical cancer diagnosed in the years 1984-1989 were compared with those of 218 age (+/- 3 years)- and area-matched controls. Fifty-five percent of 109 cases were screened at least once, while for the controls the figure was 85.5%. Compared with women who were never screened, the odds ratio of invasive cervical cancer for women screened at least once was 0.16 [95% confidence interval: 0.090-0.278]. The odds ratio for 98 cases with squamous cell carcinoma for screened versus never screened women was 0.14 [0.080-0.253]. The Pap smear was less effective as a screening procedure for adenocarcinoma of the cervix than for squamous cell carcinoma. Of 11 cases with adenocarcinoma, 81.8% were screened, compared with 90.9% of controls. The odds ratio was 0.45 [0.054-3.719]. It showed that the odds ratio for the 1-year interval between last normal smear and diagnosis was 0.11 [0.061-0.196] and that for the 2-year intervals was 0.33 [0.157-0.714]. From the results of our study, it can be concluded that mass screening is effective for invasive cervical cancer.

Case-Control Studies↗
PubMed1990

[Stomach cancer mortality and nutrition intake in northern Japan--especially on relation to sodium chloride].

There is a big difference on the stomach cancer (SC) mortality between the north-western and the north-eastern parts of Honshu (mainland of Japan) although not much differences on cerebrovascular disease (CVD) mortality can be observed between these two areas while both of these diseases are said to be related to high-salted diets. The relation between diet and age-adjusted mortality of SC and CVD in northern Honshu was examined here, based on the results of the nutrition survey carried out by prefecture office (1971-87, 6 prefectures, total of 18 data sets). The results are summarized as follows: 1. There are no significant differences on salt intake between the north-western and the north-eastern parts of Honshu. 2. Intake of milk and dairy products is negatively related to SC. 3. Intake of animal protein is negatively related to CVD.

Diet↗
PubMed1988

Effectiveness of gastric mass screening in Japan.

The age-adjusted death rate from stomach cancer has been on a downward trend during the past 25 years in Japan. During the same period, a gastric mass screening program has been continually and actively conducted throughout the country as a secondary prevention for cancer, aimed at reducing the mortality from stomach cancer through early detection. The number of examinees now amounts to over 5,000,000 a year. According to many studies to evaluate the effectiveness of the mass screening program, it is suggested that the gastric mass screening in Japan contributed toward reducing the mortality from stomach cancer.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Cervical cancer screening in Japan. A case-control study.

OBJECTIVE: To prove the effectiveness of mass screening for cervical cancer with the cervical cytologic smear in Japan. STUDY DESIGN: The cases consisted of 109 patients with invasive carcinoma who were identified by mass screening for cervical cancer between 1984 and 1989. For each case, two age-matched controls were chosen from females who underwent mass screening in the same district during the same period. The odds ratio (OR) for invasive cervical cancer and that of each histologic type for the previously screened vs. unscreened females were calculated. In addition, the OR for invasive cervical cancer according to the screening interval was calculated. RESULTS: The OR of invasive cervical cancer for the previously screened vs. unscreened females was significant (P < .16). According to the histologic type, the OR of squamous cell carcinoma for the previously screened vs. unscreened females was significant (P < .14), while that for adenocarcinoma was not significant (P < .45). According to screening interval, the OR for screening at a one- or two-year interval was significant (P < .11 and .33, respectively). CONCLUSION: This case-control study statistically showed the usefulness of screening for cervical cancer in Japan.

Adenocarcinoma↗