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Biomedical subjects

A Fukuzaki

Publications and source records attributed to A Fukuzaki.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1996

Determining the origin of hematuria by immunocytochemical staining of erythrocytes in urine for Tamm-Horsfall protein.

PURPOSE: We analyzed the feasibility of immunocytochemical staining of urinary erythrocytes for Tamm-Horsfall protein to differentiate renal from nonrenal hematuria. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Urine samples collected from 74 patients with hematuria were evaluated. Erythrocytes in urine were inspected morphologically and the same samples were immunocytochemically stained with antibody against human Tamm-Horsfall protein. RESULTS: Erythrocytes in urine were clearly stained for Tamm-Horsfall protein in renal hematuria. Tamm-Horsfall protein immunocytochemistry was more consistent with clinical diagnosis than morphology. CONCLUSIONS: Immunocytochemical staining of urine erythrocytes for Tamm-Horsfall protein appears to be a reliable tool to differentiate renal from nonrenal hematuria.

Diabetic Nephropathies↗
PubMed1995

[Obstructive and reflux nephropathy].

Urinary tract obstruction and vesicoureteral reflux have marked effects on renal function. Renal interstitial fibrosis and glomerular hypertrophy with subsequent focal segmental glomerulosclerosis like changes are a common consequence of chronic obstruction and vesicoureteral reflux. Evidence suggests that vasoactive compounds and cytokines such as angiotensin II, nitric oxide, eicosanoids, TNF, TGF, EGF, PDGF, bFGF have a role in the hemodynamic and structural abnormalities that occur following obstruction of the urinary tract or vesicoureteral reflux. Use of modulators for these compounds appears to be beneficial for treatment of obstructive or reflux nephropathy in near future.

Chronic Disease↗
PubMed1994

Localization of several G-protein subunits in human kidney.

Localization of guanine nucleotide binding protein (G-protein) alpha chains in human kidney was examined using immunoblotting and immunocytochemical techniques. Immunoblot studies revealed G alpha s, G alpha i1,2 and G alpha i3 proteins in membrane fractions of glomeruli, cortical tubules and medullary tubules. Immunocytochemical studies confirmed the presence of these G-proteins in several parts of human nephron. The results demonstrate the presence of a large amount of G-protein alpha subunits in human nephron segments. We speculate that G-protein in human kidney may play an important physiological role well-defined in other mammalia.

Cell Membrane↗
PubMed1993

Role of glomerular eicosanoid production in the obstructed kidney.

The regional production of prostaglandin E2 and thromboxane B2 was investigated in the kidney with unilateral or bilateral ureteral obstruction for 24 hours in rats. The production of these eicosanoids was highest in the inner medulla both with or without ureteral obstruction, although the production rate by the tubules was relatively low in the obstructed kidney compared to the sham-operated control. A greater production of these vasoactive compounds was noted by glomeruli from the kidneys with unilateral or bilateral obstruction and the contralateral kidney with unilateral obstruction. Glomeruli obtained from the kidney with unilateral obstruction produced more thromboxane B2 than the kidney with bilateral obstruction, and the resultant TxB2/PGE2 ratio was higher in the unilaterally obstructed kidney. This difference in the glomerular thromboxane B2 production may be responsible for the haemodynamic changes between unilateral and bilateral ureteral obstructions. An increased prostaglandin E2 production by glomeruli from the contralateral kidney with unilateral obstruction may contribute to a compensatory response.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Ca(2+)-independent contraction of uterine smooth muscle induced by vanadate and its inhibition by Ca2+.

Vanadate, 30 microM, contracts uterine smooth muscle of estrogen-dominated non-pregnant rats in Ca(2+)-free medium after preincubation with 3 mM EGTA. In spite of the phosphorylation of the myosin light chain during this contraction, studies with fura-2 suggested that this contraction was not accompanied by an increase in the cytosolic Ca2+ level. Inhibitors of the myosin light chain kinase and protein kinase C partly inhibited this contraction. Vanadate seems to enter the cell through anion channels to inhibit phosphatases, resulting in phosphorylation via basal activities of the myosin light chain kinase and protein kinase C. An increase in the cytosolic free Ca2+ level resulted in relaxation of the contracting muscle in the same manner as in the oxytocin-induced Ca(2+)-free contraction.

Alkaloids↗
PubMed1991

[Urethral indwelling catheter, intermittent self-catheterization and urinary infection].

Once a catheter has been passed into the bladder without contamination, there are several possible routes of subsequent infection during drainage period, such as: 1. Entry of bacteria alongside the catheter in the urethra. 2. Introduced bacteria adhered easily to the indwelling catheter and drainage system and colonized. 3. The catheter tip is covered rapidly by various nutrient materials which becomes a good culture medium of stuck bacteria, which is a supply source of bacteria into the bladder urine. 4. Although the motile bacilli ascend very slowly through the stagnant tube and no bacteria ascend against a slowly moving column, rapid transport of organisms occurs in the swirling fluid caused by the passage of rising air bubbles. 5. Continuous urethral catheter drainage permits an average residual urine volume of 7.3 ml. 6. The catheter destroys the antibacterial defense mechanisms of the urinary bladder. The reasons why in many cases of intermittent self-catheterization (CID) urine becomes sterile despite non-sterile procedure, are as follows. In addition to that CIC has none of the disadvantages of the indwelling catheter, it improves the vesical defense mechanisms deteriorated by high pressure voiding. The number of bacteria reintroduced during catheterization is relatively small and they can be eradicated by usual scheduled catheterization within 4-5 hours without residual urine. CIC must be started before trabeculation or diverticuli are formed, in which bacteria remain. Actual determination of residual urine volume after catheterization will help to prescribe a rational program of CIC.

Bacteria↗
PubMed1991

[Absorption of the urinary constituents from canine ileum].

To clarify the mechanism of metabolic changes after using intestinal segments as a urinary tract, absorption of urinary constituents from the ileum was studied in dogs. An isolated distal ileum (30 cm in length) was anastomosed to the urinary bladder in each dog. Although these animals maintained the normal renal function throughout the experimental period, mild acidosis was noticed one month after anastomosis and it became severe after six months. Stagnation of a urine-like solution (artificial urine: AU) in the isolated ileum resulted in an absorption of 66% of the instilled solvent on average during 60 minutes. The average absorption rates of each AU constituent were as follows: sodium 63%, potassium 80%, chloride 83%, phosphorus 68%, magnesium 34%, urea nitrogen 93% creatinine 56%, and ammonia 97%. On the contrary, calcium increased in the stagnated fluid by 21%. In spite of the severe histologic changes in the villi of the ileal mucosa, which became atrophic and flat, no deterioration in the absorptive capacity of the AU constituents was noticed during the six month experimental period. Furosemide administration suppressed the absorption of urinary constituents, especially water and sodium. On the other hand, the absorption of urea nitrogen and ammonia was scarcely affected. Perfusion of the isolated ileum with AU (0.5 ml/min) for 60 minutes resulted in an absorption of 59% of the solvent and 50 to 86% of each constituent. The rate of absorption was reduced after increment of the perfusion rate. In conclusion, the absorption of urinary constituents occurs rapidly and significantly. The absorptive capacity remains longer regardless the severity of histological changes of the ileal mucosa.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Ammonia↗
PubMed1990

[Estimation of glomerular filtration rate from the urinary excreted contrast medium concentration].

In the animal experiments, glomerular filtration rate (GFR) values were estimated from the urinary response to the intravenously administrated iopamidol. By introducing some reasonable assumptions, mass balance equations about the contrast medium were transformed and GFR was defined as the ratio of logarithm of urinary concentration by time. Urinary concentrations were determined by measuring the photodensity on the X-ray film of urine specimens. Obtained values of GFR were well fitted to those obtained by the analysis of the plasma disappearance curve. The advantage of this method is that measurement of urinary volume is not necessary.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

[Investigation of factors affecting the progression of polycystic kidney disease and effects of percutaneous reduction of cystic size].

Factors affecting the progression of autosomal dominant adult type polycystic kidney disease were analysed in 27 cases. The patients ages ranged from 10 to 74 (mean 44) years old and the serum creatinine values were within the normal limits except two cases, in which the values were 2.4 mg/dl and 2.1. They were followed for from 2 years to 12 years (mean 5.6 years). During the followup period, 6 cases showed elevation of the serum creatinine values and hemodialysis was necessary in 4 cases. There was a tendency of higher morbidity rate of hypertension, proteinuria, hematuria and pyuria in the cases with decreased renal function. These factors may have participated in the progression of polycystic kidney disease. Cystic fluid analysis was performed by percutaneous puncture of more than hundred cysts in 27 cases. The results showed that the cystic fluid components of most cysts of the well functioning kidneys were similar to those of serum values: so-called proximal cysts. On the other hand, in the cases with decreased renal function, there were many cysts with lower sodium concentration and higher creatinine values: so-called distal cysts. The results suggest that the existence of so-called distal cysts may indicate poorer prognosis. DMSA renoscintigraphy was useful for followup polycystic kidney patients because of the uptake of the radionuclide was decreased before rising the serum creatinine value. In 6 cases, the cysts were instilled with 95% ethanol. Followup ultrasonography and DMSA renoscintigraphy revealed a marked reduction of the cystic size and an improvement of DMSA uptake.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

[Effect of furosemide on the obstructed kidney].

The effect of furosemide on the obstructed kidney was studied in dogs. In control kidneys (n = 4) the renal blood flow (RBF) was increased transiently after intravenous infusion of 20 mg of furosemide; from 12.9 +/- 1.2 to 14.8 +/- 1.4 ml/min/kg.B.W. No change in the renal pelvic pressure was observed. Urine flow increased from 0.47 +/- 0.12 to 4.98 +/- 1.15 ml/min at 20 minutes after furosemide administration. Increases in the fractional fluid excretion rate (V/GFR), the fractional sodium excretion rate (FENa) and the fractional potassium excretion rate (FEK) were observed and the maximum values were obtained at 20 minutes after furosemide administration. In two-week unilateral incompletely obstructed kidneys (incomplete UUO; n = 5), RBF was lower than that of the control kidney, whereas a tendency of transient increase was also noticed after furosemide administration; from 8.4 +/- 1.9 to 10.5 +/- 2.3 ml/min/kg.B.W. The renal pelvic pressure increased immediately and transiently after furosemide infusion. Increase in the urine flow was significant, but the value was lower than that of control, and the maximum value was marked at 20 minutes after furosemide administration. V/GFR, FENa and FEK were also increased in incomplete UUO, but the peak values were lower than those of control. In two-week unilateral completely obstructed kidneys (complete UUO; n = 5), RBF was markedly decreased (3.14 +/- 0.38 ml/min/kg.B.W.), and no significant increase was noticed after furosemide administration. The renal pelvic pressure was gradually and continuously increased after furosemide infusion. The fractional excretion rate of pelvic urine components was variable. In particular, V/GFR was significantly increased 60 minutes after furosemide administration.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Effect of ureteral obstruction on proximal tubular functions of rat kidney.

The effect of complete unilateral ureteral obstruction (CUUO) on proximal tubular functions was studied in rats, using the K+-sensitive microelectrode technique and split oil drop method. In the control kidneys peritubular membrane potential (EMperi) and intracellular potassium activity (aKi) were -70.8 +/- 7.0 mV and 81.2 +/- 22.0 mEq/liter (mean +/- SD), respectively. In the CUUO kidneys both EMperi and aKi were progressively reduced with the duration of obstruction. However, in all tubules aKi values were still above the electrochemical equilibrium. In the three days' CUUO kidneys EMperi and aKi were -51.5 +/- 11.7 mV and 53.8 +/- 22.8 mEq/liter, respectively. Rate of fluid absorption (JVL;nl./sec. mm.) across the proximal tubular epithelium from Ringer solution in the control and three days' CUUO kidneys was 0.029 and 0.0065 respectively. In the CUUO kidneys there were wide variations in JVL and EMperi, but there was a clear correlation between these two variables. JVL from choline chloride solution was negligible in both control and CUUO kidneys. From above results, it was suggested that the proximal tubular reabsorption primarily depending on the Na+-K+ pump might be reduced but still working in the CUUO kidney, and thus the proximal tubular reabsorption might take part in preservation of glomerular filtration during the obstruction.

Animals↗