Screening preschool children to detect visual and ocular disorders.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Child, Preschool↗
Biomedical subjects
A Fulton
Publications and source records attributed to A Fulton.
Serum cortisol concentration and testosterone to cortisol ratio in elite prepubescent male gymnasts during training.
Serum cortisol concentrations and testosterone:cortisol concentration ratios of eight prepubescent elite male gymnasts (mean age 10 years 11 months) and 11 controls (mean age 11 years 1 month) were examined during 5 consecutive training days. During this period, the gymnasts trained 3 h each day with moderate intensity mobility, strength and skill exercises while the controls were relatively sedentary. Blood samples were taken from all the boys in both groups before (1630 hours) and 30 min after (2000 hours) training on 4 days. Serum cortisol concentrations of the gymnasts were not significantly different from those of the controls throughout the experiment. Serum cortisol concentrations of both groups were significantly larger (P < 0.05) at 1630 hours than at 2000 hours, indicating that cortisol secretion followed the typical adult circadian change, seemingly unaltered by training. However, there was a significant decrease (P < 0.05) in the testosterone:cortisol ratio of the gymnasts when compared with controls from day 1 to day 3. After a rest on day 4 the testosterone: cortisol ratio of the gymnasts significantly increased (P < 0.05) but the ratio of the control group also increased indicating that there may have been some day-to-day change by factor(s) other than training. The most obvious factor which may have accounted for the unresponsiveness of serum cortisol concentration to the gymnastics training was that the exercise intensity was too low. However, several days of the training seemed to reduce the anabolic to catabolic balance but further experiments are needed to confirm this finding.
Child↗
Young and old faces in young and old heads: the factor of age in face recognition.
Research on aging and face recognition has shown age-related differences that are reflected most clearly in false-alarm errors. Elderly subjects exceed young adults in false recognitions that new faces are "old." To determine if this difference between young and elderly subjects might differ for young versus elderly faces, an experiment was conducted in which half of the young and elderly subjects studied and recognized young and middle-aged faces, and the remainder studied and recognized middle-aged and elderly faces. Replicating prior research, age-related deficits in recognition accuracy (d') were reduced with older faces, and this effect generalized from measures of face recognition to measures of face-picture recognition. However, the age-related increase in false recognitions of faces was not affected by face age.
Adult↗
False recency and false fame of faces in young adulthood and old age.
Studies of age differences in face recognition have shown age-related increases in false-alarm errors: elderly persons exceed young adults in judging new faces to be old. To distinguish among theoretical accounts of this finding, we compared young and elderly subjects in two recognition tasks: (1) that of judging whether faces were recent or nonrecent, and (2) that of judging whether faces were famous or nonfamous. The major independent variable was prior presentation of faces-including nonrecent and nonfamous foils-1 week before the test. False recent judgments in response to nonrecent faces and false famous judgments in response to nonfamous faces were higher among the elderly. Moreover, these age-related differences in false-alarm rates were larger for faces viewed 1 week previously than for entirely new faces. The findings suggest that, compared to young adults, older individuals rely relatively more on perceived familiarity, and relatively less on recollection of context, in making recognition decisions.
Adult↗
Familiarity and recognition of faces in old age.
Elderly persons exceed young adults in false recognitions of new faces. One account claims there are age-related deficits in memory for context of encounter with faces. Because of these deficits, elderly persons frequently recognize faces on the basis of perceived familiarity (i.e., resemblance to face representations in memory), which is high for some new faces. To test this context-recollection hypothesis, we had young adult and elderly subjects judge whether faces: (1) had been seen previously in a test (though no face was repeated), and (2) were subjectively familiar (though no face was famous). The elderly exceeded the young subjects in seen-before judgements (false recognitions), and only the elderly showed a positive correlation between false recognitions and subjective familiarity. In Experiment 2, this finding was extended from false recognitions to correct recognitions, supporting the view that elderly persons, compared to young adults, rely more on resemblance in recognizing faces.
Adult↗
Correlation of natural killer activity with tumorigenesis of a preneoplastic mouse mammary lesion.
Tissue infiltrating lymphocytes isolated from the preneoplastic mouse mammary hyperneoplastic alveolar nodule (HAN) tissue line C4 express high levels of natural killer (NK) activity, which gradually wanes as spontaneous tumors develop (W. Z. Wei and G. Heppner. Br. J. Cancer, 55: 589-594, 1987). Experiments were performed to test whether modulation of NK cell activity would be associated with altered progression of HAN to tumor. Administration of polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid, which activates NK activity but does not directly affect mammary epithelial cell growth, to HAN-bearing mice enhanced tumor progression, as measured by a decrease in the latency period and increase in the incidence of mammary adenocarcinomas developing in the HAN implants. Antiasialo GM1, which reduces NK activity, reduced tumor progression. The net effect of indomethacin, which may inhibit mammary epithelial cell growth but enhances NK cell function, was to prolong the latency period of tumor development. However, this effect was reversed by interleukin 2, which activates NK cells. These findings suggest that NK activity may provide positive signals for progression of preneoplastic mammary lesions to frank neoplasia.
Animals↗
Aging and memory for pictures of faces.
The hypothesis that pictorial aspects of face-recognition memory are lower in old age was tested in 2 studies. Young and elderly Ss viewed 48 face pictures, and then took a test containing identical copies of input faces, pictorially changed versions of input faces, and entirely new faces. Replicating prior findings, Experiment 1 showed that false recognitions of entirely new faces were higher among elderly Ss. However, there were no age differences in distinguishing identical from pictorially changed faces. Using a modified test, Experiment 2 showed that although the elderly Ss had good knowledge that changed faces were changed, they had relatively poor knowledge of how they were changed. There appears to be age differences in analytical matching of pictorial information against information in memory.
Adult↗
Effect of salivary proteins on binding curves of three radioimmunoassay kits: Amerlex-M progesterone, Amerlex cortisol, and Biodata testosterone.
Radioimmunoassay (RIA) is generally used to measure certain salivary hormones because of its high sensitivity. For speed and simplicity, it has been used in the form of "direct" assays, i.e., without first extracting the analyte from its matrix. Investigating the effect of the principal salivary proteins on the binding behavior of three commercial RIA kits, we found that the Amerlex-M [125I]progesterone binding was greatly reduced when alpha-amylase and mucins were added to the binding medium, whereas IgA and IgG were less effective. The Serono Biodata [125I]testosterone binding was unaffected by proteins, while the Amerlex [125I]cortisol binding was decreased by alpha-amylase and mucins. The protein influence was largely eliminated when an extraction step was incorporated. Thus, direct RIA of saliva may be subject to matrix effects, to extents that vary with the kit and that may adversely affect the quality of the assay results.
Humans↗
Modulation of lymphocytic infiltrates in C4 mouse mammary tumors.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Animals↗
Antitumor activity of Listeria monocytogenes on a guinea pig fibrosarcoma.
Listeria monocytogenes-mediated tumor inhibition was studied in strain 13 guinea pigs by using a methylcholanthrene-induced fibrosarcoma (MCA-1). Mixtures of Listeria and tumor cells in ratios of 1:100, 1:200, or 1:400 (Listeria:MCA-1 cells) led to significant suppression of tumor growth. Intralesional injection of tumors on day 6 posttransplantation led to the regression of a highly significant number of tumors. Animals receiving injections of Listeria, either in a mixture with tumor cells or intralesionally, displayed enhanced skin test reactivity to a tumor extract. Tumor regressors were resistant for at least 2 to 3 months after the initial transplant to rechallenge with MCA-1 cells. Thus, with this particular tumor-host system, Listeria was successfully employed as an antitumor agent with no visibly detrimental side effects to the host.
Animals↗
Subcutaneous ancrod after operation for fractured hip--a dose-ranging and feasibility study.
We have conducted a dose-ranging and feasibility study of daily subcutaneous injections of ancrod (Arvin) as a potential antithrombotic method in 28 patients following operation for fractured neck of femur. Sustained, predictable fibrinogen depletion during the first post-operative week was induced by four different regimes. A total dose of 10 units/kg weight, given in divided doses starting on the day of operation, is suggested as a possible antithrombotic regime. Ancrod treatment produced a rise in fibrinogen/fibrin degradation products, prolongation of the thrombin clotting time, and a fall in plasminogen, plasma fibrinogen and corrected blood viscosity were observed in 14 control patients. Plasma fibrinogen was correlated with plasma viscosity and corrected blood viscosity. No adverse effects of treatment occurred. Subcutaneous ancrod appears to be a simple, safe, and feasible potential antithrombotic method, and merits trials of efficacy in the prevention of post-operative thromboembolism.
Adult↗
Enflurane nephrotoxicity and pre-existing renal dysfunction.
This study provides the first morphological evidence of significant structural damage following high doses of enflurane alone and confirms previous findings of transient renal functional abnormalities following high dosage enflurane. The study also indicates that enflurane may have a greater potential for renal toxicity in the presence of renal impairment. Treatment of Fischer 344 rats with a nephrotoxic dose of gentamicin prior to six hours of enflurane (GE) anaesthesia at 1 MAC resulted in increased serum concentration of the enflurance metabolite inorganic fluoride (GE, 43.9 +/- 1.5; E, 34.5 +/- 1.8 mu mol/L), increased urine flow rate and a greater degree of structural damage in renal proximal convoluted tubule cells than was observed with either gentamicin (G) or enflurane (E) alone. Treatment with gentamicin prior to enflurane also resulted in reduced urinary osmolality compared to enflurane or gentamicin alone (GE, 742 +/- 57; E, 1709 +/- 66; G, 985 +/- 32 m0sm/kg).
Anesthesia, Inhalation↗
Bacteriological and histopathological evaluation of guinea pigs after infection with Listeria monocytogenes.
Randomly bred guinea pigs were infected with Listeria monocytogenes using the intracardial, intravenous and intraperitoneal routes of infection. Doses of Listeria ranged from 5 to 1,000 x the 50% lethal dose based on the 50% lethal dose for intracardially injected Listeria. A complete necropsy was performed on all animals that died after infection. Gross and microscopic examination of tissues revealed major pathological features which include myocarditis, edema and congestion with interstitial pneumonitis present in the lungs, and fatty hepatic changes with focal necrosis. For all or a majority of the animals, large numbers of Listeria were likewise recovered from these organs and from lymph nodes, spleen, kidneys, and adrenal gland tissue. Of the three routes of infection used, guinea pigs were most susceptible to Listeria injected via the intracardial route. The relatively high lethal dose of listeric for the quinea pig, however, suggests that the organism is a low-grade pathogen for this species.
Animals↗
Gastrointestinal sarcoidosis diagnosed by conjunctival biopsy.
Ophthalmologic examination of a 31-year-old black man presenting with an intractable gastric ulcer revealed small conjunctival nodules in the lower cul-desac that were sarcoid granulomas by microscopy. Previous endoscopic examination had revealed polyps in the gastric antrum, and a biopsy and microscopic examination had revealed granulomatous lesions, but a definite diagnosis could not be made until the ophthalmoscopic examination.
Adult↗
Comparative ophthalmic pathology.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Animals↗
Initial experience with a small dedicated computer system in a diagnostic x-ray department.
The operation of a small computer system involved in day to day management in an X-ray department is described. The system consists of the following equipment: PDP 8/F central processor with 8K core storage, 32K magnetic disc storage, High-speed paper tape reader (300 characters/s) and punch (50 characters/s), 3 Olivetti TE318 terminals with sprocket feed, paper tape reader and punch (10 characters/s). The system stores patient data relating to name, address, age, ward, referring physician, examination(s) requested, date of request, date of examination, date of report. From this data a large volume of relevant statistics is made available to the department and to the health authority. Labels for identifying record card, film envelope and X-ray films are automatically typed. During reporting coded phrases can be used by the radiologist. Interesting films can be recorded and recalled for library or consultation purposes as can research items. At report typing stage, the report heading is automatically recalled from the computer store. Coded phrases are typed automatically as is the radiologist's name and the date of the report. A 'DAYBOOK' IS TYPED AUTOMatically at the end of each working day. Problems encountered in running the system and future developments are described.
Computers↗