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Biomedical subjects

A Funahashi

Publications and source records attributed to A Funahashi.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

Temporal pattern of arterial CO2 partial pressure during exercise in humans.

The major objective of this study was to test the hypothesis that arterial CO2 partial pressure (PaCO2) does not change in transitions from rest to steady-state exercise and between two levels of exercise. Nine young adults exercised on a treadmill or a bicycle (sit or supine) for 5 min at a mild work load (heart rate = 90 beats X min-1) and then 3 min at a moderate work load (heart rate = 150 beats X min-1). In some studies the moderate work load preceded the mild work load. Arterial blood was sampled from a catheterized artery. During all exercise tasks isocapnia was not strictly maintained (F greater than 4.0, P less than 0.001). For example, a 1-to 2-Torr hypocapnia was the dominant trend during the first 15-45 s after increasing treadmill speed, and a transient hypercapnia was most prevalent when treadmill speed was decreased. During steady-state exercise PaCO2 did not deviate by more than 1-3 Torr from PaCO2 during any resting posture, and PaCO2 differences between exercise intensities and conditions did not exceed 1-2 Torr. A mouthpiece-breathing valve system was not used in most studies, but when this system was used, it did not consistently affect exercise PaCO2. Increasing inspired O2 to 40% likewise did not consistently alter exercise PaCO2. Failure to maintain isocapnia throughout exercise indicates that the matching of alveolar ventilation (VA) to lung CO2 delivery is not exquisitely precise. Accordingly it is inappropriate to base theories of the exercise hyperpnea on the heretofore contention of precise matching.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Acid-Base Equilibrium↗
PubMed1985

Morphometric and elemental microanalytical studies of human lung in health and disease.

Current methods for determining the fibrogenicity of substances are based on relatively long term exposures of animals to the substance and the evaluation of morphological changes occurring in the lung. The use of inhalation chambers, which produce a more physiological environment, suffer from the need for particularly long exposure times (1-3 years). The present study describes a technique using scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive analysis, and a digitiser pad with a computer to evaluate the fibrogenicity of silica in cases of known exposure. Scanning electron micrographs taken from silicotic lungs were evaluated for the degree of thickening (fibrosis) and the same areas were analysed for silicon content. Correlations between silicon content and septal thickening were shown to be significant (p less than 0.0001). The study also describes the concentrations of elements found in normal lungs. The technique for establishing correlation curves between elemental concentrations and septal thickening could be of value in determining the fibrogenicity of pure substances after short exposures in an environmental chamber.

Aluminum↗
PubMed1985

Musical empathy (Einfuhling).

In this paper an "alpha-effect" is defined as a plethysmograph amplitude increase to the hearing of music concurrently with strong affinity for music, pleasurable feeling and reported empathy. Based on this definition a hypothetical model of empathy to music is formulated and the psychophysiological alpha-effect mechanism is related to the processes of empathy and cognitive attribution. In order to understand the psychophysiological mechanism of the alpha-effect, a network is proposed made up of several physiological processes with feedback circuits and feedback circuits at both the sensory and physiological level, and at the cognitive and psychological level. It was aimed also to give a theoretical account of the efficacy of music and to explicate the underlying psychophysiological mechanisms of that efficacy. The model may also help clinical psychologists who want to use music as a therapeutic tool in arranging optimal programs suited to the individual needs, experience, and background of a patient.

Alpha Rhythm↗
PubMed1984

Value of in situ elemental microanalysis in the histologic diagnosis of silicosis.

Pulmonary specimens obtained from ten normal subjects and 53 patients with various pulmonary diseases were studied with energy-dispersive x-ray analysis. The amount of silicon in the pulmonary tissue was determined and expressed as a silicon/sulfur (Si/S) ratio. This Si/S ratio was below 0.2 in the ten normal subjects and in 14 patients who had various interstitial pulmonary diseases but had no previous history of exposure to silica or other dusts known to cause pulmonary fibrosis. The Si/S ratio was greater than 0.3 in 19 of 22 patients who had a history of exposure to silica dust and had clear-cut histologic evidence of silicosis. The Si/S ratio was less than 0.2 in 12 and between 0.2 and 0.3 in two of the 14 patients who had a history of exposure to silica dusts but no clinical or histologic evidence of silicosis. We conclude that the determination of the silicon content of tissue by energy-dispersive x-ray analysis is useful in separating the fibrosis due to silicosis from the other causes of pulmonary fibrosis.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Pneumoconiosis in workers exposed to silicon carbide.

Two men who had been exposed only to silicon carbide for many years in a factory manufacturing refractory bricks developed bilateral reticulonodular densities, as shown on chest radiograms, and complained of dyspnea. An open lung biopsy of one of them showed a large amount of black material in the fibrosed alveolar septums. Studies by X-ray diffraction revealed that the silicon carbide to which they were exposed did not contain quartz; X-ray powder diffraction analysis of the lung tissue revealed at least 6 different silicon carbides, traces of tungsten carbide, and an insignificant amount of quartz. Line-width analysis of the pattern suggested that the lung contained foreign material, with a significant number of particles smaller than 0.1 micron. The etiologic role of silicon carbide for tissue fibrosis is discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Role of fibreoptic bronchoscopy in the diagnosis of mycobacterial diseases.

From January 1976 to December 1981 mycobacteria were recovered for the first time from the respiratory tract of 179 patients. Twenty-three patients had undergone fibreoptic bronchoscopy during initial investigation after three or more expectorated sputum specimens were negative for acid-fast bacilli. Three of these patients had nodular lesions on the chest radiograph and the diagnosis of mycobacterial disease was made only after thoracotomy. In the remaining 20 patients bronchial brushings yielded a positive culture in 19, while bronchial brushing was negative in one patient in whom culture of sputum before bronchoscopy had been positive. In eight of these 19 patients (group A) bronchial brushing was the only source that gave a positive result from culture, while in 11 patients (group B) both bronchial brushing and prebronchoscopy sputum yielded positive cultures. When these two groups were compared no difference was seen in their clinical presentation or radiographic findings but there was a notable difference in the quality of the presentation or radiographic findings but there was a notable difference in the quality of the prebronchoscopy sputum. Six of eight patients in group A had poor prebronchoscopy sputum, while 10 of 11 in group B had good prebronchoscopy sputum. It is concluded that, if a patient is unable to produce sputum or is able to produce only a poor specimen, fibreoptic bronchoscopy may be a useful means of obtaining additional material for culture.

Bronchi↗
PubMed1982

Flexible fiberoptic bronchoscopy: its role in diagnosis of lung lesions.

When a lesion is suspected to be primary or metastatic lung cancer or due to certain infiltrative processes, flexible fiberoptic bronchoscopy may be the best means of evaluating the bronchial tree and its adjacent lung parenchyma. The procedure is relatively noninvasive, can be done with the patient fully awake, and has limited contraindications and few complications.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Elemental content in alveolar septa in various pneumoconioses.

The elemental content of alveolar septa in various pneumoconioses was examind for a possible relationship to interstitial fibrosis. Silicon content, as well as heavy metal content, were evaluated to deterrmine possible interrelationships between the various inorganic dusts. Silicon levels were determined on the basis of silicon-sulphur ratios to accommodate for differences in tissue mass. A study of the variation of silicon-sulphur ratios in silicotics and normal individuals showed no false positives by our diagnostic criteria. A study of 11 cases of siderosis revealed that silicon was not responsible for the fibrosis as previously believed. An analysis of the lungs of 25 non-silicotic fibroses revealed that silicon-sulphur ratios were within normal limits. This technique should be useful in quantitating high exposure to certain dusts and in studying the relationship of such dusts to fibrosis.

Electron Probe Microanalysis↗
PubMed1979

An assessment of cardiorespiratory adjustments of asthmatic adults to exercise.

The cardiorespiratory adjustments of asthmatic adults to submaximal and maximal workloads were investigated. Cardiorespiratory variables were measured every 2 min during exercise and at the end of maximal physical effort. Exercise-induced asthma (EIA) occurred in all asthmatic subjects while normal subjects maintained normal spirometry. The results suggest that asthmatic adults have no cardiac reserve or oxygen delivery limitations. They work under less efficient ventilatory conditions at submaximal workloads and have a significantly lower functional work capacity. The high degree of correlation between preexercise maximal midexpiratory flow rate (MMF) and maximum O2 consumption (max Vo2) suggests that the smaller airways contribute significantly to the observed abnormalities. We recommend that evaluation of antiasthmatic medications in exercise-induced asthma should take into consideration their effect upon smaller airways and cardiorespiratory variables.

Adult↗