Biomedical subjects

A G Boll

Publications and source records attributed to A G Boll.

2 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed1997

Students' educational activities during clerkship.

PURPOSE: To quantify the educational activities and types of teachers that medical students had in third-year clerkships at community-based teaching hospitals. METHOD: In October-November 1992, 201 students in third-year medical clerkships at nine community-based hospitals completed a log that recorded the primary activity, site, and educator and method of education (for teaching or supervised activities) for each 15-minute interval of a 24-hour day. Each hospital offered at least three of the clerkships studied: medicine, obstetrics-gynecology (ob-gyn), pediatrics, psychiatry, and surgery. Statistical comparisons of the clerkships were done with chi-square analysis and one-way analysis of variance. RESULTS: The students received 6.5 hours a day of teaching with an instructor and committed an additional 4.9 hours to clerkship-related learning. Nearly 75% of the teaching fell to full-time faculty members and residents. In just over half of their educational activities the students participated with other learners, such as residents. The clerkships did not differ significantly in the amounts of formal teaching given; however, medicine did significantly more informal teaching, and surgery and ob-gyn did significantly more supervised practice. CONCLUSION: This preliminary study quantified medical students' educational activities in 1992 during third-year clerkships and provides baseline data describing these activities and the educators involved. Some findings may not be replicable, however, with the increasing demands of full-time faculty members in inpatient and outpatient settings and the shifting emphases in how and where residents provide instruction. Another study such as this one would help assess the effects on medical education of changes in the health care environment.

Analysis of Variance↗

PubMed1994

The cost of third-year clerkships at large nonuniversity teaching hospitals.

BACKGROUND: Large nonuniversity teaching hospitals are major providers of the clinical training component of undergraduate medical education, yet little information is available to policymakers, participating hospitals, or sponsoring medical schools on the institutional costs of this service. OBJECTIVE: To determine the costs associated with teaching students in required third-year clerkships for a group of large nonuniversity teaching hospitals. SETTING/PARTICIPANTS: A total of 201 medical students from nine large nonuniversity teaching hospitals affiliated with nine medical schools that participate in required third-year clerkships. METHODS: During a typical week, students completed 24-hour time and activity logs that classified each activity, instructor, and audience. From these logs, the number of teaching hours by full-time faculty and others were estimated and costs were calculated. RESULTS: Full-time faculty provided a mean of 0.242 h/d of formal teaching, 0.326 h/d of informal teaching, and 0.581 h/d of supervised patient care training per student, an estimated direct faculty cost of $412 per week per student. The cost of direct and indirect departmental and academic administration, as well as other direct out-of-pocket medical education costs, added $250 per week per student. The average annual clinical program cost of third-year clerkships to nonuniversity hospitals and their full-time faculties was $31,776 per student. This figure does not include the substantial contributions of teaching by other than paid faculty (eg, volunteer physicians and residents), which was important in terms of activity and service provided. CONCLUSIONS: Direct and indirect costs of third-year medical student education for most hospitals in this study was more than $1 million per year, well in excess of the average support provided by sponsoring medical schools.

Clinical Clerkship↗