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Biomedical subjects

A G Crisp

Publications and source records attributed to A G Crisp.

7 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1994

Group engagement: a conceptual analysis.

Group engagement is an approach which further advances the concept of group engagement but is empirically weak in identifying those behaviours that are related to learning. A definition of group engagement which emphasized age-appropriate, functional behaviours which fall within the set curriculum has finally been developed. This approach is the most conceptually sophisticated approach, is ideologically acceptable, and has some empirical validation. Future research should concentrate on articulating clear principles to guide operationalization and validation. The development of several different operationalizations of engagement for clearly specified different purposes is recommended. Group engagement measures should be subject to greater psychometric analysis. The use of disaggregation of group engagement to analyse the behaviour of individuals and component behaviours is recommended.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Validation of the Pethna toy through changes in collateral behaviours.

The Pethna toy is a recently developed toy designed for people with severe and profound mental handicaps. It delivers sensory consequences for the use of simple manipulanda. Two experimental studies evaluated the Pethna toy by monitoring changes in multiple, collateral behaviours. Experiment I demonstrated statistically significant decreases in turn away and stereotyped behaviour and increases in smiling. Experiment II demonstrated highly idiosyncratic changes in collateral behaviours in three adults with multiple handicaps. In all cases, turn away decreased. The role of response-response relationship, subject attention and relationship of sensory behaviours to stereotypies are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Writing behavioural objectives: an evaluation of a simple, inexpensive method.

This study demonstrated experimental control of nurse compliance with writing behavioural objectives in a National Health Service adult training unit for mentally handicapped adults. At the baseline, low rates of compliance in writing complete behavioural objectives (i.e. an objective referring to a resident, an action, a prompt and a target) were identified. A simple environmental manipulation, namely redesigning the activity charts, led to an increase in writing complete behavioural objectives. Experimental control was demonstrated using a multiple baseline design across two groups of staff. Nurse compliance with writing adequate prompts and targets was less than compliance with writing names and behaviours. Greater degrees of compliance may require alternative methods of staff management such as feedback procedures.

Behavior Therapy↗
PubMed1988

A functional analysis of multiple aberrant responses: a refinement and extension of Iwata et al.'s (1982) methodology.

This study extends an operant methodology for the analysis of variables which control aberrant responses displayed by mentally handicapped people. The proportion of time spent in individual, stereotyped topographies by three profoundly mentally handicapped subjects was observed by momentary time-sampling whilst they were repeatedly exposed to four analogue environments: Alone, Social Disapproval, Academic Demand and Unstructured Play. Two of the three subjects showed replicable effects of the analogue environments. One subject showed evidence of an interaction between stereotyped topography and type of analogue environment. This study shows that the operant methodology of Iwata et al. (1982), originally developed with self-injurious responses, can be successfully refined and extended to the analysis of a wider range of aberrant topographies.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Psychometric properties of the Social Training Achievement Record (the STAR profile).

Seven hundred and sixty-eight Social Training Achievement Records were collected independently in two settings during routine assessment of mentally handicapped people, mostly adults in hospital. All scales and total scores were highly internally consistent. Factor analysis on one sample yielded two factors named General Adaptive Behaviour and Community and Equipment Skills. This factor structure was replicated on the second sample. This factor solution is highly similar to that reported for the Adaptive Behavior Scale (Nihira, 1976). Two new scales were derived on the basis of these factor analyses which were also highly internally consistent. Parallel forms of these scales were also satisfactorily developed. Total scores and scores on the two new scales were adequate in routine clinical practice and showed good concurrent and criterion group validities. Reliabilities of individual items were less satisfactory. Suggestions for future developments of this scale are made.

Achievement↗
PubMed1980

Setting performance goals in geriatric nursing.

Behavioural techniques are increasingly being applied in the geriatric field as part of a broader emphasis on psychological and social treatments in the care of the elderly. The nurse is in the best position to analyse a patient's performance and manage an intervention programme; however, some nurses have had little experience of autonomously diagnosing problems and setting performance goals. The authors argue that it is important to set such goals and give examples of how performance may be objectively specified, prerequisites made explicit, criteria for success defined and the consequences of goal attainment or non-attainment discussed with those most concerned. A complex situation drawn from the geriatric setting which was used as part of a teaching workshop to help nurses define suitable targets for intervention is described in the Appendix.

Aged↗