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Biomedical subjects

A G Khomenko

Publications and source records attributed to A G Khomenko.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1996

Serodiagnosis of tuberculosis: detection of mycobacterial antibodies and antigens.

SETTING: The diagnosis of tuberculosis is based primarily on identification of mycobacteria and on clinical evidence. Recently, serological studies have been widely used experimentally as a diagnostic approach. OBJECTIVE: The aim of our study was to optimize serodiagnosis of tuberculosis by detecting mycobacterial antigens and antibodies in sera from patients with lung tuberculosis, non-related diseases and healthy controls. DESIGN: Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv was disintegrated by pressure. Cell walls were extracted with 3 M KCL and were subjected to gel filtration in Toyopearl gel. Immune sera were prepared by immunization of rabbits with cell wall material. Anti H37Rv antibodies were purified by affinity chromatography. The reagents obtained were used to detect serum antibodies and antigens (following immune complex dissociation) using ELISA. RESULTS: Using fraction 6 of cell wall extract, antibodies were detected in 72.2% of TB patients; there were no positive reactions in control subjects. By use of affinity-purified antibodies, antigens were detected in 77.1% of TB patients, 10% of patients with unrelated diseases and 6.7% of healthy controls. CONCLUSION: Effective serodiagnosis of tuberculosis can be achieved only by combining detection of both circulating antibodies and antigens using highly specific purified reagents and immune complex-dissociated sera.

Antibodies, Bacterial↗
PubMed1996

[Drug therapy of tuberculosis: history and present-day status].

Historical aspects of early and present-day chemotherapy of tuberculosis have been summarized for 5 decades. Chemotherapeutic approaches are specified in relation to different tuberculosis forms, duration, extension, bacterial discharge. 4 categories of patients at different treatment stages are recognized. The terms of after treatment cessation of bacterial discharge and cavern closure are detailed.

Antibiotics, Antitubercular↗
PubMed1996

[Diagnosis and treatment of acute progressive tuberculosis types].

An examination was made of 77 patients with extensive segmentary and lobular pulmonary tuberculous lesions: caseous pneumonia (n = 26), infiltrative caseous pneumonia (n = 18), fibrocavernous pneumonia complicated by caseous pneumonia (n = 16), and disseminated tuberculosis (n = 17). All patients had destructive changes; in 82.7% of patients the caverns were large and great in size. Bacteria were isolated in 94.8%, mycobacterial drug resistance was noted in 51.8%. Four variants of the course of a disease were identified: 1) that with predominance of the intoxication syndrome (41.6%); 2) that with respiratory failure (24.7%); 3) that with pulmonary hemorrhage (15.6%), 4) that added by secondary microorganisms (18.2%). Chemotherapy included a combination of 4 or 5 drugs along with pathogenetic tools, which stabilized a process in 80% of patients and arrested bacterial isolation in 69.5%. In 20%, the process continued to progress and in 3 of them died.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1996

[Efficacy of chemotherapy of pulmonary tuberculosis drug-resistant m.tuberculosis].

M. tuberculosis examined in 717 patients with pulmonary tuberculosis appeared resistant to chemotherapy in 67.2% of cases. Whereas chronic patients developed drug resistance (DR) as secondary DR in 90.2% of cases, new cases with DR (50.1% of the examinees) seemed to be infected with drug-resistant M. tuberculosis. 2-stage chemotherapy with 4-5 drugs terminates bacterial discharge within first 3 months of treatment in the majority of the patients, especially if early correction of chemotherapy is used by the results of early determination M. tuberculosis drug sensitivity.

Antitubercular Agents↗
PubMed1996

[Dynamics of isolation of mycobacterium tuberculosis during 2-stage standard chemotherapy].

Two-stage standard chemotherapy was performed in 149 newly detected patients with pulmonary tuberculosis, by isolating Mycobacteria. Within the first 2 months, the patients received 4 drugs: isoniazid, rifampicin, pyrazinamide, streptomycin or ethambutol. Treatment with two agents (isoniazid and rifampicin) was continued for 4 months. Mycobacterial isolation was stopped in 104 patients after 2 months of treatment, in other 26 after 3 months, which amounts to 80.2%. Higher therapeutical results were observed in patients who had isolated Mycobacteria resistant to 1 and even 2 drugs.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

[Increased apoptosis of immunocompetent cells as a possible mechanism in the development of immunodeficiency in patients with acutely progressive tuberculosis].

The formation of immunodeficiency whose likely mechanism is apoptosis of some immunocompetent cells was studied in 35 patients with caseous pneumonia. The leading clinical sign of apoptosis in acutely progressive tuberculosis is significant lymphopenia (4-10%). Immunological studies indicated a substantial reduction in the count of T lymphocytes and their regulatory subpopulations of different phenotypes. In vitro mitogenic induction causes a decline of activated CD3+, CD4+, and CD8+ cells on the average by 10-40%, a decrease in the proliferative and synthetic functions, as compared with those in patients with infiltrative tuberculosis of the lung and healthy donors. Cytochemical findings in the same patients show that half the lymphocytes in the blood samples from patients with caseous pneumonia has profound intracellular metabolic disturbances. These cells are unavailable and undergo apoptosis, which determines immunodeficiency in patients with acutely progressive tuberculosis.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1996

[Sarcoidosis: 25-year clinical follow-up].

Based on the follow-up of 1,600 patients with sarcoidosis from 1971 to 1996, the authors analyzed the value of various methods for identifying the disease, the frequency and nature of misdiagnoses. They showed the efficiency of basic treatments in patients with sarcoidosis: corticosteroidal hormones, nonhormonal antiinflammatory drugs, plasmapheresis, and physiotherapy. Recurrencies and progression were seen in 23.85% of patients. The likely causes of recurrent sarcoidosis are considered. It is concluded that recurrencies are one of the important problems of modern sarcoidosis.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

[Occupation exogenous allergic alveolitis].

In 510 patients with exogenous allergic alveolitis (EAA), including poulterers (n = 110), tobacco growers (n = 116), wood workers (n = 132), cotton workers (n = 102), methods for detecting the diseases, its clinical features, course, and treatment were studied. The paper gives a scheme of alveolitis development. The most effective detection methods were questionnaires and tests for specific serum antibodies. EAA runs more severely in poulterers and tobacco growers. Its management includes no contact with the allergen, as well as drugs and extracorporeal treatment. Fungal infection exerts a substantial effect on the course of the disease.

Alveolitis, Extrinsic Allergic↗
PubMed1995

[Clinical aspects and characteristics of the course of most common nonpulmonary localizations of sarcoidosis].

The most extrapulmonary sites of the sarcoidosis erythema nodosum, such as peripheral lymph nodes, skin, subcutaneous fat, heart, liver, spleen, and kidney are described in the paper. During a follow-up of 502 patients with sarcoidosis in 1986-1993, the incidence of sarcoidosis of extrapulmonary site was 18.9%. Erythema nodosum is regarded as a nonspecific allergic syndrome. Sarcoidosis of extrapulmonary site is characterized by multiple involvements, suppressed T-cell immunity, recurrence, which requires adequate treatment and continuous monitoring.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

[Current problems of pulmonary tuberculosis].

There has been recently a rise in tuberculosis morbidity rates in the countries of Western and Eastern Europe, in the USA. At the same time high tuberculosis morbidity and mortality rates have remained in the developing countries. Along with tuberculosis endogenic reactivation in adults, there is exogenic superinfection is observed, which causes tuberculosis, including that by multidrug resistant mycobacteria. In the latter, patients were found to have a prolong disease which is characterized by acute progressive forms. This leads to a downward trend in therapeutical efficiency. The high onset drug resistance requires that a combination of 4 or 5 antituberculous agents should be used early in the disease.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

[Effects of millimetric electromagnetic waves on regional blood flow and effectiveness of multimodal therapy of patients with pulmonary tuberculosis].

The impact of millimetric electromagnetic radiation (MER) on the natural history of the disease was studied in 54 patients with various types of pulmonary tuberculosis. The patients were treated using wavelengths of 6.4 and 7.1 mm on a YAVOR device. Following 10 sessions of MER therapy used in combination with specific drugs, caverns were found to close in 50% of patients at months 2-3 of therapy and in the controls at months 5-6. Infiltrative changes at the site of lesion resolved at weeks 2-3 of MER exposure, but in the controls at months 1-2 of drug therapy. In 5 (10%) out of 54 patients, regional blood flow parameters became normal, 27 (50%) patients were ascertained to have a partial improvement and 22 (40%) had no changes. No changes were seen in the controls as long as 2 weeks either.

Adult↗