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Biomedical subjects

A G Shaper

Publications and source records attributed to A G Shaper.

5 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1979

Epidemiology for geochemists.

Epidemiologists study the distribution and the determinants of disease in human populations. Geochemists may be more concerned to find diseases to fit the observed patterns of geochemistry. This paper is concerned with the application of epidemiological techniques to the interrelations between health, disease and geochemistry, with particular reference to the hazards of man-made chemicals in the environment. Descriptive studies of disease in terms of person, place and time allow for crude comparison with the results of geochemical mapping and for the development of hypotheses. Analytical studies allow for the exploration of these hypotheses but demand careful sampling techniques and vigorous quality control. The epidemiological approach should be directed towards the identification of national/regional problems and of high-risk groups, the definition of priorities and the opportunities for preventative measures. The problems and possibilities for epidemiological research are illustrated from recent and current studies.

Cardiovascular Diseases↗
PubMed1979

Cardiovascular disease and trace metals.

Cardiovascular disease is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in the U.K. and other developed countries. In the U.K., mortality from coronary heart disease has increased progressively over the past 25 years, particularly in males. This paper examines the possible role of trace metals in the development of cardiovascular disease, with particular reference to the effects of cobalt, cadmium and lead in myocardial disease, atherosclerosis and hypertension. It is concluded that cobalt is an unimportant factor in community levels of cardiovascular disease, that cadmium has striking effects on blood pressure in animals and that there is some evidence for an association between environmental lead and high blood pressure.

Blood Pressure↗
PubMed1977

Dietary recommendations for the community towards the postponement of coronary heart disease.

The public has recently been confronted with many, often conflicting, recommendations about diet and reducing the risk of coronary heart disease (CHD). Dietary recommendations to the community designed to lower the risk of CHD should be specific, clear, and brief. People should be advised to reduce their intake of foods that are high in saturated fats and replace these partially with foods that are relatively high in polyunsaturated fats. This will lower both total fat and dietary cholesterol intakes and will also change the ratio of polyunsaturated to saturated fats.

Cholesterol↗