PubMed Health⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

A Gera

Publications and source records attributed to A Gera.

16 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

The complete nucleotide sequence of Passiflora latent virus and its phylogenetic relationship to other carlaviruses.

A virus identified as Passiflora latent virus (PLV) was isolated from passion fruit plants. Particle morphology, host range and serological properties suggested that this virus belongs to the genus Carlavirus. The complete genomic sequence of PLV was determined by sequencing overlapping cDNA fragments. The genome consisted of 8386 nt, excluding the poly (A) tail and contained six open reading frames, typical of carlaviruses. The overall similarities of the predicted amino acid sequence of PLV to those of other carlaviruses ranged from 25 to 73%. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that PLV was closely related to lily symptomless virus and blueberry scorch virus. This is the first report of the complete nucleotide sequence and genome structure of PLV.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed2004

Use of IgG Avidity test in case definitions of toxoplasmosis in pregnancy.

A survey network for congenital toxoplasmosis (TOXO-NET) was set up in December 1996 in Piedmont (Italy). Participants were asked to classify the infections in pregnant mothers and newborns by the criteria of the European Network on Congenital Toxoplasmosis published by Lebech in 1996. Because the IgG Avidity test is largely employed as a 2nd level test in toxoplasmosis diagnosis and it could be helpful to date infection, the co-ordinators of TOXO-NET suggested including it in the "case definition" of "probable" infection and "unlikely" infection. 117 cases of toxoplasmosis in pregnancy divided into the risk categories under Lebech's criteria were re-examined using the "new" case definitions. 77 out of 117 (65.8%) Toxoplasma gondii infections during pregnancy could be defined with only one serum sample using the IgG Avidity test. The IgG Avidity test proved a useful method to classify the Toxoplasma gondii infections in pregnancy, especially when we had only one serum sample.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

Characterization of a distinct carlavirus isolated from Verbena.

Avirus was isolated from Verbena plants that bore virus-like symptoms. The virus, for which the name Verbena latent virus (VeLV) is proposed, was consistently isolated from these plants, both with and without disease symptoms. Electron microscopy studies of ultrathin sections of infected Verbena tissues revealed the presence of elongated flexuous virus particles, ca. 650 nm in length. Its experimental host range was limited to Verbena spp. and Nicotiana clevelandii. No inclusion bodies or specific cytopathological effects, were observed. Electrophoresis of dissociated purified virus preparation in sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel revealed a major protein component with a molecular mass of 38.9 kDa. Polyclonal antibodies which could specifically bind to virus particles were produced. A portion of the viral RNA was cloned and sequenced; it comprised 2503 nucleotides and contained part of three open reading frames (ORFs) which from the 5' to the 3'-ends, potentially encode for 489 amino acids (ORF1), a 25.8-kDa protein (ORF2) and a 12-kDa protein (ORF3). Comparison of the predicted amino acid sequence with those of other plant viruses revealed 40-60% identity with several carlaviruses. In the light of particle morphology, absence of specific cytopathological effects in ultrathin sections, and genomic and serological properties, it is suggested that this virus belongs to the genus Carlavirus.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed2002

The route of tomato spotted wilt virus inside the thrips body in relation to transmission efficiency.

The route of tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) in the body of its vectors, Frankliniella occidentalis and Thrips tabaci (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) was studied during their development. First instar larvae were allowed, immediately upon hatching, to acquire virus from mechanically infected Datura stramonium plants for 24 h. The rate of transmission by adults was determined in inoculation access feeding test on Emilia sonchifolia leaf disks. Thrips tissues were analysed for infection at 24 h intervals after the acquisition-access feeding period, and assayed by the whole-mount immuno-fluorescent staining technique. The virus was initially detected in the proximal midgut region in larvae of both species, and then in the second and third midgut regions, foregut, and salivary glands. Occasionally the first infections of the salivary glands were already detected in one-day-old second stage larvae. The intensity of the infection in the various organs of the thrips of each species was positively related to the transmission efficiency. In both thrips populations good agreement was found between the percentage of second instar larvae and adults with at least one infected salivary gland lobe and the percentage of transmitting adults. These results support the contention that the virus must reach the salivary glands before thrips pupation in order to be transmitted by old second instar larvae and adults.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

Stylalgia: an Indian perspective.

OBJECTIVE: The main objective was to study the stylalgia profile in Indians and the outcome of styloidectomy in such cases. DESIGN: This prospective study was carried out by random selection of patients with stylalgia using periodic random numbers. SETTING: This was a hospital-based study. METHODS: Surgical excision of the symptomatic enlarged styloid process was performed by the transtonsillar route using a dilation and curettage (D and C) curette. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The patients were followed postoperatively for their pain relief. RESULTS: Of 40 patients operated on, 31 (77.5%) became symptom free, 5 (12.5%) had considerable improvement in their symptoms, and 4 (10%) had no relief. CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of an enlarged styloid process was found to be higher in an Indian rural population with female preponderance owing to their carrying of heavy weight on head. Styloidectomy was very rewarding. The D and C curette was found to be a very effective instrument for styloidectomy.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Multiple papilloma larynx.

Multiple papilloma of larynx is caused by human papilloma virus. We treated sixteen such cases (10 males and six females) in the last 10 years. All presented with hoarseness while six presented with difficulty in respiration. Three patients needed tracheostomy, all had difficult decanulation, and one developed laryngotracheal stenosis and could not be decanulated. All were treated by surgical excision; ten had recurrence. Four patients were treated with post operative Acyclovir with no recurrence in three cases.

Acyclovir↗
PubMed2000

Nasal mucociliary clearance in adenotonsillar hypertrophy.

The nasal mucociliary clearance time was studied using Andersen saccharin method in 50 normal children and 50 age and sex matched patients of adenotonsillar hypertrophy, which was repeated one month after adenotonsillectomy. The normal mucociliary clearance time in healthy children was found to be 8.55 +/- 2.11 minutes. A significant impairment in nasal mucociliary clearance time was noted in children suffering with adenotonsillar hypertrophy which was 16.97 +/- 3.1 minutes, and early adenotonsillectomy restored the mucociliary clearance to a normal 8.7 +/- 2.14 minutes.

Adenoidectomy↗
PubMed2000

Conservative management of malocclusion in mixed dentition.

The treatment planning in mixed dentition period has changed from extraction to non extraction. Any orthodontic treatment must take into consideration the growth trends and the pubertal growth spurt. The two cases presented here were treated during mixed dentition period in different ways: one with fixed appliances and the other with removable myofunctional appliance therapy, with satisfactory results. Hence for a conservative treatment approach, the non-extraction treatment is recommended in mixed dentition period.

Child↗
PubMed1999

A cDNA from tobacco codes for an inhibitor of virus replication (IVR)-like protein.

We have shown previously that localization of tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) in tobacco is associated with a ca. 23 kDa protein that inhibits replication of several plant viruses. This protein, named 'inhibitor of virus replication' (IVR), was purified from the medium of TMV-inoculated protoplasts derived from Nicotiana tabacum cv. Samsun NN. IVR was shown to be present also in induced-resistant leaf tissue of N. tabacum cv. Samsun NN. We prepared an expression cDNA library from such induced-resistant tissue and screened it with a polyclonal antibody raised against the IVR protein. A 1016 bp clone (named NC330) containing a 597 bp open reading frame, coding for a 21.6 kDa polypeptide, was isolated. The NC330 clone hybridized with RNA from induced-resistant tissue from N. tabacum cv. Samsun NN but not with RNA from non-induced tissue. Likewise, it did not hybridize with RNA from infected or uninfected tissue of N. tabacum cv. Samsun nn. Similarly, the NC330 cloned probe hybridized with the RT-PCR products from RNA of the induced-resistant tissue only. In Southern blot hybridization the NC330 DNA probe detected several genomic DNA fragments in both N. tabacum cv. Samsun NN and Samsun nn. The size of the DNA fragments differed in Samsun NN and Samsun nn. We suggest that DNA encoding the IVR-like protein is present in resistant and susceptible N. tabacum genotypes, but is expressed only in NN. We have inserted the NC330 into the expression vector pET22b and a 21.6 kDa protein was produced in Escherichia coli that reacted in immunoblots with the IVR antibody. This protein greatly reduced replication of TMV in N. tabacum cv. Samsun nn leaf disk assays.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1998

Early development of transient hypothyroidism after I131 therapy for thyrotoxicosis.

295 patients of Graves' disease were studied for early development of transient hypothyroidism (TH) and its prognostic value following I131 therapy. 278 patients received I131 < 10 mci (6.4 +/- 1.7 mci) and 17, a dose of > 10 mci (12.6 +/- 2.6). TH was diagnosed on the basis of low T4 regardless of TSH within the first year after I131 therapy followed by normal T4 and TSH. 32 patients developed TH following administration of < 10 mci I131 and it was symptomatic in 10 patients. No instance of TH after high dose of I131 was noted. I131 uptake > 60% at 2 hours before treatment was a risk factor for developing TH (odds ratio 2.6, 95% confidence interval 0.8-9.6). At diagnosis of TH basal TSH was high in 53%, normal in 32%, or low in 15%; Hypothyroidism recognized during the first six months with basal TSH of 50 microU/ml or higher ruled out TH. Development of TH and its hormonal profile did not influence long term thyroid functions. As no prognostic factors predicted TH before I131 therapy or at the time of diagnosis, re-evaluation of thyroid functions later is essential to avoid unnecessary chronic replacement therapy, if hypothyroidism has been diagnosed within a few months of I131 treatment.

Female↗
PubMed1989

Use of monoclonal antibodies in the purification of an inhibitor of virus replication by affinity chromatography.

Mouse monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) were prepared to an inhibitor of virus replication (IVR), released from protoplasts or leaf tissue of hypersensitive tobacco plants infected with tobacco mosaic virus. The MAbs were highly specific for IVR and reduced its antiviral activity. Using these MAbs in affinity chromatography enabled the recovery of purified IVR. SDS-PAGE of the immunoaffinity-purified IVR gave a single Mr 23K band. Immunoblots of IVR from extracts of protoplast or leaf tissue also revealed a single Mr 23K band which suggests that protoplast and tissue IVR are closely related.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1985

Antiviral activity of natural and recombinant human leukocyte interferons in tobacco protoplasts.

Several purified species of human leukocyte interferon, including recombinant interferons, inhibit the multiplication of tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) in tobacco protoplasts derived from various cultivars. Viral RNA accumulation was determined by dot-blot hybridization to specific cDNA probes, and virus antigen was determined serologically. Interferon apparently inhibited both TMV-RNA replication and its expression into coat protein. However, these effects were of limited duration. Maximum effect was obtained when interferon was applied to the cells either prior to inoculation or within the first hour after inoculation. Antibodies to interferon abolished its antiviral activity in protoplasts. Tobacco protoplasts were about 1000 times more responsive to interferon than the reference animal viral-cell system and showed an "antiviral state" at a ratio of 1 molecule of interferon per cell.

DNA Replication↗
PubMed1984

5'-dephosphorylated 2',5'-adenylate trimer and its analogs. Inhibition of tobacco mosaic virus replication in tobacco mosaic virus-infected leaf discs, protoplasts, and intact tobacco plants.

The effect of the 5'-dephosphorylated 2',5'-adenylate trimer and its 2',5'-trimer core analogs on the inhibition of tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) replication was determined in tobacco leaf discs, protoplasts, and whole tobacco plants, using infectivity tests and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. A structure-activity-metabolic stability-toxicity analysis of the 2',5'-adenylate trimer core molecule in TMV-infected Nicotiana glutinosa was determined. Modification at either the 6-amino position of the adenylate residues (i.e. inosinate trimer core) or at the 2' terminus (i.e. A-A-ara-A or A-A-Tu) inhibited replication of TMV. Modification of the 3'-hydroxyl group of the adenylate residues to 3-deoxyribose (i.e. the 2',5'-cordycepin trimer core) inhibited TMV replication better than the 2',5'-adenylate trimer core molecule. With enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, there was complete inhibition of TMV replication by 200 nM 2',5'-adenylate trimer core for 60 h and by 200 nM 2',5'-cordycepin trimer core for 96 h. The amount of 2',5'-oligonucleotides associated with the leaves was determined using 2',5'-[3H]cordycepin trimer core; 1 X 10(-12) mol/cm2 of plant leaves inhibited TMV replication by 99%. No 2',5'-phosphodiesterase activity was detected in TMV-infected and noninfected leaf extracts. Therefore, the 2',5'-trimer cores were potent inhibitors of TMV replication at nanomolar concentrations, i.e. at 1000-fold lower concentration than that required in mammalian systems.

Adenosine↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Inhibitor(s) of virus replication (IVR) and localization of viruses in plants.

A substance(s) inhibiting virus replication (IVR) is released into the medium from tobacco mosaic virus-infected protoplasts of a cultivar in which the infection in the intact plant is localized. IVR inhibited virus replication in protoplasts from both resistant (Samsun NN) and susceptible (Samsun) plants, when applied up to 18 h after inoculation. It was not produced in protoplasts from susceptible plants or from noninoculated protoplasts of the resistant cultivar. IVR was partially purified using ZnAc2 precipitation, and yielded two biologically active principles with molecular weights of about 26,000 and 56,000 daltons. Preliminary results indicate that IVR inhibits replication of TMV and several other non-related viruses when applied to inoculated leaf disks.

Antiviral Agents↗