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Biomedical subjects

A German

Publications and source records attributed to A German.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1990

[Prevention and therapeutical trials of a few current viral diseases].

Vaccines afford now good prevention of many viral diseases including Hepatitis B. In revenge, attempts of immunization against Herpes Virus types I and II did not result in large scale application of vaccination. Research for a vaccine against HIV encounters many difficulties due to virus variability and host reactions. The introduction of nucleosides analogues represented a great advance for antiviral chemotherapy. Weakly toxic drugs although efficacious against Herpes Virus replication are now available but they do not seem to prevent viral recurrences. As for HIV, its sensitivity to drugs like AZT has raised great hopes which were limited by their intrinsic toxicity. However, research and trials for more efficacious but less toxic drugs are further being developed.

HIV Infections↗
PubMed1990

[In vitro evaluation of antimicrobial activity of fusafungine].

Fusafungine is an antibiotic extracted from the fungus Fusarium laterium WR strain 437. The antimicrobial activity of fusafungine was determined on strains from laboratory collections and clinical isolates; since fusafungine is not soluble in the classical media, the usual techniques had to be modified. MICs for all the Gram-positive cocci and bacteria tested, aerobic, or anaerobic, were below 30 mcg/ml. The antimicrobial activity included Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MIC less than 18 mcg/ml) and Streptococcus mutans (MIC less than 30 mcg/ml). An antifungal activity was shown for most of the Candida albicans tested (MIC less than 32 mcg/ml) and for different Nocardia sp. (MIC less than 13 mcg/ml). Moreover, fusafungine induced neither acquired resistance nor cross-resistance towards the antibiotics classically used in therapy.

Aerosols↗
PubMed1990

Examination and analysis of seat belt loading marks.

In moderate to severe collisions, large decelerations and hence large forces are generated. Various components of the seat belt system are loaded, and physical evidence of this loading may be observed long after the collision event. Such witness marks result from interaction between different components of the restraint system, or between the restraint and portions of the vehicle interior. Detailed examination and analysis of such marks can establish whether or not the seat belt was in use, and also the precise manner in which the seat belt was worn. Such investigative techniques are critical for evaluating the collision performance of occupant restraint systems, and for positively identifying cases of restraint system misuse. This paper reviews the types of physical evidence which may be observed to determine restraint usage.

Accidents, Traffic↗
PubMed1988

Potentiating the effectiveness of influenza vaccination by a combined immunostimulation with P40 immunomodulator: an experimental study in mice.

Influenza vaccination is highly desirable in view of the epidemic character of this infection and of the severity that it can assume in high-risk and in elderly persons. Its effectiveness varies from 40-90%. Moreover, strains can undergo an antigenic drift in the course of an epidemic. Consequently, reinforcement of the immunogenicity of vaccines is required for achieving a more complete immunization coverage. Combination of an immunomodulator, the C. granulosum-derived P40 fraction, with influenza vaccine resulted in significant potentiation of vaccine immunogenicity. In addition to its adjuvant action, the P40 is also likely to exercise a protective effect by stimulating the non-specific immune defenses of the organism.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗
PubMed1987

Relation between protective potency and specificity of antibodies in sera of tetanus immunized individuals.

Out of 157 human sera analyzed for antitetanus antibody content by ELISA, 13 turned out to contain only anti-BIIb antibodies, of which 8 proved to be neutralizing. Of these, the 3 sera 303, 306 and 312 together with a commercially available standard preparation of human antitetanus immunoglobulins were further analyzed as to their antibody composition by ELISA using plates sensitized with either the toxoid or various tetanus toxin-derived fragments. It was verified that the protective potency of these antisera was related mainly to their anti-BIIb antibody content. Adsorption experiments confirmed that anti-BIIb antibodies were primarily involved in toxin neutralization, although the presence of high levels of both anti-alpha and anti-Ibc antibodies could confer neutralizing capacity on the sera. A rabbit antiserum raised with the BIIb fragment resulted in a neutralizing antiserum that allowed us to calibrate the ELISA with the anti-BIIb antibodies as International Units.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Immunity to tetanus: tetanus antitoxin and anti-BIIb in human sera.

Immunity to tetanus was investigated in 157 individuals aged between 1 and 77 years using, for the evaluation of both tetanus antitoxin and antibody to fragment BIIb (anti-BIIb), an easily performed ELISA that gave reproducible results. Among these people 72% were protected against tetanus (tetanus antitoxin titres greater than 0.06 IU ml-1). Anti-BIIb titres greater than 0.15 U ml-1 were found in 75% of the males vs 57% of the females (P less than 0.02) with marked variations according to age. Furthermore, 13 out of 41 individuals with antitoxin titres less than 0.06 IU ml-1 (not protected against tetanus) were found to have anti-BIIb titres greater than 0.15 U ml-1. These data raise questions as to the significance and protective effect of anti-BIIb against tetanus.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Role of interferon, antibodies and macrophages in the protective effect of Corynebacterium parvum on encephalomyocarditis virus-induced disease in mice.

Treatment of mice with Corynebacterium parvum enhances their resistance to encephalomyocarditis (EMC) virus infection. In EMC-virus-infected mice, pretreated with C. parvum, neither interferon production nor antibody responses were increased. A decrease of virus recovery was observed in cultures of macrophages taken from the peritoneum of mice early after injection of C. parvum and infected with EMC-virus in vitro. The data suggest that C. parvum acts by increasing intrinsic antiviral activity of macrophages.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Inhibition of [14C]aminopyrine uptake in rat isolated gastric mucosal cells by two classes of psychotropic agents.

Certain CNS-active compounds decrease gastric acid secretion in vivo. In this study a number of tricyclic antipsychotic or antidepressant compounds together with haloperidol, a nontricyclic antipsychotic agent, were shown to inhibit dibutyryl-cAMP-stimulated [14C]aminopyrine uptake, an index of acid secretory activity in a rat isolated gastric mucosal cell preparation. The observed order of potency was: thioridazine greater than chlorpromazine greater than haloperidol approximately equal to desipramine approximately equal to imipramine greater than clozapine. Comparison of these potencies with those of the known (H+ + K+)ATPase inhibitors timoprazole and omeprazole revealed that the potency of timoprazole was similar to the one of clozapine while omeprazole was intermediate between thioridazine and chlorpromazine. Pirenzepine was ineffective.

2-Pyridinylmethylsulfinylbenzimidazoles↗
PubMed1986

[Effect of the administration of killed Lactobacillus acidophilus on the survival of suckling mice infected with a strain of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli].

After oral administration of 10(2) to 10(5) CFU of Escherichia coli B41 (0101:K 99+:ST+) to 24-48 h old suckling mice (Swiss OF1), a 80 to 100% mortality rate is observed within three days. We compared the effect of the oral treatment with a lyophilized preparation of heat-killed Lactobacillus acidophilus and with sterile water on the mortality rate of newborn mice. In six out of seven assays, the heat-killed L. acidophilus administration extended survival of infected suckling mice (P ranging from 0.019 to less than 0.001). In another test, result was contradictory. A global analysis indicated that the two treatments were statistically different (P less than 0.001). Lactic acid was unable to induce protection.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Influence of inhaled cadmium microparticles on mouse influenza pneumonia.

A study of the effect of inhaled cadmium microparticles (CdO) on the mouse death rate from influenza pneumonia was performed on 936 female specific pathogen-free (SPF) Swiss mice. The test animals received a single short (15 min) exposure to 9 mg Cd/m3 of air (acute exposure), or renewed short exposures to 1 mg/m3 once a day, 5 days a week, for 4 weeks (chronic exposure). The cadmium found in the trachea-bronchus-lung area was about 5 micrograms/g of fresh tissue at the end of acute exposure, and 4 micrograms/g at the end of chronic exposure. The viral challenge was performed 48 hr after acute exposure, or on the 14th day after the beginning of chronic exposure, the mice being reexposed to Cd for an additional 14 days in the latter case. Surprisingly, the infectious death rate of test mice was significantly lower than that of controls, both for acute and chronic exposure to CdO. These results are discussed.

Aluminum Oxide↗