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Biomedical subjects

A Ghisolfi

Publications and source records attributed to A Ghisolfi.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2000

Alzheimer disease: protective factors.

Approximately 6-8% of all persons aged >65 y have Alzheimer disease and the prevalence of the disease is increasing. Any intervention strategy aimed at decreasing risks or delaying the onset of the disease will therefore have a substantial effect on health care costs. Nutrition seems to be one of the factors that may play a protective role in Alzheimer disease. Many studies suggest that oxidative stress and the accumulation of free radicals are involved in the pathophysiology of the disease. Several studies have shown the existence of a correlation between cognitive skills and the serum concentrations of folate, vitamin B-12, vitamin B-6, and, more recently, homocysteine. However, nutritional factors have to be studied not alone but with the other factors related to Alzheimer disease: genetics, estrogen, antiinflammatory drug use, and socioeconomic variables. The objective of this article was to review recent studies in this field.

Aged↗
PubMed1999

Nutritional support and aging in preoperative nutrition.

In the past 20 years, an increased interest geriatric nutrition has induced researchers to document the distribution and magnitude of nutritional problems in the elderly population. It has been observed that the prevalence of malnutrition is greatly affected by the general health status and autonomy of the elderly. Among free-living healthy elderly persons, the prevalence of protein-caloric undernutrition is low. As health and functional capacities deteriorate with age, however, the prevalence increases dramatically to 30-65% of those in home care, nursing homes or in hospital. Formal nutritional assessment has typically been absent from most published programmes of geriatric evaluation and comprehensive geriatric assessment. This is frequently because of the lack of a specific validated tool to assess nutritional status in older persons and, at least partly, to explain this phenomenon. The Mini Nutritional Assessment was developed and validated on large representative samples of elderly persons to address these specific issues. Recent experimental studies have shown that advanced malnutrition is much more difficult to treat in the elderly than in younger adults. Trials of nutritional support using oral supplements or enteral tube feeding have shown improved outcome in those identified as malnourished on admission to hospital.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1997

[Simplification in locating and dissecting the levator muscle of the upper eyelid in surgery for ptosis].

BACKGROUND: While repairing eyelid ptosis by aponeurotic resection by anterior approach, the risk of damaging the levator complex and the conjunctiva is significant. In order to simplify the dissection between Müller's muscle and the underneath conjunctiva, we use a modification of the usual surgical technique. METHODS: Before the skin incision, the eversion of the upper eyelid allows to dissect the conjunctiva from the Müller's muscle under direct visual control, starting from the upper tarsal margin. A silicone band is then passed through the so created horizontal subconjunctival tunnel. The upper eyelid can be physiologically replaced, and the levator muscle aponeurosis exposed. The two ends of the band are then pulled on surface through two lateral incision performed close to the upper tarsal edge. Now the band plays the role of a useful landmark: every tissue above the band is levator complex; when stretched downwards, it points the upper edge of the tarsal plate. We operated by this technique 24 eyes, affected of acquired or congenital ptosis. Fourteen eyelids had already undergone ptosis surgery elsewhere. RESULTS: We achieved good-to-excellent results in all cases, without any important postoperative complications. CONCLUSIONS: The proposed manoeuvre makes easier the dissection of the inner aspect of the levator complex, because of the material control. Therefore it minimises the tissue trauma and the postoperative complications, particularly in complicated cases characterised by scarring and fibrosis.

Blepharoptosis↗
PubMed1990

[Ambulatory blood pressure in hypertension with dysautonomia].

The purpose of the study was to evaluate the interest of ambulatory blood pressure (BP) recording (ABPR) in the management of arterial hypertension (AH) with dysautonomia. The study concerned 8 hypertensive patients (pts), 5 men, 3 females 52 +/- 10 years old, with orthostatic hypotension (OH): BP was 162 +/- 19/87 +/- 16 mmHg and 129 +/- 15/76 +/- 8 mmHg in lying and standing position respectively. In two cases AH was associated with a central degenerative disorder whereas the six other pts had a diabetic dysautonomia: bad metabolic control (HBA1c 14.4 +/- 2.7%), and incipient or over nephropathy (4 pts). ABPR was performed in all pts during 24 hours (space-labs system). In these hypertensive pts with OH, the mean 24 hour-BP was surprisingly normal at 128 +/- 11/76 +/- 6 mmHg. ABPR demonstrated the loss of nocturnal decline in BP: diurnal and nocturnal BP were respectively 125 +/- 13/74 +/- 6 mmHg and 133 +/- 16/78 +/- 10 mmHg (NS). 6 of 8 pts had an increase in BP at night resulting for the population (n = 8) in a nocturnal increase (%) of + 5.6%, this pattern widely differs from controls--13%. The decrease in heart rate during sleep was blunted but significant from 89 +/- 9 b/min to 81 +/- 9 b/min (p 0.01). Diurnal and nocturnal BP variability (V), assessed by variation coefficient were not significantly different: SBP-V was 10.3 +/- 6.4% day and 12.3 +/- 4.2% night, DBP-V 7.5 +/- 6.3% day and 12.5 +/- 3.1% night.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Seasonal variations in rhegmatogenous retinal detachment as related to meteorological factors.

The seasonality of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment was investigated in 363 consecutive patients over the period 1974-1983 and compared to meteorological parameter variations over the same period. A highly significant correlation between rhegmatogenous retinal detachment incidence and light flux values was found. Light is suggested to act as a precipitating factor for rhegmatogenous retinal detachment in a damaged retina. The possible mechanisms by which the light could be responsible for retinal detachment occurrence are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

[The Gorlin-Goltz 5th phakomatosis: ophthalmological aspects of a case].

Phakomatoses are congenital diseases characterized by several neoformations affecting tissues originated from ectoderm. The most typical ophthalmic affection is the retinal hamartoma: it can be of angiomatous (Von Hippel-Lindau's Syndrome, Sturge-Weber's Disease) or neuroglioblastic type (Von Recklinghausen's Disease, Bourneville's Disease). In addition to the above-mentioned ones, some include among phakomatoses other diseases such as Louis-Bar's Syndrome, Rendu-Osler's Syndrome and, recently, Gorlin-Goltz's Syndrome. Authors present the case of a young girl, who in addition to the typical G-G's Syndrome osteo-cutaneous features was affected by retinal lesions of hamartomatous type. Photographic documents are displayed.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Clinicopathologic and immunologic characteristics of non-Hodgkin's lymphomas presenting in the orbit. A report of eight cases.

Of 325 consecutive cases of non-Hodgkin's malignant lymphomas, 8 patients (2.4%) showed orbital presentation. The clinicopathologic and immunologic analysis of the eight patients revealed characteristic biologic features. Despite the apparently isolated orbital presentation, all cases had subclinical systemic disease. Seven of the eight cases exhibited lymphoplasmacytic/cytoid features, with concurrent type II cryoglobulinemia in five of them. In addition, during their clinical course, five patients showed single or multiple subcutaneous nodules with the same histologic and immunologic pattern as the orbital tumor. This study demonstrates that most orbital lymphomas share particular clinicopathologic and immunologic features, suggesting an origin from a B-cell subset with preferential homing to orbital tissues and subcutis.

Aged↗
PubMed1985

[Angiomorphology of the ciliary body in diabetic disease].

The authors describe the pathological changes in the vascular structures of the ciliary body occuring in diabetes mellitus. The lesions consist of a quantitative reduction in the number of vessels and in modifications of diameter and arborisation. Changes include sectoral thinning, isolated and grouped aneuryms and marked tortuosity. These findings are thought to be constant in the diabetic patient and are probably involved in the various aspects of diabetic eye disease affecting other structures besides the ciliary body. The group of vascular changes in the ciliary body in diabetes may aptly be termed "diabetic ciliopathy".

Aqueous Humor↗
PubMed1980

[Ocular rotation and corneal reflexes (author's transl)].

The location of the corneal reflex (Purkinje's first image) produced by an electronic flash was studied at various degrees of ocular rotation both in adduction and abduction. A statistical analysis of the results showed a good correlation between the decentration of the corneal reflex and the degrees of ocular rotation. The results thus obtained give an experimental basis to the clinical use of the so-called Hirschberg test for measuring the strabismus angle.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

[Blood circulation of the optic nerve with respect to the development of glaucomatous papilla excavation].

Recent research findings in microvascular anatomy enable the authors to make as new suggestion regarding the arrangement of the intraorbital vasculature of the optic nerve. In anatomical specimens three separate zones can be identified, sharply delimited and each with its own source of blood supply. After briefly describing the vasculature of the distal segment (neck) of the optic nerve the authors report several new theories concerning the pathogenesis of glaucomatous cupping of the optic disk.

Glaucoma↗