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Biomedical subjects

A Giamundo

Publications and source records attributed to A Giamundo.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1996

Fronto-ethmoidal and orbital osteomas with intracranial extension. Report of two cases.

Osteomas involving the anterior cranial base are quite rare lesions. Intracranial and orbital extension of these tumors, causing neurological and ophthalmological symptoms and signs is a rare event. Two such cases are reported. In the first one, the tumor arose from the frontal sinus and extended upward to the medial and superior wall of the right orbital cavity and the lower part of the right frontal convexity. In the second case the osteoma arose from the left orbital roof and extended to the lower part of the homolateral frontal convexity and the splenoid wing. After the operation the symptoms disappeared and the cosmetic deficits were corrected. Skull-films, CT and MR well define the bony extension and the displacement of the orbital and intracranial structures. Indications to the surgery include progressive ophthalmologic and neurologic signs and significant cosmetic deformations. The surgical techniques and the postoperative complications are briefly discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Central neurocytoma: clinico-pathological study of 5 cases and review of the literature.

Five cases of central neurocytoma, confirmed by immunohistochemical and electron microscopy studies, are reported and 127 cases from the literature are reviewed. Central neurocytomas are more frequent than previously thought, and will be diagnosed with increasing frequency in the future, if intraventricular tumors with histological aspect of oligodendroglioma or ependymoma will be routinely studied by immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy. The occurrence of an intraventricular tumor with a typical MR aspect in a young patient should suggest preoperatively the diagnosis of neurocytoma. The positivity for synaptophysin and neuron specific enolase, the negativity for neurofilament protein and glial fibrillary acid protein, and the finding of elements of neuronal differentiation on electron microscopy, are the main pathological features of these tumors. Complete removal of the tumor mass without radiotherapy is the treatment of choice. The prognosis is usually favorable without recurrence.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Post-radiation cerebral lesions in adults.

For many years, the human brain was considered relatively resistant to therapeutic doses of radiation. With the increasing length of survival of patients irradiated for brain tumors, there have been reported long-term effects of radiation therapy due to inappropriate dosage, period of delivery, fractionation or field. Thus, randomized studies are needed both to optimize the radiation therapy technique than to integrate new therapeutic modalities into the management of patients with primary brain tumors.

Brain↗
PubMed1994

Leptomeningeal carcinomatosis: review of the literature.

Metastases from solid tumors that seed the leptomeninges (meningeal carcinomatosis) are an important neurologic complication of systemic cancer. Recently many authors have reported that its incidence is increasing; particularly it has been demonstrated for breast cancer and small cell bronchogenic carcinoma. A cytologic examination of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) establishes the diagnosis. Gadolinium-enhanced MRI has demonstrated superiority over other imaging with the clinical context and CSF analysis may lead to a rapid diagnosis and treatment of leptomeningeal carcinomatosis. Despite all measures, prognosis remains poor because of the presence of multiple metastases elsewhere.

Carcinoma↗
PubMed1993

Spontaneous cure of a ruptured intracranial aneurysm.

A rare case of spontaneous cure of an internal carotid artery aneurysm is reported; the progressive resolution of the spasm and the disappearance of the aneurysm have been confirmed by serial angiograms respectively performed two weeks, two months and four months after the hemorrhage. The other 14 reported cases of angiographically documented spontaneous cure of intracranial aneurysms are reviewed and the possible causes of spontaneous aneurysmal thrombosis, such as retarded cerebral circulation, arterial spasm, size of the neck, thrombosis of the feeding artery and antifibrinolytic therapy, are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Cerebral gliosarcomas: correlation of computed tomographic findings, surgical aspect, pathological features, and prognosis.

The cases of 5 patients with cerebral gliosarcomas examined by computed tomography are reported and the correlations among the computed tomographic (CT) findings, the surgical and histological aspects, and the prognosis are discussed. In some patients, these tumors appear on CT scan as intracerebral lesions, with large necrotic areas and peripheral contrast enhancement; this CT aspect, similar to that of glioblastomas, corresponds to a diffusely infiltrating growth of the tumor and the prevalence of a gliomatous component. In other patients, the tumor appears on the CT scan as a hyperdense mass with well-defined margins and homogenous contrast enhancement; this CT finding, which may mimic that of a meningioma, corresponds to a rather well-demarcated surgical aspect and the prevalence of sarcomatous component. In our series, we have also noticed a more prolonged survival in a patient with a CT aspect that suggested a meningioma and prevalence of the sarcomatous component.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Intracranial plasma cell granuloma.

An exceptional case of intracranial plasma cell granuloma, located in the right frontoparietal convexity in a 16-year-old boy is reported. Reports of these rare inflammatory lesions locate them primarily in the lungs and in other regions of the body, and only exceptionally in the nervous system; indeed, only three intracranial cases and one other arising from the spinal meninges have been reported. The computed tomographic and surgical aspects suggested a falx meningioma in our case. The pathological diagnosis differentiating these from other intracranial lesions with a plasma cell component, including meningioma with plasma cell infiltration and plasmacytoma, is discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Postoperative cervical pseudomeningocele.

A case of postoperative cervical pseudomeningocele in a woman submitted to laminectomy for protruded disc is reported. The patient was investigated by myelography and metrizamide computed tomography and surgically treated with a good neurological result. The other eight reported cases of postoperative cervical pseudomeningocele are reviewed and the role of metrizamide CT scan in diagnosing this unusual complication of cervical laminectomies is emphasized.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Cerebral edema associated with meningiomas.

Fifty patients with intracranial meningiomas have been retrospectively examined, and the cerebral edema on computed tomography scan has been correlated with the clinical evolution, size, location, and histological features of the tumor. The degree of brain edema was found to be related to the clinical evolution and the size of the tumor, whereas the histological features were less significant. These results are discussed after reviewing the data of five other series in the literature of this subject. A correlation between the tumor steroid receptors and edema is suggested.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Craniopharyngioma of the cranial base and nasopharynx.

A rare case of craniopharyngioma extending to the cranial base and nasopharynx is reported and eight other cases in the literature are reviewed. The embryology and the clinical features of these tumors are discussed. Tomograms of the skull and computed tomography are the most useful radiological tools of investigation. A nasoseptal or transpalatal approach to surgery, which has been performed in reported cases of cystic nasopharyngeal craniopharyngiomas, was not performed on our patient because of the hard consistency and the diffusely infiltrating aspect of the tumor.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Postoperative intracerebral haemorrhages remote from the site of the initial operation.

Two cases of postoperative intracerebral haemorrhages remote from the site of the initial craniotomy for saccular aneurysms are reported and the other cases from the literature are reviewed. Lack of a good postoperative recovery and the appearance of neurological signs not related to the site of the operation may suggest this complication, which is associated with high mortality and disability rate. The possible pathogeness of those postoperative haemorrhages is discussed.

Cerebral Hemorrhage↗
PubMed1986

Cystic lesions associated with meningiomas.

Three cases of meningiomas associated with large cysts are reported, and 58 other cases from the literature are reviewed. The etiology of these cysts is analyzed on the basis of surgical and pathological findings. The preoperative diagnosis of large computed tomographic hypodensities associated with meningiomas and the differential features from other cystic tumors are discussed. The surgical aspect of the solid tumor and particularly the absence of a capsule separating the tumor from the cyst are usually decisive in confirming the intratumoral nature of the cyst. In questionable cases a histologic evaluation of the cyst walls may be necessary.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Intracavernous giant fusiform aneurysm of the carotid artery treated with Gianturco coils.

A 30-year-old man with a giant fusiform aneurysm of the intracavernous segment of the right carotid artery, clinically revealed by right painful ophthalmoplegia with exophthalmos, was treated by closure of the carotid artery in the neck with two paediatric Gianturco coils. The aneurysm, which had already shown partial spontaneous intraluminal thrombosis on CT and angiography, was no longer filled and its volume progressively decreased, with almost complete recovery of the oculomotor deficits. Serial CT and angiography performed seven months after treatment demonstrated the reduction in size of the aneurysm, its exclusion from the circulation and a good supply of the intracranial vascular bed, without the necessity of an extracranial-intracranial by-pass.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Association of internal carotid aneurysm and temporal glioblastoma.

A 52-year-old woman had a right temporal glioblastoma six months after an operation for a right internal carotid aneurysm. In the literature there are no reports of gliomas arising in the region of a preceding craniotomy for an aneurysm. The rare association of brain tumours with arterial aneurysms and the pathogenetic theories are discussed. The authors suppose that in their case there is a relationship between the vascular changes due to the aneurysm and the operation and the growth of the malignant glioma.

Brain Neoplasms↗