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Biomedical subjects

A Giarola

Publications and source records attributed to A Giarola.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1989

[Ultrastructural analysis of human ejaculate from infertile subjects].

It has been demonstrated that the semen of infertile patients contains at high percentage of abnormal forms and no clear answer has been so far provided to the questions of which malformations are compatible with male fertility, which malformations are responsible for the infertility and which is the percentage of defective cells that gives rise to infertility. In this study the eiaculates of 56 patients of suspected male infertility were used as material. The semen samples were fixed for 2 hr at room temperature in 4% glutaraldehyde in 0.05 M cacodilate buffer + 0.018% CaCl2 + 6.6% sucrose, post-fixed in 1.5% OsO4 in same buffer + 6.6% sucrose, dehydrated and embedded in Spurr. The samples were sectioned with Reichert OMu3 ultratome. The sections, contrasted with uranyl acetate and lead citrate, were examined in a Feol M T8 E.M. The varieties of sperm malformations are described and classificated into morphological categories based upon the type of alteration and the cellular portion in which the malformation appeared. From this research we have got the following conclusions: 1) an absolute correlation between microscopical, ultrastructural defects and functionality of spermatozoa does not exists; 2) the submicroscopic analysis contributes to a more accurate definition of the eiaculate; 3) the high variability of the ultrastructural defects needs that the submicroscopical analysis of the human semen must be supplemented by a quantitative evaluation.

Humans↗
PubMed1989

[Cryptorchism yesterday and today. Update study programmed in interdisciplinary services].

It is more than 25 years that several Authors stress the need of an early treatment of undescended testis both mono or bilateral. The pathogenesis of undescended testis is still unknown, but some suggestions about the hormonal role has been formulated. From these considerations "interregional groups to study the cryptorchidism" has been formed, in order to use the same parameters of evaluation: auxologic studies, cytogenetic analysis, hormonal tests, dynamic hypophyseal functionality test, medical treatment, surgical treatment, biopsies, postoperative hormonal treatment, seminal evaluation after 20 years of life. From all these studies a protocol has been planned, including a treatment by HCG associated with urophollitropine as pure FSH stimulating effect and an eventual surgical treatment before the 5th years of life.

Chorionic Gonadotropin↗
PubMed1989

[Cryptorchism: long-term results in subjects evaluated in a conjugal infertility service (monolateral cryptorchism fertility)].

Infertile male subjects because of cryptorchidism have an overall rate of 0.5-1%. Undescended testis even if treated by surgery and/or hormonal therapy have a bad seminal map. However in Author's experience, the hormonal treatment give a significant improvement in terms of fertility. Biopsies carried out on undescended testis demonstrated an early cellular damage of the testis.

Cryptorchidism↗
PubMed1986

Testicular biopsy of azoospermic men with vas deferens malformation using two different techniques.

A morphological analysis was carried out on testicular biopsies of men with obstructive azoospermia as consequence of vas deferens malformations as compared with biopsies from fertile men. For each case the biopsies were processed with two different techniques: routine histological procedure, and semithin sections of specimens processed for electron microscopy. Four parameters were considered: tubular morphology, testicular biopsy score count (TBSC), tubular diameter, and germinal cell density. The data were quantified and analyzed by statistical tests. The biopsies of azoospermic men present a higher frequency of tubular sections with "tubular blockage," "sloughing" and cellular degeneration, lower values of TBSC, and lower germinal cell density. The results appear to be of relevant interest in relation to the existence of long-term testicular alteration following vasectomy.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

[Indications for hormone therapy of male secretory sterility].

The latest therapeutic approaches to male sterility with particular reference to endocrine criteria (homologous gonadotropins, GN RH and similar, androgens, antioestrogens, thyroid hormones, etc.) and the many complex diagnostic problems still encountered are reviewed. The experiment with homologous associated gonadotropins (hMG + hCG) is particularly interesting. A significant sample (3815 dyspermic subjects identified between January 1966 and September 1981 in the Niguarda-Ca' Granda Hospital's Fertility and Sterility (Clinic) revealed an apparently normal seminal report (at least at minimum values compatible with fertility) in 74.8% of cases and a positive biological refutation (onset of pregnancy in apparently normal partners) in 17.9% of subjects judged suitable for treatment.

Adrenal Cortex Hormones↗
PubMed1983

[Indications for hormone therapy of female secretory sterility].

Female dysendocrine sterility has displayed a statistical incidence of 3.4% since 1967 in Milan's fertility and sterility centres. It is always marked by clear-cut clinical situations. Of these, particular interest is attached to anovulation (62.4% of cases), both with the cycle and with anovularity, ovarian micropolycystosis (2.7%), both as Stein ovary and as micropolycystic ovary, disturbances of ovary endocrine secretion: lutein deficiencies (21.2%) in the form of both brief and inadequate luteal phase. Treatment is aimed at possibly discontinuous reinstatement of ovulation. Clinical and pharmacological experiments over the last twenty years have put forward many "inducers". Mention is made of four personal approaches: --clinical employment of homologous gonadotropins (hMG + hCG), sequentially rather than paired, when poor gonadotropin secretion accompanied by insufficient endogenous oestrogenic activity is the main feature. Investigation from June 1964 to December 1981, coupled with monitorisation and personalisation of the treatment, initially through daily checks of total and fractionated oestrogenuria, and in recent years preferably through plasma 17-beta oestradiol or urinary enzyme determinations, has given a different slant to the reported disadvantages of gonadotropic management: hyperstimulation frequent multiple pregnancies, frequent multiple miscarriages; --employment of GnRH or its analogues (indications virtually those for paired gonadotropins). Some uncertainties however, exist with regard to the contraceptive action displayed by the agonist and antagonist analogues at certain doses, and with regard to the antigonadic action GnRH appears to have, both in the depression of oestrogen and progesterone production and in the arrest of follicular maturation an ovulation; --a preference for clomiphene among the antioestrogens in cases of primarily hypothalamic dysfunction and in ovarian micropolycystosis, provided endogenous oestrogenic activity is within normal limits; --a preference for hypoprolactinaemic drugs (bromoergocriptine, lysuride) in PRL-dependency, marked solely by an appreciable increase in serum LTH, screened as functional by means of selective tests; --experimentation of epimestrol, mainly in cases of sterility due to lutein deficiency.

Abortion, Spontaneous↗
PubMed1982

The role of Yp in sex determination: new evidence from X/Y translocations.

A 33-year-old man had azoospermia and tubular atrophy as in the Klinefelter syndrome but short stature. He had a 46,X,t(X/Y) (Xqter lead to p22.3::Yp11 lead to Yqter) translocation and was H-Y antigen-positive. This excludes one of the genes controlling H-Y antigen from the terminal portion of the short arm of the Y chromosome. This case and the two similar ones in the literature indicate that the proximal Yp portion is required for the differentiation of a male gonad. The pattern of X inactivation was random in the patient's fibroblasts, whereas in the lymphocytes the translocated chromosome was preferentially inactivated; comparison with other cases shows that the quantity of Y chromosome material involved in these translocations does not influence the X inactivation patterns. In the three cases with this dicentric translocation the X chromosome centromere is consistently the active one. Our case indicates that the choice of which centromere is inactivated is independent of the replication pattern of the X chromosome. Our patient and a few other relevant cases from the literature confirm that factors controlling height are located on the distal portion of Xp and of Yp.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Ultrastructural study of the decapitated sperm defect in an infertile man.

An infertile man presented a spermiogram in which 100% of the spermatozoa displayed separation of head from tail at the level of the proximal centriole. Most tails were normally structured and ended anteriorly with the proximal centriole covered by a continuous plasma membrane. In a small percentage of tails a rudimentary connecting piece was surrounded by a minute cytoplasmic mass and the middle piece was missing, whereas the chromatoid body and the spindle-shaped body were still present. Finally, a few tails had a large cytoplasmic mass surrounding either regular connecting and middle pieces or a rudimentary connecting piece continuous with the main piece. Tails of the first type had good forward motility, although the pattern of movement appeared altered. The other types were immotile or motile but without forward progression. In the loose heads the implantation fossa had failed to differentiate. The separation of heads from tails appeared to be the result of a specific morphogenetic defect and took place at different stages of spermatid differentiation, giving rise to the structurally different types of tails.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Long-term multicentre trial with TA-RO CAP, a new spermicidal product.

326 healthy couples were selected to enter the trial of a new intravaginal contraceptive called the TA-RO CAP. The trial lasted three years. Clinical and laboratory examinations were performed periodically to determine the long-term effectiveness, tolerability and acceptance. Statistical evaluation of results was performed by life-table analysis.

Actuarial Analysis↗
PubMed1978

[Genital tuberculosis and sterility].

The incidence of genital tuberculosis in its active and silent forms in determining in female procreational incapacity can be evaluated at about 5.03% (0.27% in active phase, 4.76% latent): these figures come from the extensive series of three Milan marriage sterility centres covering some thirty years of clinical and out-patient work (a total of 294 patients with specific genital diseases, of whom 16 in developmental phase and 278 latent). Chemotherapy, which always involves a variety of medicaments (prevalently streptomycin-isoniazide-etambutol association or rifampicin-isoniazide) can consist of the following approaches, depending on disease characteristics: - attach therapy - particularly in initially exudative forms, in acute and subacute evolutive phase and in the acute recurrences of chronic, drug-sensitive forms - using massive doses for two-three months; - basic therapy - indicated in chronic and stationary periods - with simultaneous administration of the chosen drugs and breaks in the treatment, for a period of at least six-eight months; - consolidation therapy - to be carried out even when the cure is apparently complete so as to avoid relapses - with periodic cycles lasting at least ten-twelve months. The experience can be considered highly encouraging because, quite apart from clinical cure, gestation occurred in only six cases and these gave rise to eutocic deliveries.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

[Etiopathogenetic and clinical notes on the syndrome of the micropolycystic hyperandrogenic ovary and matrimonial sterility].

The nosological, clinical, aetiopathogenetic and therapeutic aspects of hyperandrogenic micropolycystic ovary are examined with particular reference to matrimonial sterility. There is not doubt about the existence of a syndrome substantially characterized, clinically, by menstrual trouble, inability to procreate, more or less evident signs of hyperandrogenism and a tendency to obesity and, morphologically, by ovarian micropolycystic alterations of typical pathognomonic aspect: the marked production of androgens on the part of the female gonad possibly accompanied by peripheral alterations interfering with their metabolism. The syndrome is not too frequent and, in personal experience, occurs in less than 1% of the series. The main therapeutic approach remains cuneiform resection of the ovary. Still in personal experience, 21.2% of cases treated led to pregnancy but not more than eight-ten months after operation. The effect would therefore appear to be transitory and the operation is decisively rejected where unmarried women are involved.

Androgens↗