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Biomedical subjects

A Gilbert

Publications and source records attributed to A Gilbert.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed2000

Two-stage flexor tendon grafting in children.

Two-stage flexor tendon grafting is a procedure to salvage severely injured flexor tendon systems. It is a complex procedure that requires a surgeon's experience and the cooperation of the child, parents, and a therapist. The results are best in older children (10 to 15 years old) when using the Paneva Holevitch's technique with a suture in the palm of the hand. A continuing problem is always the future of the graft and the growth potential in children.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

Management of purpura fulminans at the upper extremity.

A multidisciplinary approach often is needed, especially at the acute phase. Indeed, resuscitative treatment is first indicated. [figure: see text] Optimal time for surgery depends on the patient's status. Surgical management should be more aggressive than previously thought. Debridement of necrotic tissue must be performed when the eschar has demarcated to avoid infection. Escharectomy can improve the vitality of the distal segments by releasing the compressive mechanical effect. In the same vein, early amputations are likely to reduce the need for secondary revisional surgery. Necrotic tissue over a joint should be excised early and procedures to provide coverage by flaps should be undertaken to avoid osteoarthritis. Late sequelae are dominated by skeletal growth disturbances and require specific procedures.

Arm↗
PubMed1999

Electrophoretic transfer of proteins across polyacrylamide membranes.

The electrophoretic transfer of purified proteins has been examined in a Gradiflow "Babyflow BF100" unit. A number of factors affect protein separation within this preparative electrophoresis system. We established that the rate of protein transfer was proportional to the applied voltage. The transfer is slowest at the isoelectric point (pI) and increased the further away the pH was from the pI of the protein. Protein transfer was found to be independent of the ionic strength of the buffer, for buffers that excluded the addition of strong acids or strong bases or sodium chloride. Transfer decreased as the pore size of the membrane decreased. Finally, transfer was inhibited at high salt concentrations in the protein solution, but remained unaffected when urea and non-ionic detergents were added to the solution. To increase the speed of protein separations, buffers with low conductivity should be used. A pH for the optimal separation should be selected on the basis of the relative pI and size of the target proteins and that of the major contaminants.

Acrylic Resins↗
PubMed1999

Prodrugs of CL316243: a selective beta3-adrenergic receptor agonist for treating obesity and diabetes.

CL316243 is a highly selective and potent beta3-adrenergic receptor agonist, and has been shown in rodent models to be an effective agent for treating obesity and Type II diabetes. To improve the oral absorption and pharmacokinetic profiles of CL316243, a number of prodrugs have been synthesized and evaluated. Several ester-type prodrugs show significant improvements in oral bioavailability in both rodent and primate models.

Adrenergic beta-Agonists↗
PubMed1999

Hartmann's boutonnière: an anatomical study of digital neural loop penetrations in the palm.

We found neural loop penetrations by digital arteries in 47 of 51 dissected palms. They were classified into four types according to morphology. The most frequent type was observed in the proper digital nerves of the second to fourth interdigital spaces just after branching from the common digital nerves. If neural loop penetrations are not carefully identified at operation they may be damaged and therefore it is important for hand surgeons to recognize the existence of these structures.

Cadaver↗
PubMed1999

Restoration of wrist extension by tendon transfer in cases of obstetrical brachial plexus palsy.

Sequelae from obstetrical brachial plexus palsy are sometimes severe even after early microsurgical repair. Tendon transfer may improve hand function but to date, there is no large series that has been published on the results. Fifty-six children with obstetrical brachial plexus palsies were operated on for lack of wrist extension. A functional assessment scale was developed. Postoperatively, 42.5% of patients achieved an active wrist extension, 32.5% a static wrist extension. The extent of paralysis seems to influence the results. Some tendon transfert seems to give better results. The age at the time of transfert has no influence on the out come.

Birth Injuries↗
PubMed1999

Double second toe transfer in congenital hand anomalies.

A series of 14 patients with congenital hand anomalies who received staged double second toe transfers to the same hand for restoration of function or form were reviewed retrospectively. There were three children with constriction ring syndrome, two with symbrachydactyly and nine with transverse absence (failure of formation). There were different indications, technical difficulties and results with the various anomalies. All transferred toes were mobile and sensate, and were reported to be of benefit in both function and appearance. However, secondary surgical procedures were required in all patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

Arthroplasty of the proximal interphalangeal joint using the Sutter implant for traumatic joint destruction.

We report the functional results in a series of 21 Sutter arthroplasties for post-traumatic arthritis with an average follow-up of more than 2 years. The dorsal approach was used in every case. Pain was always present preoperatively and mobility was reduced to an average range of motion of 15 degrees. Postoperatively, pain was absent in 18 cases. The average active range of motion was 55 degrees. There were two fractures of implants. Although the follow-up is limited, the Sutter arthroplasty has given results that are similar to, or better than, those reported for other techniques.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

Direct demonstration of the endocytic function of caveolae by a cell-free assay.

The endocytic function of caveolae was challenged by taking advantage of a cell-free assay directly measuring the detachment of receptor-containing vesicles from isolated plasma membranes. Plasma membranes from cultured cells surface-labeled with 125I-cholera toxin (segregating in caveolae) were isolated as described previously. Following incubation of these labeled membranes in the presence of nucleotide(s) and cytosol, a significant proportion of the initially membrane-associated radioactivity was released into the incubation medium in sedimentable form (14*10(6 )g). Results of biochemical, morphological, and fractionation analysis of the material containing the released radioactivity directly demonstrated that caveolae are plasma membrane domains involved in an endocytic process and resulting in the formation of caveolae-derived vesicles. In addition, these studies allowed a direct comparison of caveolae- and clathrin-coated pit-mediated endocytosis and reveal that these two processes diverge in terms of kinetics, cytosol and nucleotide requirements as well as in terms of the density and size of the endocytic vesicles formed.

3T3 Cells↗
PubMed1999

Reliability of tinnitus loudness matches under procedural variation.

Repeated tinnitus loudness matches (LMs) were obtained to determine response reliability using a computer-automated technique with two procedural variations, fixed or random step sizes, to increase output level during the initial ascending series of tones at each frequency. Twenty subjects with stable, tonal tinnitus were evaluated with both methods during each of two sessions. Response instructions were displayed on a portable computer, and a pen device was used to make response choices that appeared on the touch-sensitive video monitor. For each method, hearing thresholds and LMs were obtained, with 1-dB resolution, at 1/3-octave frequencies from 1 to 16 kHz. Analyses revealed reliability of LMs to be equivalent between methods. LM data are reported in both dB SPL and dB SL, with the SPL values providing greater reliability both within and between sessions (all r's > or = .889, p's < or = .0001).

Acoustic Impedance Tests↗
PubMed1998

Delta F508 CFTR localizes in the endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi intermediate compartment in cystic fibrosis cells.

We have studied the localization of mutant cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator delta F508CFTR in pancreatic adenocarcinoma cells (CFPAC), which naturally express the mutant protein. Our goal was to investigate whether delta F508CFTR is strictly retained in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) or alternatively whether it can be transported beyond the ER and reach the endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi intermediate compartment (ERGIC). This compartment, defined by the presence of the 53-kDa protein ERGIC-53, was identified by subcellular fractionation and by immunofluorescence. Part of the delta F508CFTR population and ERGIC-53 showed similar distributions in membrane fractions analyzed on Nycodenz density gradients. Both proteins were present in density fractions distinct from the ones containing the ER marker proteins calnexin and Sec61. Immunofluorescence microscopy of CFPAC cells revealed some colocalization of delta F508CFTR with ERGIC-53. Following incubation of CFPAC cells at 15 degrees C, a condition known to block ER to Golgi transport, both ERGIC-53 and delta F508CFTR subcellular localizations were altered. By contrast, this temperature shift had no effect on the localization of the ER marker Sec61. Our observations indicate that the abnormal protein delta F508CFTR can leak out of the ER and reach the ERGIC. These results support the idea that this intermediate compartment plays a role in the trafficking events leading to retention and finally degradation of the misfolded delta F508CFTR protein.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1997

Mapping the active site of CD59.

CD59 is a widely distributed membrane-bound inhibitor of the cytolytic membrane attack complex (MAC) of complement. This small (77 amino acid) glycoprotein is a member of the Ly6 superfamily of proteins and is important in protecting host cells from the lytic and proinflammatory activity of the MAC. CD59 functions by binding to C8 and/or C9 in the nascent MAC and interfering with C9 membrane insertion and polymerization. We present data obtained from a combination of molecular modeling and mutagenesis techniques, which together indicate that the active site of CD59 is located in the vicinity of a hydrophobic groove on the face of the molecule opposite to a "hydrophobic strip" suggested earlier. In addition, removal of the single N-linked glycosylation site at Asn18 of CD59 resulted in an enhancement of complement inhibitory activity.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1997

[Results of brachial plexus surgery and replacement operations in traumatic brachial plexus birth injury-induced paralysis].

Since the development of microsurgical methods, the timing and concepts of surgery have significantly changed in obstetrical palsies. Because of the high axon regeneration potential in children, early and successful microsurgical reconstruction of the brachial plexus provides very encouraging results. Such successful nerve regeneration is the basis for secondary surgery which aims at complete restoration of function of the upper limb.

Arm↗
PubMed1997

Direct measurement of clathrin-coated vesicle formation using a cell-free assay.

Factors controlling the last stages of clathrin-coated vesicle formation were investigated using an assay allowing direct measurement of the detachment of these vesicles from the plasma membrane. Plasma membranes from cultured cells surface-labelled with 125I-alpha2-macroglobulin (a ligand that preferentially associates with clathrin-coated pits) were isolated by sonication of cells attached to a poly-L-lysine-coated substratum and incubated in the presence of nucleotide(s) +/- cytosol. A significant proportion of the membrane-associated radioactivity was released into the incubation medium in sedimentable form (14x10(6)g). The nucleotide and ligand specificities of this process together with the results of a series of biochemical, morphological and gradient analyses, led to the conclusion that measurement of the released sedimentable radioactivity provides a direct estimate of the formation of clathrin-coated vesicles from clathrin-coated pits. A morphological analysis of quick-frozen replicas of these membranes indicated that only the last stages of clathrin-coated vesicle formation were studied in the assay. Taking advantage of this cell-free system, we demonstrate that membrane-associated cytosolic factors and GTP-binding proteins, noteably dynamin, play a crucial role. Moreover, although these events can occur in the absence of ATP and Ca2+, optimal conditions for the formation of clathrin-coated vesicles require the presence of ATP, GTP and cytosol.

3T3 Cells↗
PubMed1996

Correction of syndactyly using a dorsal omega flap and two lateral and volar flaps. A long-term review.

The long-term results of a technique for correction of syndactyly are reported. The technique consists of a dorsal omega flap and a palmar anchor forming two palmar and lateral flaps. A long-term review was made of 50 patients with a minimum of 8 years follow-up operated over a period of 10 years. A total of 122 web spaces in simple, complex and syndromic syndactyly were operated on. Most patients achieved satisfactory reconstruction of the web spaces, resulting in a web of good shape. At long-term review, web creep was recorded in eight webs, and skin contractures in three fingers. This study shows the technique to be effective in reconstructing web spaces and in minimizing the prevalence of complications.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1996

Obstetric brachial plexus palsy associated with breech delivery. A different pattern of injury.

Most obstetric brachial plexus palsies are due to rupture of the upper roots in babies whose delivery was complicated by shoulder dystocia. If treated by early exploration and grafting, they have a favourable prognosis. We reviewed 36 babies who had had an obstetric brachial plexus palsy after a breech delivery and found that they had a different pattern of injury; 81% had avulsion of the upper roots. This injury cannot be treated satisfactorily by exploration and microsurgical grafting and carries a considerably worse prognosis for shoulder function.

Birth Injuries↗