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Biomedical subjects

A Gilliam

Publications and source records attributed to A Gilliam.

8 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2000

A Brg1 null mutation in the mouse reveals functional differences among mammalian SWI/SNF complexes.

Mammalian SWI/SNF complexes utilize either brahma (Brm) or brahma-related gene 1 (Brg1) catalytic subunits to remodel nucleosomes in an ATP-dependent manner. Brm was previously shown to be dispensable, suggesting that Brm and Brg1 are functionally redundant. To test this hypothesis, we have generated a Brg1 null mutation by gene targeting, and, surprisingly, homozygotes die during the periimplantation stage. Furthermore, blastocyst outgrowth studies indicate that neither the inner cell mass nor trophectoderm survives. However, experiments with other cell types demonstrate that Brg1 is not a general cell survival factor. In addition, Brg1 heterozygotes are predisposed to exencephaly and tumors. These results provide evidence that biochemically similar chromatin-remodeling complexes have dramatically different functions during mammalian development.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

Evaluation and technical assistance for successful HIV program delivery.

Agencies that provide HIV prevention programs (including agencies using science-based interventions) need to conduct evaluation to facilitate the transfer of effective interventions, provide ongoing assistance to intervention providers, document services provided, demonstrate effectiveness, and improve programs. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) assists health departments, community-based organizations, and other CDC grantees with evaluation by providing direct, customized technical assistance and written guidance. Together, these activities assist grantees in conducting evaluations that provide the information that grantees need as their programs develop.

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, U.S.↗
PubMed1998

T cells reactive to a single immunodominant self-restricted allopeptide induce skin graft rejection in mice.

Alloreactive T lymphocytes can respond to foreign MHC complexed with foreign peptides through the direct pathway of allorecognition and can additionally recognize allopeptides expressed in the context of recipient (self) MHC through the indirect pathway. To better elucidate how indirect pathway-responsive CD4(+) T cells mediate allograft rejection, we isolated and characterized a TH1 T cell line from BALB/c recipients of B10.A skin that responds to a defined immunodominant, self-restricted allopeptide, I-Abetak58-71. When transferred into BALB/c severe combined immunodeficiency recipients of B10.A skin allografts, this cell line specifically induced a form of skin graft rejection characterized by the presence of TH1 cytokines, macrophage infiltration, and extensive fibrosis. Recall immune responses and immunofluorescence of the rejecting skin revealed only the presence of the peptide-specific T cells within the recipient animals, with no evidence of a direct pathway alloresponse. These studies demonstrate that T cells reactive to a single self-restricted allopeptide can mediate a form of allogeneic skin graft rejection that exhibits characteristics of a chronic, fibrosing process.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Correlations of unique clinical, immunotypic, and histologic findings in cutaneous gamma/delta T-cell lymphoma.

Cutaneous T-cell lymphoma is a malignancy of T cells that express a clone-specific heterodimer T-cell receptor for antigen. The second recognized case of an epidermotropic malignancy of T-cells expressing gamma/delta T-cell receptor-expressing cells is reported. The immunophenotype of the malignant T-cells was CD3+, CD2+, CD7+, gamma/delta T-cell receptor+, CD4-, CD8-, and alpha/beta T-cell receptor-. The clinical features were remarkable for extreme epidermotropism with a scant dermal lymphomatous infiltrate. Profound keratinocyte necrosis occurred in areas of malignant skin infiltrates. Despite cutaneous lesions covering more than 50% of the skin surface of the patient, no adenopathy or splenomegaly was detected. The intense epidermotropism of this patient's gamma/delta T-cell receptor-expressing cells and the putative cytolytic properties of CD4- CD8- gamma/delta contributed to the destruction of epidermis. Remission was induced with a combination of electron beam and extracorporeal photochemotherapy.

Antigens, CD↗
PubMed1989

The efficacy of educational movies on AIDS knowledge and attitudes among college students.

University students from five classes were randomly assigned to seeing either a movie on AIDS or a movie on first aid. Six weeks later, both groups of students filled out a questionnaire measuring their knowledge of AIDS, attitudes toward AIDS, and attitudes toward homosexuals. In general, the differences between the two groups on the knowledge and attitudes measures were slight. In particular, there was little effect on social attitudes. The showing of one educational movie on AIDS (particularly the movie that was used in this experiment) appears to be insufficient to educate students on this issue.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1989

AIDS education and risk reduction for homeless women and children: implications for health education.

The most preferable approach to implementing an AIDS education program among homeless women would be to establish a systematic comprehensive procedure addressing political, social, economic, and health concerns facing the ethnic minority community. A pragmatic approach would be to implement health education programs within the closed environment of homeless shelters. Such programs should incorporate distribution of materials which include specific information about how AIDS can be transmitted and prevented using simple and culturally relevant language. Health education interventions should use former homeless women in addition to health educators in development of exercises to improve self-esteem, communication, and decision making skills as related to negotiation of safe sex with their partners. Implementation of this process may help health educators make a meaningful contribution to the promotion of AIDS education and risk reduction for HIV infection within the growing population of homeless women and children in the United States.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗