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Biomedical subjects

A Giusti

Publications and source records attributed to A Giusti.

36 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

Allele frequency distribution of two highly polymorphic DNA sequences in three ethnic groups and its application to the determination of paternity.

The allele frequency distribution of two highly polymorphic DNA sequences has been determined in three ethnic groups (American blacks, Caucasoids, and Hispanics) from the New York metropolitan area. The two loci examined were D14S1 and the flanking region of HRAS-1. The former was analyzed in EcoRI-digested DNA and the latter in TaqI-digested DNA. Approximately 700 DNA samples from unrelated individuals were digested with each of these enzymes and hybridized with the appropriate recombinant DNA probes. The size range of the DNA fragments detected for the D14S1 polymorphism varied from 14.3 to 32.5 kilobase pairs (kbp). The number of alleles identified under the experimental conditions used in this study was more than 40. For the HRAS-1 polymorphism, we have detected 18 different alleles varying in size from 1.85 to 4.5 kbp. Although the number of alleles observed in the different ethnic groups examined was very similar, the relative frequency of them varied significantly. The results presented here can be used as the basis for the utilization of DNA RFLP for the purpose of identity, such as paternity determinations or the analysis of forensic material. As an example, we have compared the results of paternity cases analyzed by HLA typing with those obtained with these two DNA polymorphisms. The values of paternity index and power of exclusion were similar by both procedures.

Alleles↗
PubMed1986

Application of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) polymorphisms to the analysis of DNA recovered from sperm.

Sperms, collected following sexual activity of volunteers, were processed to isolate high-molecular weight deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). These DNA samples were digested with particular restriction endonucleases and analyzed with probes that recognize polymorphic DNA regions within the human genome. The pattern of restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLP) detected by this test is identical to that observed with DNA prepared from blood of the male sexual partner. Therefore, RFLP analysis can be used to exclude or to determine the probable identity of an assailant in rape cases.

Base Sequence↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Influence of ACTH-(1-24) and plasma hyperviscosity on free radical production and capillary perfusion after hemorrhagic shock.

OBJECTIVE: The authors investigated the effects of ACTH-(1-24) and a high-viscosity solution in the restoration of microvascular function during resuscitation. They injected NG-monomethyl-L-arginine (L-NMMA) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) before ACTH-(1-24) in hamsters resuscitated with the hyperviscous solution to determine the role of ROS and NO in ACTH-(1-24) protective mechanism in the cheek pouch. Hemorrhagic shock (HS) was induced by withdrawing blood to reduce mean arterial pressure (MAP) to 30 mm Hg for 45 min. METHODS: Animals were injected with ACTH-(1-24) and resuscitated with dextran of low molecular weight (70 kDa) and a small amount (4%) of dextran of high molecular weight (500 kDa) plus ACTH-(1-24), or autologous (shed) blood withdrawn during HS. Microvascular effects were characterized by measuring blood flow, perfused capillary length (PCL), arteriolar diameter, and red blood cell (RBC) velocity. ROS were assayed at the beginning and after 45 min of HS and after 10 and 90 min of resuscitation. RESULTS: Resuscitation with either shed blood or dextrans 70/500 resulted in the restoration of MAP, whereas PCL, RBC velocity, and arterial diameter decreased significantly. ROS increased significantly after HS, 10 and 45 min of resuscitation. ACTH-(1-24) plus dextrans 70/500 increased MAP immediately; it increased vasodilation and PCL, and attenuated significantly ROS production and leukocyte adhesion during resuscitation. L-NMMA injected after 30 min of HS did not change the protection exerted by ACTH-(1-24) and dextrans 70/500, while SOD increased their protective effects. CONCLUSIONS: ACTH-(1-24) appears to enhance the protective effects on the endothelium exerted by increased plasma viscosity by significantly decreasing the oxidative stress and the leukocyte adhesion during resuscitation.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Endoscopic evaluation of the effects of indobufen and aspirin in healthy volunteers.

This is an outcomes pharmacodynamic study using Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory agents, particularly acetylsalicylic acid (ASA), have been shown useful in various cardiovascular disorders, but they can be a major cause of iatrogenic gastrointestinal injury. Newer NSAIDs such as indobufen, an inhibitor of platelet aggregation that acts by reversibly inhibiting the platelet cyclooxygenase enzyme, have proven to be as effective as the older NSAIDs and appear to have a better gastrointestinal tolerability profile. When the gastroduodenal tolerability of 10 days of oral treatment with indobufen or ASA was assessed in healthy adult volunteers using endoscopic evaluation and the modified score scale of Lanza, only 1 of 18 (6%) volunteers who received indobufen had an increased erosion score at the completion of therapy, compared with 6 of 18 volunteers who received ASA (33%). Overall, both drugs were well tolerated. These results suggest that indobufen has a lower incidence of gastrointestinal effects than other NSAIDs and should be useful in the management of patients with cardiovascular disease.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Description and analysis of allele distribution for four VNTR markers in French and French Canadian populations.

Allele distributions were determined for several VNTR loci in the general French Caucasian population, a French regional population from Brittany and in three French Canadian populations, residing either in Montréal or in one of two other regions in Québec. Allele distributions are highly polymorphic in all populations sampled. Despite a well-documented genetic founder effect in one of the populations, no disequilibrium was detected over all genotypes, within and between loci, for the data bases in this study. Moreover, there were no forensically significant differences observed between estimated frequencies of 1,964 Caucasian and non-Caucasian target DNA profiles estimated in any of the groups.

Alleles↗