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Biomedical subjects

A Golik

Publications and source records attributed to A Golik.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1995

Age-related ANP release in response to acute vs. chronic sodium loading.

Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) levels were studied in young (2-week-old) and old (age 20 months) rats following acute (20 mL/kg bolus of normal saline i.v.) vs. chronic sodium loading (high-salt diet for 21 days). In both groups serum ANP rose significantly 1 h post i.v. loading. However, the increment was greater in the old animals. On chronic sodium load, in the young group, ANP rose significantly on days 3 and 7, subsequently declining to baseline. In the old animals, no increase in ANP was noted throughout the chronic experiment. Twenty-four-hour urinary sodium excretion was similar in the two groups following acute or chronic salt load. The results suggest that: (1) The old kidney requires a greater ANP stimulus to excrete a given acute i.v. sodium load. (2) The relatively diminished elasticity of the old heart plays a major role in the exaggerated ANP release in response to a bolus i.v. load of saline. (3) The role of ANP in maintaining homeostatic renal sodium excretion during short-term sodium oral loading is different in the two age groups.

Aging↗
PubMed1994

[Bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia].

Bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia (BOOP) is an uncommon condition of unknown etiology which often responds to corticosteroids. It is characterized by cough, patchy pulmonary infiltrations and intra-alveolar organizing fibrosis. We report a 45-year-old man and a 70-year-old woman with BOOP and elevated liver enzymes. Corticosteroid therapy led to complete recovery.

Adrenal Cortex Hormones↗
PubMed1994

Pancreatic enzyme elevation in measles.

During an outbreak of measles in the period from May 1993 through February 1994, a 23-year-old woman with measles was admitted because of abdominal pain and vomiting. Moderately elevated levels of serum and urinary amylase were found. We investigated prospectively the next nine consecutive young adults hospitalized with severe measles. Pancreatic and other organ involvement was determined by serum and urinary amylase, serum lipase, and additional appropriate biochemical and hematological data. Four patients had elevated amylase levels in both serum and urine, whereas in one, serum amylase alone was increased. Serum lipase determined in eight patients was elevated in seven. In all patients elevated serum levels of aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase or lactate dehydrogenase were found. In seven patients serum calcium concentrations were below the lower limit of normal. Four patients had mild to moderate thrombocytopenia. This is the first detailed report of pancreatic involvement in young adults with measles. This abnormal finding, its possible underlying mechanisms, and the clinical significance are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Renal uric acid handling in non-insulin-dependent diabetic patients with elevated glomerular filtration rates.

1. Hypouricaemia is prevalent in diabetic patients. In most of the studies, the diabetic patients had some degree of diabetic nephropathy as evidenced by a decreased glomerular filtration rate and proteinuria. Therefore we studied renal uric acid handling in a group of type II diabetic patients with elevated glomerular filtration rates. 2. Eighteen type II diabetic patients with normal kidney functions and elevated glomerular filtration rate and a group of 18 healthy, age- and weight-matched control subjects, were studied. Serum fructosamine, creatinine and uric acid levels were determined. Twenty-four hour urine collections were obtained, and microalbumin, glucose, creatinine and uric acid, were measured. 3. The creatinine clearance was higher and the serum uric acid concentration was lower in the diabetic patients (P < 0.05). The 24 h urinary uric acid excretion and filtered uric acid load were similar in both groups. However, the derived parameters of uric acid clearance and fractional excretion were significantly higher in the diabetic patients (P < 0.002 and P < 0.05, respectively). A negative correlation was apparent between serum fructosamine concentration and serum uric acid concentration (r = -0.76). A positive correlation was found between serum fructosamine concentration and fractional uric acid excretion (r = 0.64) and between serum fructosamine concentration and filtered uric acid load (r = 0.66). A positive correlation was found between creatinine clearance and 24 h uric acid excretion (r = 0.61) and between creatinine clearance and filtered uric acid load (r = 0.82).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Creatinine↗
PubMed1993

Hereditary angioneurotic edema with severe hypovolemic shock.

Hereditary angioneurotic edema (HAE) is characterized by recurrent attacks of edema of the upper airways, face, and limbs, and/or abdominal pains sometimes mimicking surgical abdomen. Our patient, a 24-year-old woman, had undergone laparotomy on a previous attack, at which a large amount of serious peritoneal fluid and edema of the intestinal wall were found. This time she presented with severe abdominal pain and profound hypovolemic shock requiring replacement of great amounts of fluids in addition to fresh frozen plasma. There was no evidence of bleeding, and the patient recovered rapidly. Based on clinical and ultrasonographic grounds and findings on previous laparotomy, we concluded that the shock was produced by fluid sequestration in the peritoneal cavity and intestinal wall. We propose that patients with HAE who present with abdominal pain, hypotension, hemoconcentration, and leukocytosis form a distinct subgroup with a high risk of hypovolemic shock. This dangerous development should be anticipated in these patients.

Abdomen, Acute↗
PubMed1993

Effect of dietary manipulations on glomerular filtration rate of mice offspring of nephrectomized mothers.

We have previously reported that mice, offspring to uninephrectomized mothers, have greater than normal kidneys with supernumerary glomeruli. In this study we assessed glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in 40 mice offspring of nephrectomized mothers and 40 mice offspring of sham-nephrectomized animals aged 7 weeks. Each group was divided into 4 equal subgroups according to the following dietary manipulations: regular, high protein, high salt and high protein/high salt. At the end of 1 week, GFR was determined by 51Cr EDTA. In the first group, GFR was significantly greater in each experimental subgroup compared to control. In the offspring of sham-nephrectomized mothers, only the subgroup on the combined diet had a significantly greater GFR. We conclude that the capacity to raise GFR in response to dietary manipulations is greater in offspring of nephrectomized mothers. It remains to be elucidated whether the difference results from the increased number of nephrons or from an augmented single nephron GFR reserve.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Renal mononuclear cells secrete a factor triggering mesangial cell proliferation.

Thirty-six Charles River rats underwent left unilateral nephrectomy and 18 counterparts had sham nephrectomy. After 48 h the kidneys of all animals were removed, and renal mononuclear cells (RMNC) harvested. The RMNC were cultured in RPMI 1640 medium supplemented with either 20% fetal calf serum or sera procured from sham operated rats, or from nephrectomized animals. Ten days later the conditioned media of RMNC cultures were collected. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from sham-operated or nephrectomized rats were also grown in RPMI 1640 supplemented with 20% fetal calf serum, sham serum or post-nephrectomy serum. The conditioned media of PBMC cultures were also collected after 10 days. Mesangial cells procured from kidneys of different normal animals were cultured in DMEM/F12HAM cell culture medium supplemented with 50% of the various RMNC- or PBMC-conditioned media. Proliferation of mesangial cells grown in conditioned medium of post-nephrectomy RMNC which had been precultured with post-nephrectomy serum was significantly augmented compared with control or any other experimental situation. There was no statistically-significant difference between proliferation rates of mesangial cells cultured in any other medium of control or experimental RMNC or PBMC. We conclude that following unilateral nephrectomy, RMNC of the remaining kidney are activated to secrete, under a sustained signal of post-nephrectomy serum, a growth factor(s) stimulating proliferation of normal mesangial cells.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

[Cimetidine hepatitis].

A 41-year-old man with rheumatoid arthritis developed severe acute hepatitis 3 days after starting cimetidine for duodenal ulcer. Other causes were ruled out and he recovered after cimetidine was discontinued. Mild transient elevations of hepatic enzymes have been reported in 3.6% of patients taking cimetidine. However, only 12 cases of severe acute hepatitis associated with cimetidine, mostly secondary to idiosyncrasy, have been reported in the English literature. This rare but serious complication of cimetidine should be kept in mind.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1992

Effect of exercise training on glomerular filtration rate of mice with various degrees of renal mass reduction.

We studied the effect of repeated heavy physical activity on glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in healthy, uninephrectomized and experimentally uremic mice. Exercise consisted of running uphill in the inner surface of a rotating cylinder in ideal environmental temperature. In the control groups, no extra physical activity was imposed. In sham-operated and nephrectomized mice, GFR rose significantly following training. By contrast, GFR did not change significantly in the exercised mice with experimental renal failure 24 h following the last exercise session. During the same period, no significant change was observed in GFR of any of the control groups. Following training in each experimental group, mean aortic blood pressure as well as fractional kidney weight (kidney weight/body weight) were not different from the respective controls. Our results indicate that the capacity to augment GFR by physical training is dependent upon the amount of remaining functional renal tissue.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Postnephrectomy mesangial cells secrete a factor(s) that stimulate(s) tubular cell growth in vitro.

Rat kidney mesangial cells were procured from 5 sham-operated and 10 previously uninephrectomized rats. They were grown in cell culture medium supplemented with 20% fetal calf serum. Cell free conditioned medium was collected on the 10th day. Tubular cell cultures were then prepared from 18 normal unoperated 3-week-old rats. Tubular cells from each separate kidney sample were grown in pooled-mesangium conditioned medium from sham-operated or from nephrectomized rats, supplied with 20% pooled serum from either sham-operated or nephrectomized animals. 3H-thymidine incorporation of normal tubular cell cultures grown in nephrectomy mesangium conditioned medium supplemented with sera from nephrectomized animals proved to be significantly greater than that of any of the other three experimental variations. No statistically significant difference was evident when either preconditioned medium of postnephrectomy mesangial cells or postnephrectomy serum were used alone.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Sibutramine in weight control: a dose-ranging, efficacy study.

We tested the safety and efficacy of sibutramine, 5 and 20 mg, and placebo on weight loss. Medication was added to caloric restriction, behavior modification, and exercise in a parallel-group, double-blind clinical trial. Participants were 130% to 180% of ideal body weight and in good health. The study lasted 12 weeks over Thanksgiving, Christmas, and New Year's Day. Weight loss during 8 weeks of study medication was: placebo, 1.4 +/- 2.1 kg (n = 19); 5 mg sibutramine, 2.9 +/- 2.3 kg (n = 18); and 20 mg sibutramine, 5.0 +/- 2.7 kg (n = 18) (p less than 0.05 sibutramine, 5 and 20 mg, versus placebo; p less than 0.05 sibutramine, 20 mg versus 5 mg). There is a significant dose-effect relationship. Five participants left the study before completion, all because of adverse events; placebo (one patient), 5 mg sibutramine (one patient), and 20 mg sibutramine (three patients). Sleep difficulties were noted by eight participants (20 mg sibutramine, seven patients; 5 mg, one patient; and placebo, no patients). Six of 21 participants receiving 20 mg complained of irritability, unusual impatience, or "excitation." Sibutramine, 5 and 20 mg, added to a multimodal program assisted participants in losing weight.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Elevated serum liver enzymes in obesity: a dilemma during clinical trials.

We found that 17 out of 60 (28.3 percent) obese, otherwise healthy volunteers had elevated serum alanine aminotransferase (ALAT), aspartate aminotransferase (ASAT) or alkaline phosphatase (AP) at least once in the course of a 12 week clinical trial. ALAT was the most commonly elevated serum aminotransferase occurring in 16 out of the 17 participants. Its range of elevation, as a percentage of the upper limit of normal (ULN) at screening was 102-164 percent (mean +/- s.d.; 127 percent +/- 18.4). Three participants had slight elevations of AP (112 percent, 113 percent, 119 percent of ULN). One participant had a minor elevation of ASAT (107 percent of ULN at screening). Of the 17 participants with elevated aminotransferases and AP, six were randomized to placebo, seven were treated with the low dose and four with the high dose of the new medication. Study participants having elevated enzymes had higher ideal body weight (IBW) than the group with normal values at screening (162 +/- 10 percent IBW, 152 +/- 11 percent IBW respectively), and at week 8 (152 +/- 3 percent IBW, 146 +/- 2 percent respectively) (P less than 0.05). The corresponding body mass index (BMI) values are 36.8 +/- 2.8 for the participants with elevated liver enzymes vs 34.2 +/- 2.6 (P less than 0.001) for the participants with normal values at screening and 34.9 +/- 3.1 and 32.8 +/- 2.8 (P = 0.02) respectively at week 8. Males (46 percent) were more likely than females (21 percent) to have elevated aminotransferases. We found no evidence for hepatic disease during the study period. Slightly elevated and fluctuating serum aminotransferases and alkaline phosphatase concentrations are a more frequent finding in healthy obese populations than previously established. In studies of anti-obesity agents investigators should broaden the entry criteria since elevated aminotransferase levels rarely interfere with the safe conduct of clinical trials in obesity.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Effect of diuretics on captopril-induced urinary zinc excretion.

The urinary zinc/creatinine ratio has been measured in five groups of patients with essential hypertension and in a group of healthy controls. The first four groups of patients consisted of subjects being treated for at least three months with captopril alone, hydrochlorothiazide alone, captopril plus hydrochlorothiazide, or captopril and furosemide. The fifth group comprised hypertensive patients not on any medication. The first four patient groups exhibited significantly increased urinary zinc/creatinine ratios when compared to the control and untreated hypertensive groups, but in the two combination regimens there was little zincuria. It is suggested that both diuretics inactivate the zincuric effect of captopril by binding to its sulphydryl group within the tubular lumen.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Zinc metabolism in patients treated with captopril versus enalapril.

Several zinc parameters were assessed in 13 patients with essential hypertension who were chronically taking only captopril (six subjects) or enalapril (seven subjects), as well as in six untreated hypertensives, and nine healthy controls. Serum zinc levels were comparable in all groups. Twenty-four-hour urinary zinc excretion was significantly increased in the captopril-treated patients compared with the other three groups. The zinc:creatinine ratio in 24-hour urine was significantly increased in both captopril and enalapril groups, but was significantly greater in the former. Although plasma zinc concentrations were comparable in all groups, red blood cell (RBC) zinc values were significantly decreased in the captopril group compared with the other three groups. We conclude that (1) although both captopril and enalapril produce renal zinc loss, this loss is far greater in patients receiving captopril; and (2) captopril administration over 3 months or more generates RBC zinc depletion.

Captopril↗