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Biomedical subjects

A Goyal

Publications and source records attributed to A Goyal.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Evaluation of KAP of oral hygiene measures following oral health education through existing health and educational infrastructure.

This study is a part of a larger preventive oral health feasibility module embarked on a population of 120,000 of Raipurrani, district Ambala (Haryana). The KAP analysis of about 2000 individuals (including school children) on cross-sectional basis at baseline, one and two years after the implementation of knowledge about oral health measures to the community utilizing the existing health infrastructure at CHC, the Anganwadi workers (ICDS Scheme) and through school teachers in the schools revealed that at baseline datun was the most prevalent (63%) oral hygiene measure used in the community and students. After implementation, the practice of brushing thrice, twice and once daily increased but the most prevalent frequency remained once a day (39% out of 66 percent using brush in community and 37% out of 76 percent in students after 2 and 11/2 years of implementation respectively) followed by twice a day (23 & 31% respectively). A similar pattern of frequency was observed about datun users also, though the number using datun substantially declined from 62% to 33% in community and 63 to 23% in students after implementation.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Seroprevalence of HIV antibodies, Australia antigen and VDRL reactivity in Himachal Pradesh.

3000 subjects from four high risk groups--patients attending STD clinics, hospital personnel, blood donors and foreign nationals were screened for the presence of HIV antibodies HBsAg and VDRL reactivity. No evidence of HIV infection was found in Himachiali population. However, there of the 150 foreign nationals screened were found positive for HIV antibodies. Overall HBsAg positivity and VDRL reactivity was found to be 5.53 per cent and 9.07 per cent respectively. The importance of circumspected and unswerving machinery for the surveillance of HIV antibodies in the high risk population of the state is emphasised.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Evaluation of existing status of knowledge, practice and attitude towards oral health of rural communities of Haryana--India.

The KAP survey on oral health practices of 3247 individuals, 6-60 years of age, of Sidhaura block of Haryana revealed that use of dattan was more prevalent (56% in adult community & 49% students) than tooth brush (35% adult community & 34% students). 37% of the total community had the knowledge of brush being the best oral hygiene measure. 25% of the community using brush were brushing only once/day. The knowledge of the community regarding the role of fluorides in prevention of dental caries was completely lacking: 1.8% of the community was using fluoride dentifrice. 35-45 percent of the community were practising sweet foods/drinks etc. four times a day. The snyder test showed a positive relation with frequency of sugar intake.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Seroprevalence of HIV infection in Himachal Pradesh.

Serum samples from 2645 individuals representing all the twelve districts of Himachal Pradesh were screened for antibodies to Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), employing ELISA test. These were categorised into four major high risk groups, viz, patients attending STD clinics (1305), voluntary blood donors (1012), hospital staff dealing with blood and blood products (200) and foreign nationals (128). No evidence of HIV infection was found in Himachali population. Two foreign nationals were repeatedly found positive for HIV antibodies by ELISA test and these were confirmed by Western Blot technique.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Unsuspected mitral stenosis.

PURPOSE AND PATIENTS AND METHODS: We observed a series of patients in whom the diagnosis of mitral stenosis was first discovered in the echocardiography laboratory. Because of this experience, we examined the records of 152 patients with echocardiographic evidence of rheumatic mitral stenosis to determine the clinical characteristics and course of patients with unsuspected mitral stenosis as well as those factors that may have obscured the diagnosis. RESULTS: Of these 152 patients, 18 had mitral stenosis that was unsuspected clinically until the echocardiogram. These patients were elderly, with a median age of 72 years. They were all referred for echocardiography because of cardiac symptoms. Eight patients were referred for evaluation of congestive heart failure. Five patients were referred for evaluation of aortic valve disease. Three patients were referred because of cerebrovascular accidents and atrial fibrillation. The Doppler-determined mean diastolic mitral gradient ranged from 4 to 15 mm Hg (mean: 7 mm Hg). Mitral stenosis ranged in severity from trivial to very severe. Eight patients had moderate to severe mitral stenosis with estimated mitral valve areas less than or equal to 1.5 cm2. Seven had mild or trivial mitral stenosis with estimated mitral valve areas greater than 1.5 cm2. After further evaluation, two patients underwent mitral valve surgery with improvement of congestive failure. In three patients, warfarin therapy was begun to prevent emboli. Thus, five of 18 patients had a significant immediate change in therapy because of the discovery of mitral stenosis. CONCLUSION: The diagnosis of mitral stenosis may not be suspected in the presence of advanced age, other serious cardiac and medical conditions, or mechanical factors that complicate the physical examination. In these patients, mitral stenosis may be hemodynamically significant and may cause significant symptoms.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Plaque pH modulations of children's favourite snacks.

Cariogenic potential of a few children's favourite snacks, assessed by evaluation of pH modulations on their respective consumption after 2,5,10,20,30 and 40 minutes compared to 10 percent sucrose control using pooled plaque method, in 8-12 years old children revealed lollipop (hard sucking candy) to be the most cariogenic and samosa without chutney to be the least cariogenic. The cariogenic potential of ice creams were similar, however, low as compared to sucrose solution of 10 percent.

Candy↗
PubMed1990

Cytoplasmic assembly of small nuclear ribonucleoprotein particles from 6 S and 20 S RNA-free intermediates in L929 mouse fibroblasts.

Newly transcribed small nuclear RNAs (snRNAs) appear transiently in the cytoplasm where they assemble with snRNP core proteins (B, D, E, F, and G) stored in large pools of snRNA-free intermediates before returning permanently to the nucleus. In this report, the cytoplasmic assembly of snRNP core particles in L929 mouse fibroblasts was investigated by kinetic analysis of assembly intermediates resolved on sucrose gradients. Immunoprecipitation of gradient fractions with anti-snRNP autoimmune antisera identify pools of 6 and 20 S snRNA-free snRNP protein intermediates. The snRNP B protein has a heterodisperse sedimentation from 4 to 20 S with peaks at 6 and 20 S, and the snRNP D protein is in a bimodal distribution at 6 and 20 S. At 6 S the D protein is assembled with the E, F, and G proteins into a RNA-free core particle with a stoichiometry of D4EFG. SnRNP assembly proceeds by snRNA assembling initially with the 6 S D4EFG particle and then two copies of the B protein to form an 11-15 S SnRNP particle. The 20 S forms of the D protein in the cytoplasm are less stable than the 6 S D4EFG particle. The U1-specific A and C proteins leak from isolated nuclei and appear in the cytoplasmic fractions where they sediment from 10 to 20 S and from 4 to 8 S, respectively.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Incidence of australia antigen (HBs Ag) in Himachal Pradesh.

2405 high risk subjects (1193 patients attending STD clinics, 1012 blood donors and 200 hospital personnel) and 500 apparently healthy individuals representing all the twelve districts of the State of Himachal Pradesh were screened for HBs Ag employing reverse passive haemagglutination (RPHA) technique. HBs Ag positivity was found to be 6.77 per cent in test groups and 3.6 per cent in the control group. Maximum positivity was found in STD patients (9.55 per cent) followed by hospital personnel (8 per cent) and blood donors (3.26 per cent). The highest incidence was noticed in district Kullu and no positive case was found in Lahaul and Spiti district of Himachal Pradesh. Remedial measures for prevention of Hepatitis-B virus infection have been emphasized.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Neonatal outcome following cesarean birth: a prospective study.

Neonatal morbidity and mortality in 573 singleton cesarean born infants was recorded. In 70% of women, it was a primary cesarean section. The neonatal mortality was 3.6% in babies born to primigravida mothers and 9.8% in infants of multigravida. Mortality in male and female infants was 5.73 and 9.65%, respectively. Preterm infants registered more than 7 times higher mortality than term infants. Birth weight below 2000 g and above 3500 g were associated with higher asphyxia rate and neonatal death. Neonatal morbidity frequently encountered was birth asphyxia (19.19%), septicemia (13.43%), jaundice (15.70%) and respiratory problems (23.0%).

Birth Weight↗
PubMed1990

Alterations in immunoglobulin & complement levels in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Thirty patients of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD; all smokers) and an equal number of controls (15 smokers) were studied. The COPD patients were further divided into group A (predominantly emphysema) and group B (predominantly bronchitis) of 15 patients each. Serum and sputum IgG, IgA and IgM and serum C3 and C4 were estimated. IgG, IgA, IgM and C3 and C4 were similar in smoker and non-smoker controls. Mean (+/- SD) serum IgG (IU/ml) was significantly higher in COPD patients (207.78 +/- 62.73) than in control (177.25 +/- 43.5; P less than 0.05), serum IgA (IU/ml) was also significantly higher in COPD (205.04 +/- 46.56) than in control (108.21 +/- 33.3; P less than 0.01). IgM was similar in the 2 groups. Sputum IgA (IU/ml) was higher in COPD (4.68 +/- 3.51) than in control (2.25 +/- 1.03; P less than 0.05). IgG and IgM were similar in the 2 groups. Both serum C3 (IU) and C4 (IU) were lower in COPD patients (C3 = 95.9 +/- 33.11, C4 = 113.6 +/- 62.4) than in control (C3 = 167.3 +/- 25.42, C4 = 205 +/- 76.5; P less than 0.05). Serum IgA in type B COPD (212.25 +/- 50.06) was higher than in type A (197.52 +/- 43.3; P less than 0.05) IgG and IgM were similar in these 2 groups. In COPD patients, immunoglobulins were either normal or higher indicating that deficiency of immunoglobulin is not a predisposing factor in development of COPD. Similar immunoglobulin values in smoker and nonsmoker controls indicated that smoking was not the cause of rise of immunoglobulins in COPD.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Complement C3↗
PubMed1987

Significance of ferritin as a marker in head and neck malignancies.

The efficiency of the combination of two tumor-associated antigens in recognising head and neck cancer was evaluated. The markers studied were CEA and ferritin by radioimmunoassay. CEA was estimated in 22 controls and 41 head and neck cancer patients. There was no difference in CEA values of controls and head and neck cancer patients, suggesting that CEA was not specific for head and neck malignancies. We measured serum ferritin in 27 controls and 58 patients with head and neck cancer. The mean ferritin level was significantly higher in patients (P less than 0.001) than in normal subjects. The ferritin level in patients with no evidence of clinical disease 8 months after treatment showed approximately normal levels, whereas the levels showed a tendency to increase or remain at high levels in patients with a poor prognosis, giving support to the contention that ferritin may prove to be a valuable adjunct in head and neck cancer.

Antigens, Neoplasm↗