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Biomedical subjects

A Gozalo

Publications and source records attributed to A Gozalo.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2004

IDRD2 TaqIA polymorphism is associated with urinary homovanillic acid levels in a sample of Spanish male alcoholic patients.

The TaqIA1 allele of the dopamine receptor gene D2 (DRD2) has been associated with alcoholism, as well as with other addictive behaviours. The exact nature of how the presence of this allele can be a vulnerability factor in the development of alcoholism remains unclear. In this study we found that the presence in the DRD2 genotype of the TaqIA1 allele in Spanish alcoholics is associated with higher levels of urine homovanillic acid (HVA) when compared to patients homozygous for the TaqIA2 allele. A sample of 142 Spanish male alcoholic patients was split into 2 groups on the basis of the presence or absence of the A1 allele in their genotype. The urine sample was analyzed by high performance liquid cromatography (HPLC), and the concentration of homovanillic acid (HVA), 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) and vanilylmandelic acid (VMA) was determined. We found a statistical difference in the concentration of HVA between the groups, that suggests this polymorphism could be related to the variance of urine HVA levels.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

A survey for helminth parasites in feral New World non-human primate populations and its comparison with parasitological data from man in the region.

A survey for helminth parasites in feral New World non-human primates was conducted and compared with parasitological data from man in the region. A total of 835 fecal samples were collected from feral Aotus nancymae, A. vociferans, Saguinus labiatus, S. mystax, Saimiri boliviensis peruviensis, S. sciureus macrodon, Lagothrix lagotricha and Cacajao calvus rubicundus. In addition, adult parasites were collected from necropsies performed on monkeys that died during quarantine and in captivity. Helminth parasites shared by non-human primates and man in Peru were Ancylostoma braziliensis and Ascaris lumbricoides, found in a captive L. lagotricha; Necator americanus, found in a captive C. calvus rubicundus; Hymenolepis diminuta, found in feral Aotus spp. and S. mystax; and a single Trichuris spp. specimen found in a feral S. sciureus macrodon.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

Spontaneous terminal ileitis resembling Crohn disease in captive tamarins.

Five tamarins (four Saguinus mystax and one S. labiatus) died with wasting syndrome characterized by chronic diarrhea at the Center for Reproduction and Conservation of Non-Human Primates in Iquitos, Peru. At necropsy, the terminal ileum of all affected tamarins was found to be markedly thickened. Histologically, the terminal ileal mucosa was completely ulcerated, and effaced by debris and mononuclear inflammatory cells. The submucosa and serosa were thickened by fibroplasia, mononuclear cell infiltrates and variable edema. No infectious agent was observed. The lesions were similar to those described previously for Crohn disease. This is to our knowledge the first report of terminal ileitis resembling Crohn disease in non-human primates.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

Allpahuayo virus: a newly recognized arenavirus (arenaviridae) from arboreal rice rats (oecomys bicolor and oecomys paricola) in northeastern peru.

Allpahuayo virus was initially isolated from arboreal rice rats (Oecomys bicolor and Oecomys paricola) collected during 1997 at the Allpahuayo Biological Station in northeastern Peru. Serological and genetic studies identified the virus as a new member of the Tacaribe complex of the genus Arenavirus. The small (S) segment of the Allpahuayo virus prototype strain CLHP-2098 (Accession No. AY012686) was sequenced, as well as that of sympatric isolate CLHP-2472 (Accession No. AY012687), from the same rodent species. The S segment was 3382 bases in length and phylogenetic analysis indicated that Allpahuayo is a sister virus to Pichinde in clade A. Two ambisense, nonoverlapping reading frames were identified, which result in two predicted gene products, a glycoprotein precursor (GPC) and a nucleocapsid protein (NP). A predicted stable single hairpin secondary structure was identified in the intergenic region between GPC and NP. Details of the genetic organization of Allpahuayo virus are discussed.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed2000

Attempts to establish experimental Cyclospora cayetanensis infection in laboratory animals.

Attempts were made to develop an animal model for Cyclospora cayetanensis to identify a practical laboratory host for studying human cyclosporiasis. Oocysts collected from stool of infected humans in the United States, Haiti, Guatemala, Peru, and Nepal were held in potassium dichromate solution to allow development of sporozoites. The following animal types were inoculated: 9 strains of mice, including adult and neonatal immunocompetent and immune-deficient inbred and outbred strains, rats, sandrats, chickens, ducks, rabbits, jirds, hamsters, ferrets, pigs, dogs, owl monkeys, rhesus monkeys, and cynomolgus monkeys. Most animals were inoculated by gavage, although some of the primates were fed oocysts on food items. The animals were examined for signs of infection, particularly diarrhea, and stool samples were examined for 4-6 wk after inoculation. None of the animals developed patent infections or signs of infection. We conclude that none of the animals tested is susceptible to infection with C. cayetanensis.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

Passive transfer of growth-inhibitory antibodies raised against yeast-expressed recombinant Plasmodium falciparum merozoite surface protein-1(19).

Purified rabbit immunoglobulin raised against yeast-expressed recombinant FVO or 3D7 Plasmodium falciparum merozoite surface protein-1 (MSP-1) 19k-D C terminal fragment (MSP-1(19)) was transfused into malaria-naive Aotus nancymai monkeys that were immediately challenged with FVO asexual stage malaria parasites. Control monkeys received rabbit immunoglobulin raised against the sexual stage antigen Pfs25 or Aotus hyperimmune serum obtained from monkeys immunized by P. falciparum infection and drug cure. Passive transfer of rabbit anti-MSP-1(19) failed to protect against homologous or heterologous challenge and, when compared with negative controls, there were no differences in prepatent periods or time to treatment. Interestingly, rabbit anti-MSP-1(19), but not anti-Pfs25, immunoglobulin, and immune monkey serum prevented the development of antibodies directed against MSP-1(19) fragment by infected monkeys, indicating that the antibodies were reactive with native MSP-1(19) antigen in vivo. The prepatent period and time to treatment was greatly delayed in the two monkeys that received Aotus immune serum, both of which developed a chronic intermittent low level infection. In vitro parasite growth inhibition assays (GIAs) confirmed the presence of inhibitory activity (40% maximum inhibition) in concentrated anti-MSP-1(19) immunoglobulin (4.8 mg/ml), but the peak concentrations we achieved in vivo (1 mg/ml) were not inhibitory in vitro. Subinhibitory levels of anti-MSP-1(19) antibodies achieved by passive transfer were not protective against P. falciparum challenge.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Changes in systemic blood pressure and cardiac rhythm induced by therapeutic compression of the trigeminal ganglion.

Percutaneous compression of the trigeminal ganglion, which is currently being used for the control of trigeminal neuralgia, induces marked intraoperative elevations of the systemic blood pressure and heart rate changes, which may increase the risk of cardiovascular complications. We have analyzed the characteristics of the arterial hypertensive response and the cardiac rhythm changes induced by percutaneous compression of the trigeminal ganglion in 42 consecutive, unselected patients undergoing operations for essential trigeminal neuralgia under three different regimens of anesthesia. The first 22 patients (Group 1) underwent operations under brief general anesthesia without endotracheal intubation. The following 10 patients (Group 2) had general anesthesia with intubation and mechanical ventilation and received larger doses of hypnotic and analgesic agents. Finally, 10 more patients (Group 3), who had general anesthesia with intubation, underwent local anesthetic blockade of Meckel's cave (injection of 1 ml of 1% lidocaine) before ganglion compression. Foramen ovale puncture elicited bradycardia in the majority of the patients of Groups 2 and 3, but only four patients (18%) of Group 1 showed bradycardia. Ganglion compression caused marked tachycardia in all patients of Groups 1 and 2; about one-third of the patients also had extrasystoles. By contrast, patients of Group 3, who had local anesthetic blockade of Meckel's cave before ganglion compression, did not develop tachycardia or extrasystoles. Foramen ovale puncture elicited marked elevations of the systemic blood pressure in all patients. Ganglion compression further increased blood pressure, except in patients of Group 3, who had local anesthetic blockade of Meckel's cave.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Spontaneous cardiomyopathy and nephropathy in the owl monkey (Aotus sp.) in captivity.

Clinical and pathologic data were reviewed for 72 owl monkeys that died between January 1987 and May 1990 at the Center for Reproduction and Conservation of Nonhuman Primates in Iquitos, Peru. Tissue samples from 39 animals were examined. Hypertrophic cardiac disease (51% of animals examined), dilative cardiomyopathy (26%), and nephropathy (87%) were the most common diagnoses. The incidence of all three diseases appeared to increase with time in captivity. Nephropathy was less severe in colony-born animals.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Mortality causes of the moustached tamarin (Saguinus mystax) in captivity.

From January 1987 to November 1990, 125 adult Saguinus mystax died at the CRCP. Enteritis/colitis (26%), hypoglycemia/cachexia (19%), and parasitic enteritis (13%) were the most common causes of death. Less common were purulent peritonitis (9%), lobular pneumonia (8%), and hemorrhagic gastroenterocolitis (6%). These results confirm the high frequency of gastroenteric lesions reported in Callitrichidae in captivity.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Spontaneous seminoma in an owl monkey in captivity.

An adult male Aotus nancymae maintained for breeding purposes was submitted for surgery and the left testicle was removed. The surgically removed mass was about two to three times the size of a normal adult owl monkey testicle. Grossly, on cut surface, the mass was soft, white to pale gray, and bulged above the adjacent tissue. Microscopically, the morphology of the tumor cells was consistent with a seminoma.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Effect of intrathoracic pressure on plasma arginine vasopressin levels.

Abdominal distention during pneumoperitoneum results in a marked increase in plasma arginine vasopressin levels, which has been ascribed to an increase in intrathoracic pressure. Because of this relationship, tense ascites could contribute to nonosmotic release of antidiuretic hormone, to the development of hyponatremia, and eventually to further ascites formation. The effect of pneumoperitoneum, thoracocentesis, and paracentesis on plasma arginine vasopressin levels was studied in three groups of patients, and the mechanism by which these maneuvers may induce these changes was investigated. Patients with pleural effusion, pneumothorax, or ascites showed a significant increase in plasma arginine vasopressin levels, and thoracocentesis or paracentesis resulted in a decrease in these levels. Plasma vasopressin levels increased significantly during pneumoperitoneum, as did intrathoracic and atrial pressures; the atrial transmural pressure gradient declined. However, no changes in plasma levels of norepinephrine, aldosterone, and renin activity were observed during pneumoperitoneum. Changes in plasma arginine vasopressin levels correlated with the changes in intrathoracic and atrial pressures and transmural pressure gradient. The authors conclude that increased intrathoracic pressure is associated with an increase in plasma arginine vasopressin levels and propose that ascites could be a factor promoting vasopressin release by acting on intrathoracic volume receptors in decompensated cirrhotics.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Mortality causes of owl monkeys (Aotus nancymae and Aotus vociferans) in captivity.

To determine the main causes of death in "owl monkeys" (Aotus nancymae and A. vociferans) in captivity, 115 necropsies were performed. According to the macroscopic findings and clinical data, results are as follow: acute lobular pneumonia (25.2%), chronic nephropathy (10.4%), acute catarrhal enteritis (8.7%), acute hemorrhagic enteritis (7%), acute toxic hepatitis (5.2%), trauma (5.2%), and others.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1987

Intrathecal therapy: rationale, technique, clinical results.

In 35 patients a subcutaneously implanted injection port/reservoir was used to provide intrathecal morphine to relieve pain due to cancer. The reservoir offers an alternative to rather expensive devices. It can be used for repeated injections or for infusion. It is easy to locate and facilitates ambulatory treatment. The injections were carried out by members of the patient's family after they had been taught how to do it. Initially, doses of 0.25-0.5 mg of morphine resulted in pain relief for 14 to 24 hours. After 5 weeks of treatment morphine requirements increased to 0.75-2 mg. Side-effects were minimal, and three delayed CSF fistula, two of them confirmed by isotope tracking with Tc99m, closed spontaneously.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Intraventricular morphine for intractable cancer pain: rationale, methods, clinical results.

The experience with the administration of intraventricular morphine for the control of malignant pain in 197 patients is analyzed. Small doses of morphine injected via a ventricular reservoir provided satisfactory control of otherwise intractable pain in terminal cancer-patients. Complete analgesia together with a favourable behavioral response was obtained without noticeable neurological changes or side-effects annoying or severe enough for the patients to discontinue therapy. Tolerance was much less marked than with parenteral opiates. Chronic intraventricular therapy can be safely performed on an outpatient basis by injecting the opiate once or twice a day. The method may be improved by using refillable continuous-infusion devices and new drugs, able to retain the analgesic effects of morphine while eliminating the unwanted ones.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Postmediastinoscopy changes in chest CT.

OBJECTIVE: To know the CT changes that may be seen in the mediastinum after uncomplicated mediastinoscopy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Noncontrast CT was performed on 10 patients on the 1st, 3rd, and 5th days after the procedure. RESULTS: We encountered linear and diffuse increased attenuation within the mediastinum as well as air bubbles. By the 5th day postmediastinoscopic changes resolved. We never found air-fluid levels, fluid collections, or other abnormalities. CONCLUSION: Expected postmediastinoscopic changes are not to be confused with potential postprocedure complications such as hemorrhage or infection.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Spontaneous cardiomyopathy resembling acute rheumatic heart disease in an owl monkey.

A wild-caught male Aotus vociferans died spontaneously during quarantine. Histologic examination of the heart showed several small myocardial arteries replaced with fibrinoid necrosis and adjacent inflammation that included lymphocytes and large histiocytic cells. Less often, similar inflammatory foci were observed in the myocardium interstitium. The lesions observed in the heart of the owl monkey resembled Aschoff bodies.

Acute Disease↗