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Biomedical subjects

A Grimwood

Publications and source records attributed to A Grimwood.

6 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2001

Novel mutations identified using a comprehensive CCR5-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis assay.

BACKGROUND: Most mutations detected for the gene for CC chemokine receptor 5 (CCR5) are either relatively specific to different population groups or rarely observed in Africans. OBJECTIVES: To develop a comprehensive mutation detection assay for the entire coding region of CCR5 and to identify novel mutations that may play a role in genetic susceptibility to HIV-1 infection, within the diverse South African population. DESIGN: The study cohort consisted of 103 HIV-seropositive patients and 146 HIV-seronegative controls of predominantly African descent. METHODS: A mutation detection assay for the entire coding region of CCR5 was designed; this included amplification of part of the coding region of CCR2. The assay was based on denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) and allowed the complete analysis of samples from 10 individuals per denaturing gel. RESULTS: The use of the CCR5-DGGE assay led to the identification of seven novel and six previously reported mutations. All novel mutations, including a common polymorphism at codon 35, occurred exclusively in non-Caucasians, indicating possible African origin. CONCLUSION: A comprehensive DGGE mutation detection assay has been developed for the entire coding region of CCR5. Application of this assay resulted in the identification of novel CCR5 mutations, which may have a significant effect on the normal functioning of CCR5 and thus contribute to host variability and susceptibility to HIV-1 infection and/or progression to AIDS within this population.

Codon, Nonsense↗
PubMed1998

Service level agreements.

Service level agreements provide clearer descriptions of the services to be provided and the objectives to be met. In many instances it is the first time that services have been defined allowing their performance to be suitably measured. They should be output based and not too prescriptive on how the services are to be delivered. The emphasis should be on establishing outputs and the arrangements for monitoring achievement. Customer expectations can exceed available resources and arbitration may become necessary if agreement cannot be reached on internal service level agreements. The main requirements of customers for change through service level agreements is usually improved communications on job status that includes notification of any delays and that agreed response times will be met.

Contract Services↗
PubMed1991

The incidence of malignant mesothelioma in Australia 1982-1988.

From 1980 to 1985, the Australian Mesothelioma Surveillance Program, and since 1986, the Australian Mesothelioma Register, have been collecting data on all cases of malignant mesothelioma that could be ascertained in Australia. Incidence rates were calculated on 854 Program and 696 Register cases (total 1271) diagnosed in Australia between January 1, 1982 and December 31, 1988. Australia has one of the highest national rates of mesothelioma in the world (15.8 cases per million of population aged 20 years and older), and the rate is rising. The rate is far higher in males (28.3) than females (3.3). The Western Australian rate (28.9) is the highest among the states, as may be expected because of the crocidolite mine at Wittenoom; however, the largest numbers of cases occur in the more populous and industrial New South Wales. The high incidence rate, its expected continuing increase, and absence of a history of exposure to asbestos in approximately 28% of cases, demand consideration of potential environmental factors other than asbestos in the causation of this tumor, as well as continued surveillance.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Operation Nightingale: the role of BMH Dharan following the 1988. Nepal earthquake, and some observations on Third World earthquake disaster relief missions.

Following a large earthquake in Nepal, the experience of a small hospital in dealing with the resulting mass casualties is described. The value of pre-planning and effective triage of the injured is stressed, and aspects of surgical and medical care specific to earthquake victims discussed. Clinical and administrative challenges encountered in mounting a major relief exercise in a Third World setting are also described. frequent exercising of military hospitals and personnel in handling mass casualties is an applicable to civilian natural catastrophies as to battlefield medical support.

Developing Countries↗
PubMed1987

The Australian Mesothelioma Surveillance Program 1979-1985.

The Australian Mesothelioma Surveillance Program was planned in 1977 in order to improve diagnostic criteria, to monitor the incidence of the disease, to develop methods of counting lung fibres, and to explore occupational and other associations of mesothelioma. This paper presents a preliminary analysis of data that were collected between January 1, 1980 and December 31, 1985 on the pathological findings and the work and environmental history of 858 cases of mesothelioma. The annual incidence rate of mesothelioma in Australia was 15 per million population who were aged 20 years and over. This is more than the incidence rate of mesothelioma in any other country for which data are available. However, uncertainty over diagnostic criteria and the degree of ascertainment of cases places doubt on the validity of such comparisons. In 69% of cases, a history of work with or other exposure to asbestos was obtained. Due to the long interval between the first exposure to asbestos and the provisional diagnosis of a mesothelioma (up to 60 years), more than three-quarters of the 456 exposed cases first contacted asbestos in the years of its heavy use between 1930 and 1959. This article analyses cases by the industry and the occupation in which exposure to asbestos first occurred.

Adult↗