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Biomedical subjects

A Grubb

Publications and source records attributed to A Grubb.

177 records · Page 10Linked to original sources
PubMed1978

Non-secretory or low-secretory myeloma with intracellular kappa chains. Report of six cases and review of the literature.

This report concerns six cases of multiple myeloma characterized by either no demonstrable monoclonal immunoglobulin in plasma or urine or by trace amounts (less than or equal to 0.1 g/l) of monoclonal kappa chains in the urine. In all cases there was an infiltration of the bone marrow by plasma cells containing kappa chains but no heavy chains. A retrospective analysis was made of 126 consecutive cases of Bence Jones myeloma. The number of kappa and lambda cases was approximately the same. All cases secreting less than or equal to 0.1 g light chains per 1 urine were of kappa type. This contrasts with a kappa/lambda ratio of 1.4-1.9 among reported series of M-components containing both heavy and light chains. A review of reported cases of non-secretory myeloma revealed a preserved capacity for Ig synthesis in the majority of cases and among these a preponderance of kappa chain producing clones. These observations might be explained by a higher tendency for kappa chain producing cells to mutate to low secretors or to cells producing abnormal light chains which are catabolized rapidly. The clinical data from our patients do not indicate a more pessimistic prognosis in non- or low-secretory myeloma, than in other cases of multiple myeloma.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

In vivo XRF as a means to evaluate the risk of kidney effects in lead and cadmium exposed smelter workers.

The effect on kidney function was studied in 22 smelter workers with concomitant exposure to lead and cadmium. One active and five retired workers showed early signs of kidney dysfunction. They all had a long-term and high lead exposure, while their kidney cadmium concentrations measured in vivo by XRF techniques were low to moderate. Thus, the exposure to lead has been a greater risk, although an interaction between lead and cadmium could not be excluded.

Acetylglucosaminidase↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Synthesis and antibacterial properties of peptidyl derivatives and cyclopeptides structurally based upon the inhibitory centre of human cystatin C. Dissociation of antiproteolytic and antibacterial effects.

Cysteine protease-inhibiting proteins of the cystatin superfamily can inhibit the replication of certain viruses and bacteria. The inhibitory centre of human cystatin C, the most widely distributed human cystatin, comprises three peptide segments. The present work describes the synthesis and antibacterial activity of 27 new peptidyl derivatives or cyclopeptides based upon the aminoterminal segment Arg8-Leu9-Val10-Gly11. Fourteen of the new compounds displayed antibacterial activity against from 1 up to 9 of 17 clinically important bacterial species tested. Antiproteolytic activity of a compound was usually not required for its antibacterial capacity. Peptidyl diazomethanes generally had a very narrow antibacterial spectrum, inhibiting only Streptococcus pyogenes, whereas cyclopeptides and peptidyl derivatives of the general structure X-Arg-Leu-NH-CH(iPr)-CH2-NH-Y had a much wider spectrum. The most potent of these substances displayed approximately equal minimal inhibitory and bactericidal concentrations of about 20 microg/ml for both Staphylococcus aureus and S. pyogenes and were devoid of antiproteolytic activity. Several of the new substances could protect mice against lethal intraperitoneal challenge with S. pyogenes. Though their target remains to be disclosed, the group of substances here reported might be promising for the development of antibacterial drugs and the discovery of novel principles of action.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Apolipoprotein-E genotyping in Alzheimer's disease and frontotemporal dementia.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD) are characterized by progressive neuronal loss and microvacuolization, although with different distributions of cortical involvement. In contrast to AD there is no amyloid, senile plaques or tangles in FTD. The involvement of chromosome 19 in AD has been associated with apoliprotein E (ApoE) and the epsilon 4 gene frequency has been related to increased risk and early onset of AD. Our analysis of frequency of the ApoE alleles in 38 patients with AD, 21 patients with FTD and 29 normal controls indicates an association of both AD and FTD with an increased frequency of the epsilon 4 allele and in AD also with homozygosity for epsilon 4. Our results might indicate that ApoE epsilon 4 is an important aggravating and pathoplastic factor in the presence of genetic and other determinants for the development of AD or FTD. A significantly higher epsilon 2 frequency in our FTD material compared to AD and normals might also indicate a connection with the distribution of cortical degeneration.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Cystatin C: a new marker of biocompatibility or a good marker for the redistribution of LMW proteins during hemodialysis?

The mechanism(s) behind the larger relative increase of Plasma beta 2 microglobulin (P-beta 2m) than that of Plasma albumin (P-alb) during Cuprophan hemodialysis is disputed. To elucidate this phenomenon P-alb, P-beta 2m (MW 11,800) and Plasma cystatin (P-cC; MW 13,000) an inhibitor of cystein proteinases, were determined before and after a Cuprophan or polysulphone hemodialysis (4-7 hr, QB 200 ml/min) in 30 stable regular dialysis treatment (RDT) patients. Body weight (BW) decreased by 2.5 +/- 1.4% (mean +/- SD). P-alb, P-beta 2m and P-cC increased by 11.4 +/- 14.8%, 15.4 +/- 11.5%, and 22.1 +/- 14.3%, respectively, during Cuprophan dialysis. The relative increase of P-cC was larger than that of P-beta 2m (P less than 0.05) and that of P-alb (P less than 0.02). During polysulphone dialysis BW decreased by 4.1 +/- 1.8%. P-alb, P-beta 2m, and P-cC increased almost equally by 28.1 +/- 18, 26.5 +/- 19.2, and 26.8 +/- 14.4%, respectively. These results are hard to interpret. Is the increase in P-cC a new marker of biocompatibility or does it reflect the true shift of low molecular weight (LMW) proteins between the interstitial and the plasma volume during hemodialysis better than P-beta 2m? In vitro studies indicate that small amounts of both Serum beta 2m (S-beta 2m) and Serum cystatin C (S-cC) are adsorbed to or sieved through the Cuprophan membrane, findings which render the kinetics of LMW proteins during hemodialysis still more complex.

Biocompatible Materials↗