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Biomedical subjects

A Guglielmi

Publications and source records attributed to A Guglielmi.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

Controllability and duration of stress alter central nervous system depressant-induced sleep time in rats.

Rats were exposed to either 80 escapable shocks or yoked inescapable shocks and then injected with several hypnotic doses of sodium pentobarbital, midazolam, or ethanol; their sleep-time duration was compared with that of naive controls. Inescapable shock exposure resulted in a significant increase in ethanol-induced sleep time compared with the escapable shock and naive control groups. Both escape and yoked groups showed an increase in barbiturate-induced sleep time compared with controls, although no difference was observed for midazolam. Acute stress (twenty 5-s inescapable shocks) did not alter the depressant-induced sleep time for any of the drugs tested. These results illustrate the importance of psychological aspects of stress and its influence on the potency of certain depressants.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

[The prevalence of rhinopharyngeal staphylococcal carriers among those employed in the communal food services of the province of Rome].

Microbial food contamination is at present less frequent than in the past. Nevertheless, Staphylococcus aureus food poisoning is still among the most frequent ones in Italy. The authors screened nasal swabs of 112 person working in five communal feeding services in Rome province; of these, 53 were found to be positive. This percentage (48.3%) does not differ substantially from those found by other researchers in various Italian cites.

Carrier State↗
PubMed1991

[Prevalence of anti-Yersinia enterocolitica antibodies in an open population of the city of Rome].

This work shows the results of a seroepidemiological study of a group of 691 apparently healthy individuals: 246 males and 445 females from a Rome out-patient consulting center. 72 individuals (10.42%) were found positive with an antibody titer from 1:20 to 1:40. The percentages regarding the sexes and also those regarding the age groups did not show significant differences. The results of the research demonstrate a limited diffusion of Yersinia enterocolitica infection in the area under scrutiny. The results are correlated with those of similar researches.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Resistance to 5-fluorouracil and 5-fluoro-2'-deoxyuridine mechanisms and clinical implications.

Preliminary to studies on biopsy specimens from colorectal carcinomas, we have investigated the mechanisms of resistance to 5-fluorouracil (FUra) and 5-fluoro-2'-deoxyuridine (FdUrd) on a human colon carcinoma cell line, HCT-8 in vitro. After obtaining a high level of resistance, extracts were made from sensitive and resistant HCT-8 cells and the enzymes responsible for the activation or catabolism of fluoropyrimidines were assayed using a thin-layer chromatographic method. The activity of thymidine-kinase, thymidine phosphorylase, uridine-kinase, uridine phosphorylase, orotate phosphoribosyl transferase as well as the activity of the target enzyme thymidylate synthase were not significantly different in sensitive, FUra resistant or FdUrd resistant cells. The activities of these enzymes in sensitive HCT-8 cells were respectively 15.6, 3.4, 40.8, 2.1, 6.9 and 30.2 nmol/mg protein/h. Direct evidence that impaired transport was the mechanism of resistance to FdUrd was obtained using a short term "oil stop" technique, whereas indirect evidence suggests that reduced inhibition of thymidylate synthase is likely to be the mechanism of resistance to FUra. Cells seven hundred-fold resistant to FdUrd were in fact still sensitive to FUra (ED50 value after continuous exposure 2.1 microM) while FUra resistant cells were fully cross-resistant to FdUrd (ED50 value after continuous exposure 0.003 microM). The clinical relevance of these data is discussed in the light of the extensive literature about the potentiation of fluoropyrimidines by leucovorin.

Colonic Neoplasms↗
PubMed1989

[Staging of gastric carcinoma].

The controversies over the patterns of gastric cancer staging in western countries (UICC-AJCC), Japan (JRSGC) and more recently Hawaii (1984) are analysed with reference to the problems of definition and assignment of values to the single elements: T,N,M, location and stage grouping that were not homogeneously established in the patterns mentioned. Problems about T mainly regard T1 and T4. T1 incorporates tumours (T1m and T1sm) with quite different prognosis and therefore represents, in spite of several changes made, a dyshomogeneous group. The same can be said about T4 where prognoses are considerably different according to contiguous structures involved in the tumour and they are not held in due consideration by the various staging systems. In all these, the different lymph nodes are gathered into homogeneous groups (N1,N2,N3) progressively numbered according to the prognostic value. These groups are based, however, on inadequate information and in fact constitute heterogenous umbrellas. The greatest problems about parameter M concern subclinical M1 that, missed at the time of the tumours staging before or during operations, reveal themselves shortly after operations considered radical. Finally new views about the relationship between cancer biology and prognosis (cytofluorometry, immunohistochemistry, etc.) are examined.

Humans↗
PubMed1986

Decreased hepatic glutathione in chronic alcoholic patients.

The metabolism of ethanol can result in depletion of reduced glutathione (GSH) via adduct formation and oxidation to GSSG. In this study, the glutathione concentration in liver tissue of chronic alcoholic patients (n = 20) was measured using a specific chromatographic method. The results are compared to values obtained from a group of selected controls (n = 10), and correlated to liver histology and blood biochemistry. All of the alcoholics had markedly lower hepatic GSH concentrations than the control group (medians = 2.17 vs 3.88 mumol/g liver, respectively). No significant differences in liver GSH were found among alcoholic subgroups who had slightly altered or normal histology and/or blood tests vs those with advanced pathology. A decrease in hepatic GSH concentration seems to be a consistent characteristic of chronic alcohol abuse which occurs even in the absence of evident liver damage.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

[Early gastric cancer (case contribution)].

Early gastric cancer (e.g.c.) was detected in 23 patients (7.8%) from a total of 293 gastric cancers observed from 1970 to 1985. Clinical and pathological aspects are discussed. In 19 cases the surgical treatment was subtotal gastrectomy for lesions of the middle and lower third, in 4 cases total gastrectomy for tumors of the upper third and of the greater curvature.

Gastrectomy↗
PubMed1985

[Late sequelae of caustic esophagitis].

The caustic burns of the oesophagus still play a significant role in the framework of oesophageal conditions, both in terms of therapeutic approach in the acute phase, when high morbidity and mortality rates are recorded, and of long-term consequences. These are as follows: stenoses of varying extent, carcinoma, wall deformation, oesophago-bronchial fistulae and motor disturbances. This paper is concerned with the clinical, diagnostic and therapeutic implications of these late consequences.

Bronchial Fistula↗
PubMed1984

Fat infusion and blood coagulation in patients undergoing surgery for esophageal cancer.

Twenty-six patients with stage III and IV esophageal cancer were randomly studied to evaluate the influence of fat emulsions (Intralipid) infusion on blood coagulation during total parenteral nutrition (TPN). The patients were divided into two groups: the first group (13 patients) received 24h. TPN; in the second group (13 patients) 1000 ml of 10% Intralipid were added to TPN via a peripheral vein over a period of 12 h. (1.8-2.1 g/kg/day). Primary hemostasis, platelet adhesiveness, alterations in fibrin formation and risk factors were evaluated before treatment (Time 0), after 7 days (Time 1) and after 14 days (Time 2). Statistical analysis of results was also carried out. On the basis of the obtained results it is observed that Intralipid at the administered doses, did not cause any alterations in blood coagulation and particularly in platelet adhesiveness.

Blood Coagulation↗