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Biomedical subjects

A Gustafson

Publications and source records attributed to A Gustafson.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1975

Biochemical typing of hyperlipoproteinemia. The development of a nomogram.

The accurate biochemical typing of hyperlipoproteinemia would require quantification of lipoprotein fractions. At present, typing is frequently based on the lipoprotein electrophoresis pattern together with serum lipid analyses. Lack of facilities for lipoprotein electrophoresis has however focused the clinical interest for classification of hyperlipoproteinemia into other means of a simple biochemical typing. In the present study a nomogram was developed to allow biochemical typing of hyperlipoproteinemia from serum cholesterol and triglyceride values. Serum cholesterol was determined according to a Liebermann-Burchard reaction by the method of Cramer and Isaksson [1], serum triglycerides by the determination of glyceride glycerol according to Carlson [2], and serum lipoprotein electrophoresis was performed on agarose gel [3]. Cholesterol content [4] of alpha-lipoproteins ("alpha-LP cholesterol") was obtained in serum after the precipitation of very-low-density lipoproteins(VLDL) and low-density lipoproteins(LDL) by manganese chloride and heparin [5]. Preparative ultracentrifugation was performed in a one-step, gradient procedure [6] isolating VLDL, d less than 1.006, LDL, d 1.006--1.063 g/ml and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) including very-high-density lipoproteins, d greater than 1.063 g/ml, or alternatively at d 1.006 g/ml according to the procedure by Gustafson et al. [7].

Cholesterol↗
PubMed1975

Diagnosis of ventricular septal defect in acute myocardial infarction without cardiac catheterization.

Five patients with acute myocardial infarction and a systolic murmur suggestive of ventricular septal rupture or mitral regurgitation have been examined by external vascular isotope dilution curves over the chest after i.v. injection of 125I-hippuran. In three patients these isotope dilution curves showed signs of left-to-right shunting of blood, and subsequent autopsy demonstrated the presence of ventricular septal defect. In two patients there was no sign of left-to-right shunting, and these patients recovered.

Aged↗
PubMed1975

Nutrition in low-birth-weight infants. III. Lipolysis and free fatty acid elimination after intravenous administration of fat emulsion.

Triglyceride linoleic acid in a fat emulsion for intravenous administration (Intralipid) was used as a marker in an evaluation of fat metabolism in newborn low-birth-weight (LBW) infants. Qualitative data on fatty acids as well as quantification of triglycerides and free fatty acids were obtained by gas-liquid chromatography. Influences on these parameters after a single and after repeated injections of Intralipid revealed differences between low-birth-weight infants appropriate-for-date (AFD) (n=8) and those light-for-date (LFD) (n=5). The LFD exhibited in comparison with the AFD infants an impaired lipolysis of injected triglycerides and a retarded elimination from plasma of released free fatty acids. In LFD, in general, this resulted in triglyceride accumulation and low free fatty acid levels. Heparin facilitated plasma triglyceride lipolysis and free fatty acid elimination from the blood stream.

Birth Weight↗
PubMed1975

Studies in cholestasis of pregnancy.

Forty-one pregnant women with pruritus, in whom cholestasis was verified by the presence in their serum of an abnormal lipoprotein, lipoprotein-X (LP-X), were divided into two clinical groups, pruritus gravidarum (PG) (n=20) and hepatosis of pregnancy (HP) (n=21) in relation to serum bilirubin (below and above 1.2 mg/100 ml, respectively) and/or SGOT, SGPT (below and above 50 units/l, respectively). In HP, but not in PG, serum lipids, i.e. cholesterol, phospholipids, triglycerides, pre-beta-lipoproteins (very-low-density lipoproteins), and low-density lipoproteins were increased and high-density lipoproteins decreased when compared with suitable controls. Serum lipids were elevated in proportion to the derangement in the liver function tests, alkaline phosphatase, SGOT, and SGPT. The occurrence of LP-X was inversely related to HDL cholesterol, suggesting a causal relationship between HDL lipid metabolism and the presence of LP-X. Serum TIBC, Simplastin A, and serum iron were elevated in HP in relation to the degree of deterioration of liver function tests. Some of these changes in serum in cholestatic pregnancy may partially (serum triglycerides and pre-beta-lipoproteins) or completely (TIBC and Simplastin A) be explained by an enhanced estrogen influence in promoting increased liver lipid/protein metabolism.

Alanine Transaminase↗
PubMed1975

Treatment of pruritus in cholestasis of pregnancy with a new anion exchange resin (Secholex).

Anion exchange resins form a non-absorbable complex with bile acids in the intestine, thus removing bile acids from the enterohepatic circulation and facilitating bile acid excretion in the faeces. A new bile acid sequestrant (PDX chloride, Secholex) was evaluated for the relief of pruritus in cholestasis of pregnancy (CP) in 31 women. CP was verified by the presence of the abnormal lipoprotein X in serum and the clinical series was divided into two degrees of severity, pruritus gravidarum (PG) and hepatosis of pregnancy (HP) based on liver function tests. Eleven of 31 women discontinued treatment because of gastro-intestinal side effects. Of the 20 women continuing the study for more than one week, all with a milder form of cholestasis, PG (n=8), experienced relief of pruritus, while some relief was obtained in 75% of the women with HP. After up to 4 weeks administration of Secholex, no obvious interference with fat absorption was evident judging from the serum lecithin content of linoleic and arachidonic acids. A reduction in serum folic acid might indicate an interaction in folic acid absorption. An expected reduction in serum cholesterol levels which are characteristically increased in CP, was not achieved by the administration of Secholex.

Anion Exchange Resins↗
PubMed1975

Studies in cholestasis of pregnancy. V. Gallbladder disease, liver function tests, serum lipids and fatty acid composition of serum lecithin in the non-pregnant state.

Women from an earlier series of cholestasis of pregnancy (CP) were called for a retrospective study to consider presence of gallstones in the gallbladder (evaluated by cholecystography), liver function tests, serum lipids and lipoproteins and the relative fatty acid composition of serum lecithin (as determined by GLC). The attendance in the retrospective study was 60%. Estimated on the total series (assuming that none of the non-responders would have a positive X-ray), the incidence of gallbladder disease was 23.7%. Among women with previous cholestasis of pregnancy and with a positive X-ray finding no characteristic changes in liver function tests or serum lipids were revealed. The women with positive X-ray had, however, a lower alpha-lipoprotein cholesterol than women with negative X-ray. A characteristic finding among women with positive X-ray was furthermore the low relative content of palmitic acid (16:0) in serum lecithin. Also women with negative X-ray had a lower relative content of palmitic acid than controls. It is suggested that the low palmitic acid content is expressive of an influence on liver lecithin synthesis pathways and that the serum lecithin fatty acid composition reflects similar changes in bile lecithin. The "basic defect" in CP influencing liver lecithin synthesis might be the primary cause for disturbed cholesterol solubility in bile and of the frequent occurrence of gallstones in CP.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

Studies in cholestasis of pregnancy. III. Fatty acid composition of serum phosphoglycerides.

The influence of cholestasis of pregnancy (CP) on liver lipid synthesis as reflected by the composition of serum phosphoglycerides was studied in 28 pregnant women in the last trimester by means of gas-liquid-chromatography (GLC). All patients complained of pruritus and had immunologically detectable lipoprotein-X (LP-X) in serum. Twenty women with uncomplicated pregnancies served as a control series. In lecithin, low palmitic acid (16:0) and high oleic acid (18:1 (n-9)) were found which appear to be characteristic for CP. The increased oleic acid suggests an enhanced liver lecithin synthesis through the cytidine-diphosphate diglyceride pathway. Measurement of the concentrations of lecithin from the gas-liquid-chromatograms was made possible by the use of an internal standard fatty acid added, which gave a linear relation to direct determination of lecithin. For further studies of influences of cholestasis of pregnancy on the relative fatty acid composition, lecithin was chosen because differences between lecithin (PC) and phosphoglycerides (GPL) were found, evidently due to mutual variations among the three components in GPL (lecithin, cephalin and lysolecithin).

Cholestasis↗
PubMed1975

Studies in normal pregnancy. I. Serum lipids and fatty acid composition of serum phosphoglycerides.

Elevated serum lipids in normal pregnancy have been confirmed by the present study. In normal pregnancy the relative fatty acid composition of serum lecithin was characteristically high in palmitic acid (15:0). From the present knowledge of lipid metabolism in pregnancy there is no obvious explanation for this finding. Furthermore, the serum lecithin relative fatty acid composition mirrored a possible dietary influence with a decrease in the essential fatty acid, linoleic (18:2) and arachidonic (20:4) acids and of the sum of the fatty acid of the linoleic acid series (n-6). This expression for a relative deficiency in essential fatty acids might be due to changes in dietary habits during pregnancy, e.g. an increase in particularly refined carbohydrates. Reciprocal changes in oleic (18:1) and linoleic (18:2) acids further support this suggestion. An expected increase in serum lecithin containing arachidonic acid (20:4)-due to estrogen influence on liver lecithin synthesis-could not be verified in week 34 of the normal pregnancy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

Studies on human serum high-density lipoproteins (HDL). IV. Isolation of lipoprotein families after incubation of HDL.

The high-density lipoproteins (HDL) of human serum appear to be unstable and easily exposed to chemical changes during isolation. In earlier studies we have isolated and purified HDL subfractions either in the presence of an SH-blocking agent, DTNB, or in the cold. By both procedures reproducible lipoprotein subfractions could be recovered by hydroxyl apatite column chromatography at the elution steps 0.03-0.05 mol/l (subfraction II) and 0.05-0.15 mol/l phosphate buffer (subfraction III). The protein moiety of both lipoprotein subfractions contained polypeptides A-I , A-II, thin line (TL), C-I and C-II, and the protein moiety of subfraction III contained also C-III. The incubation at 37 degrees C of these HDL subfractions gave reproducible daughter lipoprotein fractions that could be recovered by subsequent rechromatography on hydroxyl apatite. At each of the elution steps 0.05-0.075 mol/l and 0.075-0. mol/l one daughter fraction was recovered, the protein moiety of which was composed of polypeptide A-I, as judged by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, immunodiffusion, and amino acid analysis. The incubation of parent subfractions II and III caused also the appearance at elution step 0.001-0.01 mol/l of a daughter lipoprotein fraction - lipoprotein A (Lp-A) - that was characterized by a protein moiety with polypeptides A-I and A-II in equal amounts. The 'release' of lipoprotein A-I (Lp-A-I) and Lp-A was shown to be due rather to the incubation than to the column chromatography as such. The chemical changes occurring during the incubation of HDL suggested a degradation of phosphatidylcholine (PC) to lysophosphatidylcholine (lyso-PC) and glycerylphosphorylcholine (GPC). It is suggested that the degradation of PC might interfere with the interaction between the lipoprotein families composing HDL.

Amino Acids↗