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Biomedical subjects

A H Brightman

Publications and source records attributed to A H Brightman.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1996

Identification of lactoferrin in bovine tears.

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether bovine tear film contains the iron-binding glycoprotein, lactoferrin. ANIMALS: 40 Adult Hereford, Angus, and Simmental cattle. PROCEDURE: Protein analysis: pooled bovine tears were used for protein analysis (size exclusion high-performance liquid chromatography [HPLC] fractionation). HPLC was used for tear analysis. A diode array detector was used (215 and 280 microns) for chromatogram analysis and comparisons. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE): protein electrophoresis was performed, using 7.5% running gels with 4% stacking gels. Molecular weight of proteins in the unknown samples was determined as recommended by the manufacturer of the standards. Protein sequencing: amino acid sequencing, using automated Edman degradation of HPLC purified protein, was performed. The sequence obtained was compared with the known protein sequence of bovine lactoferrin. RESULTS: HPLC analysis of whole bovine tears resulted in a consistent chromatogram. Peak collection was performed to recover a protein from the bovine tear film with chromatogram characteristics nearly identical to purified bovine lactoferrin. Silver-stained SDS-PAGE of this peak revealed a band with molecular mass consistent with bovine lactoferrin (estimated mass of 78 kd). The first 13 amino acid residues of this protein were identical to the amino acid sequence of bovine lactoferrin. CONCLUSION: Analysis of whole bovine tears, using size exclusion HPLC, SDS-PAGE, and amino acid sequencing, provided evidence that bovine tears contain lactoferrin. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Lactoferrin probably exerts a bacteriostatic effect in bovine tear film. Locally produced lactoferrin may bathe the ocular surface and sequester iron from potential pathogens.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1991

Ocular disease in FeLV-positive cats: 11 cases (1981-1986).

A total of 147 cats positive for FeLV were retrospectively studied to determine the incidence of ocular disease. Of those cats, 97 had clinical cases of the disease and 50 were artificially infected with the virus. The incidence of ocular disease among FeLV-positive cats with clinical signs of disease was less than 2%, and represented less than 0.1% of the total feline cases for the 5-year period studied. The only ocular findings that could be associated with FeLV were pupillary and motility abnormalities. Retinal hemorrhage and subsequent degeneration found in experimentally infected and naturally infected cats were secondary to profound anemia, which was secondary to FeLV infection. On the basis of the literature and our findings, FeLV is not a major cause of primary or secondary ocular disease in the cat. Anterior uveal disease (iris bombé) was detected in 1 of 147 FeLV-positive cats, and the incidence of secondary infectious disease was zero.

Anemia↗
PubMed1991

Lysozyme concentrations in the tears of cattle, goats, and sheep.

Tear samples were collected from 1 eye of each of 40 cows, 27 sheep, 5 goats, and 5 human beings. Additionally, 10 bovine tear samples were pooled and concentrated. Spectrophotometric assays, using Micrococcus lysodeikticus, were performed on each sample to detect lysozyme activity expressed in hen egg lysozyme (HEL) equivalents. Lysozyme activity was not detected in tears of cows, but 158.8 +/- 159.3 mg of HEL/ml was detected in tears of sheep, 220.7 +/- 37.5 mg of HEL/ml in tears of goats, and 216.3 +/- 86.2 mg of HEL/ml in tears of human beings. In pooled bovine tear samples, lysozyme activity was not detected on plate assay and lysozyme protein was not detected on polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, column chromatography, or immunoelectrophoresis with rabbit anti-bovine tear antibodies. On the basis of these observations, we concluded that the basic ocular protective mechanism in bovine tears is not lysozyme. Other anti-bacterial proteins such as lactoferrin, transferrin, complement, or beta-lysin may, therefore, be of primary importance in protecting the bovine eye.

Albumins↗
PubMed1990

Effects of intracameral injection of viscoelastic solutions on corneal endothelium in dogs.

Contact in vivo wide-field specular microscopy was performed on right eyes of 20 healthy dogs after sodium hyaluronate (1%, n = 5), sodium chondroitin sulfate (4%) and sodium hyaluronate (3%, n = 5), hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (2%, n = 5), or balanced salt solution (control, n = 5) was injected into the anterior chamber. Using computerized morphometric analysis and pachymetry, changes in endothelial cell density, cell morphologic features, and corneal thickness from baseline values were evaluated at postinjection hour (PIH) 72 and PIH 168. Changes were not seen in endothelial cell density or cell morphologic features in any treated eye. The mean corneal thickness of all treated eyes at PIH 72 increased 6%, significantly greater than that of the nontreated eyes (P = 0.03). Mean corneal thickness of treated and nontreated eyes was similar at baseline and PIH 168 in all treatment groups.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Autogenous lamellar corneal grafting in dogs.

Lamellar, autogenous, corneal grafts were performed on 9 clinically normal dogs (1 eye in each of 2 dogs and both eyes in each of 7 dogs) and 7 dogs with corneal disease (1 eye in each dog). Nylon, polyglycolic acid, polyglactin 910, and polydioxanone suture materials were used in 8-0 to 10-0 sizes. The eyes of the normal dogs were examined weekly for up to 16 weeks; corneal endothelium was reestablished in all eyes by 6 weeks after surgery. The eyes of the dogs with corneal disease were reexamined periodically for up to 9 months. Twenty-two of 23 (95.7%) grafts were considered successful in that they were translucent, and the dogs were able to see after surgery. The suture materials that caused the least tissue reaction were nylon and polyglactin 910. This procedure is indicated for chronic descemetoceles and other perforating corneal disease. It has the advantage of rapidly resolving severe corneal disease, with a high degree of success.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Parosteal osteosarcoma of the mandible in a dog.

A mandibular parosteal osteosarcoma was diagnosed in a 7-year-old Collie with prolapse of the third eyelid. Diagnosis was made by histologic evaluation of a mass removed by surgical excision. The dog was euthanatized because of local recurrence of the tumor, with metastasis to the lungs. Parosteal osteosarcomas are rarely reported in dogs and usually involve long bones in human beings.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Effects of intracameral injection of viscoelastic solutions on intraocular pressure in dogs.

Intraocular pressure (IOP) was determined in right eyes of 20 healthy dogs after sodium hyaluronate (1%, n = 5), sodium chondroitin sulfate (4%) and sodium hyaluronate (3%, n = 5), hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (2%, n = 5), or balanced salt solution (control, n = 5) was injected into the anterior chamber. Applanation tonometry was used to measure IOP in both eyes of each dog for up to 168 hours. The 3 viscoelastic solutions resulted in an increased mean IOP by postinjection hours (PIH) 2; from PIH 12 until PIH 72, the IOP was significantly (P less than 0.001) lower than baseline. The control group did not have an increase in IOP at PIH 2; mean IOP decreased below baseline measurements within 2 hours and remained lower until PIH 72. Mean differences in IOP were not found among treated eyes (P = 0.50), and a significant interaction of any treated eyes in a group was not detected (P = 0.21). By PIH 168, the IOP approached baseline values in all groups.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1989

Effect of epidermal growth factor on healing of corneal endothelial cells in cats.

Epidermal growth factor was injected intracamerally into the anterior chamber of the right eye of 9 cats. The central portion of the cornea in 8 of the 9 cats that had been cryoinjured. Effect of epidermal growth factor on the repair of endothelial cells in cats was evaluated by endothelial specular microscopy. Endothelial cell density and corneal thickness were studied quantitatively, as a measure of endothelial cell function. The repair process also was evaluated qualitatively by studying morphologic changes, developing as a result of reendothelialization and return to normal function. Seemingly, differences between rate of healing of cryoinjured eyes injected with epidermal growth factor and that in nontreated eyes were not significant (P = 0.86). The endothelial repair process was characterized by enlargement and migration of adjacent noninjured cells.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Effect of removal of lacrimal and third eyelid glands on Schirmer tear test results in cats.

Schirmer tear tests I and II values for 10 healthy cats were 16.2 +/- 3.8 mm/min and 13.2 +/- 3.4 mm/min, respectively. Surgical removal of the lacrimal gland or the third eyelid gland from the left eye resulted in decreased Schirmer tear test-I values. Clinical signs of keratoconjunctivitis sicca were not seen until the lacrimal and third eyelid glands were removed, at which time the Schirmer tear test-I value was close to 0 mm/min. Conjunctival glands (accessory lacrimal glands of Krause and Wolfring) appeared to contribute little to tear production in these cats.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Intraocular melanoma with multiple metastases in a cat.

An 11-year-old cat with an intraocular melanoma was treated for 2 years for the secondary effects of the tumor (glaucoma, exposure keratitis) before enucleation was required. One year after enucleation, the cat was examined because of labored breathing. The cat was thin, appeared depressed, and had signs of respiratory compromise secondary to pleural effusion. Treatment was not instituted, and the cat was euthanatized. Metastasis of the primary melanoma to the lungs, pericardium, parietal pleura, mediastinum, hilar lymph nodes, diaphragm, liver, and omentum was confirmed at necropsy. Intraocular melanomas in the cat have been implicated to have a greater malignant potential than those in the dog; however, few cases have been reported with long-term follow-up information.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Intraocular findings in three dogs and one cat with chronic glaucoma.

Intraocular neoplasia may cause secondary glaucoma. If an intraocular prosthesis is placed in an eye with glaucoma secondary to intraocular neoplasia, the neoplasm frequently regrows around the prosthetic ball, resulting in recurrence of buphthalmos and signs of pain. Histologic examination of eviscerated intraocular contents of 4 animals resulted in diagnosis of intraocular neoplasia in 2 glaucomatous eyes and ruled out neoplasia as the cause of glaucoma in 2 eyes.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Glaucoma associated with a high number of mast cells in the uveal tract of an African lion cub.

An 8-week-old male lion cub (Panthera leo) was referred for evaluation of an enlarged and reddened left eye. Ocular examination revealed a buphthalmic left globe, with corneal edema, superficial neovascularization, moderate episcleral injection, a fixed dilated pupil, and an intraocular pressure of greater than 41.5 mm of Hg as measured by the Schiotz tonometer and a human conversion chart. A diagnosis of glaucoma was made. A silicone prosthesis was implanted after evisceration of the intraocular contents. Histologic examination of the eviscerated uveal tissue revealed numerous congested and dilated vessels of various sizes. Neutrophils were marginated along the vascular endothelium, and the uveal stroma was infiltrated by a few lymphocytes and numbers (3 to 30/hpf) of widely disseminated, well-differentiated mast cells with abundant, well-granulated cytoplasm.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Pupillotonia in a dog.

A 5-year-old German Shepherd Dog was examined because of anisocoria. Pupillatonia because of parasympathetic denervation of iris sphincter muscle was diagnosed. This finding, most commonly referred to as Adie's tonic pupil in human medical literature, illustrated such a case in a species other than man. Diagnosis consisted of measuring the change in size of the pupillary aperture in response to topical administration of 0.1% pilocarpine. It is hoped that this report will help practitioners to be cognizant of pupillatonia when sorting out anisocorias.

Adie Syndrome↗
PubMed1985

Extracapsular cataract extraction: an analysis of 240 operations in dogs.

A total of 240 extracapsular cataract extractions were performed on 214 dogs at the University of Illinois between 1968 and 1980. Overall success of the surgery, defined as restoration of functional vision for at least 6 weeks after surgery, was 79%. The success rates, on the basis of various parameters, were compared with the following results. The greater the number of years experience each surgeon had, the greater the surgical success rate. In dogs in which a second eye was operated on, the overall success rate on the second eye was approximately 20% less than that for the study as a whole. There was a significant difference in success rates between surgery on congenital and juvenile cataracts when compared with surgery on diabetic and senile cataracts, the first being 15% higher than the second. The success rate was 18% less for lensectomy with concurrent iridectomy than for lensectomy without iridectomy. There was no significant difference in success rates among the 3 procedures for extracapsular extraction used in this study, nor among the various breeds studied. There was no significant difference in the success rate of surgeries on the left eye, compared with surgeries on the right eye.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1984

Effect of atropine sulfate on tear production in the cat when used with ketamine hydrochloride and acetylpromazine maleate.

Schirmer I tear tests were done on 10 cats before and during anesthesia induced with ketamine hydrochloride in combination with acetylpromazine maleate, with and without atropine sulfate as a preanesthetic agent. Use of atropine sulfate alone decreased tear production from a mean base-line value of 16.9 +/- 3.7 mm/min to 8.2 +/- 4.9 mm/min, 10 minutes after its subcutaneous administration. Tear production continued to decrease from 8.2 +/- 4.9 mm/min to a mean of 2.3 +/- 2.5 mm/min at 30 minutes after the administration of the ketamine hydrochloride and acetylpromazine maleate combination.

Acepromazine↗
PubMed1983

Pathogenic bacteria and fungi associated with extraocular disease in the horse.

In 123 cases of external ocular disease in the horse, pathogenic microorganisms isolated with greatest frequency were Streptococcus sp (43.9%), Staphylococcus sp (24.2%), and Pseudomonas sp (13.8%). Fungi were isolated in 4.8% of the cases. In vitro testing showed that most of the Streptococcus sp isolants were sensitive to ampicillin, cephalothin, and carbenicillin. Most of the Staphylococcus sp isolants were sensitive to gentamicin, cephalothin, and bacitracin. Most of the Pseudomonas sp isolants were sensitive to polymyxin B and gentamicin.

Animals↗