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Biomedical subjects

A H Crisp

Publications and source records attributed to A H Crisp.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1979

Outcome of anorexia nervosa.

100 females with anorexia nervosa were followed up 4-8 years after first presentation. All but 12 had had refeeding and/or psychotherapy. 48 had a good outcome (weight at least near normal, regular menstruation, largely satisfactory mental state and psychosexual and psychosocial adjustments) but outcome was intermediate in 30, and poor in 20 patients. 2 had died. Poor outcome could be positively associated with clinical data such as longer duration of illness, older age of onset and presentation, lower weight during illness and at presentation, presence of symptoms such as bulimia, vomiting, and anxiety when eating with others, poor childhood social adjustment, and poor parental relationships.

Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMed1979

Weight and skeletal maturation - a study of radiological and chronological age in an anorexia nervosa population.

The carpal bones of 18 anorexia nervosa patients were radiographed and the X-ray age assessed by 2 different standard methods. The study demonstrates that skeletal development in anorexia nervosa patients is delayed such that there is no association between radiological assessment of age and chronological age. It is strongly suggested that bony development actually ceases when body weight falls sufficiently to stop menstruation. There was a highly significant (P = 0.001) linear relationship between radiological age and the sum of the age of onset of the illness plus any period(s) of re-feeding. Weight gain seems to re-kindle the bone maturing mechanisms: the role of weight thresholds and associated hormone activity being discussed. The findings of this study strongly support the existing evidence that the anorexia nervosa patient is biologically and psychologically immature.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Comparisons of weight concepts in groups of neurotic, normal and anorexic females.

A group of normal women and a group of women in hospital for treatment of a neurosis but without a disorder of eating were compared with a group of anorexic patients in terms of their attitudes to weight. All subjects completed a rank order form of repertory grid. Differences in construct patterning between the anorexic patients and the other female groups could not be accounted for by social class, age or neurotic disorder. The most psychologically significant finding was a positive correlation between the constructs self at normal weight and ideal weight instead of a negative correlation which clinical experience would lead one to expect. Four explanations are proposed to account for this finding.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Short-term effects of CHO, fat and protein loads on total tryptophan/tyrosine levels in plasma as related to %REM sleep.

The effect on plasma amino acid levels and sleep parameters of three experimental diet conditions was investigated in 12 healthy young men. A total of 71 sleep records and 715 plasma samples were analysed for %REM (TDT) and total plasma tryptophan and tyrosine respectively. The ratio of tryptophan to tyrosine was virtually the same under the fat supplement as under the nosupplement conditions. The ratio associated with the CHO load was found to be 14 per cent higher, however. A 29 per cent higher value found with the Protein load may be misleading due to the nature of the supplement used. %REM (TDT) was not found to be significantly related to any of the above conditions.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Personality, body weight and ultimate outcome in anorexia nervosa.

The Eysenck Personality Inventory, a highly standardized self-rating questionnaire, allows 2 measures of psychosocial functioning on independent scales entitled "emotionally" and "extroversion/introversion." A population of severely ill, low body weight anorectics revealed a high degree of "introversion" and variable amounts of "emotionality" on these measures. Low amounts of "emotionality" were associated with abnormally high "lie" scores. Following restoration of body weight to full matched population mean levels within an intensive treatment program, significant changes occurred on these measures--increased extroversion scores, decreased emotionality and lie scores. However, possibly qualitative changes had occurred in the state of emotionality since high levels were now related to good clinical outcome many years later. The nature of this phenomenon is discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

The immediate effects of intravenous specific nutrients on EEG sleep.

This study examined the immediate influence of intravenous amino acids and glucose on sleep as measured by all-night EEG recording. The study on 9 normal female subjects was of a latin-square design. Slow wave sleep (SWS) was increased by both solutions whilst dream sleep (REM) was decreased by amino acids and increased by glucose. Total sleep time was not affected. Subjective feelings as to restlessness, quality and depth of sleep under the impact of the various solutions were gathered. The work further elucidates the effect of nutrition on sleep and supports certain theories as to the function of the main sleep component.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

The Middlesex Hospital Questionnaire: a validity study.

The MHQ is a brief self-rating inventory purporting to measure aspects of six distinct categories of psychoneurosis and affective status. It has been found to be a reliable instrument and also valid as a profile measure. Two individual scales have also previously been explored in respect of validity. The present report describes a further attempt to examine the validity of individual scales in relation to pertinent single clinical diagnostic entities in a study involving 800 patients. The phobic and obsessional scales are found to be particularly accurate and differentiating in this respect. Patients variously diagnosed as suffering from anxiety states, depressive states and personality disorder tend to score very highly on several scales. The instrument serves overall to distinguish satisfactorily between such populations and others suffering from schizophrenia and anorexia nervosa. It also markedly differentiates them from 'normal' populations.

Anorexia Nervosa↗
PubMed1978

Psychoneurotic profiles in the adult population.

Self-reported psychoneurotic characteristics and aspects of affective status have been examined within the adult population of a market town and the surrounding rural community using a standardized instrument. Features of anxiety in particular are more common amongst females than males, peaking in the third, fourth (phobic avoidance behaviour being also especially evident at this time) and fifth decades of life. Many of the characteristics are also importantly related to age in both sexes and to social class. Some are widespread within the population and probably reflect more enduring personality traits. Others are less common, more age specific (e.g. early adult life, middle age, the menopause in females; the involutional period in males) and are probably more often construed by the individuals concerned and by others as 'illness'. The similarity of the relevant segment of the present profiles to those previously obtained from a suburban population aged 40-65 years is noteworthy. The most likely interpretation is that the measuring instrument is reliable and that the reporting behaviour of psychoneurotic and effective characteristics and morbidity is identical in both populations.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Symptoms without signs in outpatients attending ophthalmology clinics.

Ophthalmic outpatients without physical signs have been shown, as a group, to be significantly more anxious and depressed than a control group. They also have a higher incidence of somatic complaints of a kind commonly made by patients with psychiatric 'disorder'. There was a higher incidence of past psychiatric history in the proband group, and they also gave a greater subjective assessment of recent conscious life stress.

Eye Diseases↗
PubMed1978

An investigation of the immune response of patients suffering from anorexia nervosa.

Patients suffering from anorexia nervosa rarely appear to develop the common cold or influenza. This study examines the immunological response of fifteen female anorexia nervosa patients of both the vomiting and carbohydrate-abstaining type and compares them with a control population matched for age and occupation. Both anorectics and control populations received the admune influenza vaccine. Initially both groups had similar haemagglutination inhibition titres against the three different viral antigens: A/HK; A/PC; A/Eng. However, the anorectics showed over a 2-month period a higher titre of antibody especially to the Hong Kong virus: this was sigignificant. Cellular immune responses were measured using a tuberculin and a macrophage inhibition test, no significant difference between the two groups was obderved. These results which support the clinical findings are discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Teaching psychotherapy in mental hospitals.

This paper deals with the early results and problems of establishing and developing a regional training programme in psychotherapy, using peripatetic senior lecturers. The difficulties of a psycho-analytic approach to psychotherapy in mental hospitals are discussed, and a model of psychotherapy more suitable for general application in mental hospitals and district general hospital psychiatric units is proposed.

Education, Medical, Graduate↗