PubMed Health⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

A H Reinhardt-Rutland

Publications and source records attributed to A H Reinhardt-Rutland.

54 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

Interaural transfer of aftereffect of changing sound level in a tone.

Monaural and interaural aftereffects of unidirectional change of sound level in a tone, were measured by a nulling procedure. The former were always much greater than the latter, demonstrating limited interaural transfer of the aftereffect. This is seen as evidence for a peripheral component in the analysis of changing sound level. Such analysis may contribute to the localization of moving sound sources. An additional, and incidental, finding was that a tone without adaptation elicited a perception of steady loudness when its sound level was diminishing slightly. This is consistent with previous evidence.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Aftereffect of induced rotation: number of pattern elements and area of pattern in inducing stimulus.

Previous research has suggested that aftereffect of induced rotation can be longer when the number of pattern elements in the inducing stimulus is greater. This was explained by the amount of shearing between pattern elements of inducing and static stimuli. However, the results might also be explained by the greater area occupied by a greater number of pattern elements. The present experiment used three inducing stimuli, in which number of pattern elements and area of pattern were varied independently, to test between these hypotheses. The former was corroborated and the latter refuted.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Note on nonveridical visual perception and pedestrian accidents at night.

It is sometimes supposed that increase of pedestrian conspicuity could lead to substantial reductions in pedestrian accidents at night. Available evidence is, however, not particularly encouraging. It is suggested that other factors affecting drivers' and pedestrians' perception may be involved.

Acceleration↗
PubMed1985

Nonveridical factors of visual perception and close following on the road.

Close following on the road, identified as contributing to accidents, may be partly explained as an involuntary response to nonveridical perceptual factors. These factors concern (a) underestimation of the driver's own speed and (b) incorrect estimations of the distance away and speed of the vehicle ahead of the driver.

Automobile Driving↗
PubMed1985

Note on stimulus error and the experienced subject in psychophysical research.

Experienced subjects participate in some psychophysical research. While they may be more responsive to experimental stimuli than naive subjects, they may not be immune from stimulus error, the tendency for subjects to bias their responses given known physical characteristics of the stimulus. A brief examination of the literature concerning processing of changing sound-level and visual spatial frequency may support this contention.

Human Experimentation↗
PubMed1984

Negative aftereffect arising from prolonged viewing of induced movement-in-depth.

Prolonged induced movement-in-depth in a static circle was elicited by a spiral stimulus. Afterwards an aftereffect was observed in the circle. The aftereffect was towards the subject after induced movement away from the subject, and away from the subject after induced movement towards the subject. Longer aftereffect was observed with a circle central to the inducing stimulus than with a circle peripheral to the inducing stimulus. In contrast to some other psychophysical effects, no clear-cut directional asymmetry was observed.

Adaptation, Ocular↗
PubMed1983

Aftereffect of induced rotation: separation of inducing and static areas, and monocular component.

The present investigation shows that the aftereffect of induced rotation is observable when there is a large separation of inducing and static areas; it also has a substantial monocular component. These points are consistent with the possible involvement of lateral inhibition in movement detectors. (a) A recent study shows the importance of a peripheral inducing stimulus, and therefore presumably peripheral movement detectors; other psychophysical evidence shows that such detectors have large receptive fields and inhibitory surrounds. (b) Other effects probably involving lateral inhibition in movement detectors have a large monocular component.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Induced movement-in-depth: relative location of static stimulus and direction asymmetry.

A rotating spiral stimulus induced prolonged movement-in-depth in a static circle concentric with its origin. Both were coated in luminous paint and viewed monocularly in the dark. Analysis showed that (a) longer induced movement was observed in the circle when it was central than when it was peripheral to the inducing stimulus, and (b) induced movement was perceived longer when towards the subject than when away from the subject.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Aftereffect of induced rotation: number of radial lines in inducing stimulus.

Duration of aftereffect of induced rotation was shown to increase with the number of uniformly-spaced radial lines in an inducing stimulus. Possible explanations could be based on (a) the amount of shearing between radial lines in the inducing and static stimuli during adaptation, or (b) the angular displacement required for the inducing stimulus to assume again its initial form. Results for 5 women and 3 men from an inducing stimulus with non-uniformly spaced radial lines suggested that (a) was more important.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Peripheral movement, induced movement, and aftereffects from induced movement.

Substantial rotatory induced movement and aftereffects associated with induced movement were observed in a large statis patterned disc bounded at its periphery by a rotating patterned annulus. The area of the annulus was less than one tenth that of the disc, so its peripheral location seemed to be important in eliciting these phenomena. This was confirmed in two experiments comparing a peripheral annulus and a relatively central anulus in their ability to elicit induced movement and aftereffects in the same large static field. Aspects of the vection (induced self-movement) phenomenon may have been involved in generation of induced movement. This suggested that the motion-inducing properties of the peripheral annulus might have derived from: (i) its eccentric location in the perceiver's visual field; or (ii) its location with regard to the display itself. Two further experiments showed that (ii) was important for the elicitation of both induced movement and the aftereffects, and (i) was important for the elicitation of induced movement. Neurons responsive to relative movement in conjunction with lateral inhibition may provide a partial explanation for these effects. However, they do not explain why the visual system can assign considerable movement to a large static field under the conditions of these experiments.

Adult↗