Biomedical subjects
A H Wolff
Publications and source records attributed to A H Wolff.
Inhaled steroids in the treatment of asthma.
The authors present a review of recent data that is relevant to the effects of inhaled steroids on the bone growth of asthma patients. The authors recommend appropriate treatment plans based on this review and the NHBLI/NIH guidelines for the management of asthma.
Acute cutaneous toxoplasmosis presenting as erythroderma.
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Effect of inhaled corticosteroid on bone density in asthmatic patients: a pilot study.
We investigated the effect of long-term inhaled (ICS) and oral corticosteroid (OCS) therapy on bone density by using single and dual photon absorptiometry. We studied a group of five asthmatic patients who inhaled an average of 326 micrograms/day of beclomethasone dipropionate equivalents for 50 months (range 36 to 62 months) and a control group of five asthmatic patients on OCS, who used 12.5 mg of prednisone equivalents daily for an average of 57 months (range 22 to 120 months). The ICS group's average bone densities relative to age and sex-matched controls were 99.7%, 99.2%, and 90.0% for the radius, spine, and hip, respectively. The OCS group's average bone densities relative to age-matched and sex-matched controls were 94.4%, 85.4%, and 84.5% for the identical sites. A dose-response relationship between the cumulative dose of ICS and the relative bone density was absent in the study group but demonstrable in the control group of asthmatics on long-term OCS therapy. These results suggest that ICS therapy, unlike OCS, may not induce bone loss at the doses used by our subjects. Further research is required to determine whether a single user of ICS with unusually low bone density measurements represents a biologic variant, or a subgroup of patients who are especially sensitive to the systemic effects of ICS.
Slow recovery from severe foodborne botulism.
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Kingella kingae endocarditis: report of a case and review of the literature.
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Heat exchanges in wet suits.
Flow of water under foam neoprene wet suits could halve insulation that the suits provided, even at rest in cold water. On the trunk conductance of this flow was approximately 6.6 at rest and 11.4 W . m-2 . C-1 exercising; on the limbs, it was only 3.4 at rest and 5.8 W . m-2 . degrees C-1 exercising; but during vasoconstriction in the cold, skin temperatures on distal parts of limbs were lower than were those of the trunk, allowing adequate metabolic responses. In warm water, minor postural changes and movement made flow under suits much higher, approximately 60 on trunk and 30 W . m-2 . degrees C-1 on limbs, both at rest and at work. These changes in flow allowed for a wide range of water temperatures at which people could stabilize body temperature in any given suit, neither overheating when exercising nor cooling below 35 degrees C when still. Even thin people with 4- or 7- mm suits covering the whole body could stabilize their body temperatures in water near 10 degrees C in spite of cold vasodilatation. Equations to predict limits of water temperature for stability with various suits and fat thicknesses are given.
Impaired memory registration and speed of reasoning caused by low body temperature.
Volunteers' body core temperatures were lowered by immersion in water at 15 degrees C. Aspects of cognitive function were subsequently tested after rewarming had been started in water at 41 degrees C when their skin was warm and they felt comfortable but their body core temperature remained low. Memory registration was found to be impaired progressively when core temperature fell from about 36.7 degrees C; at core temperatures of 34-35 degrees C the impairment caused loss of approximately 70% of data that could normally be retained. However, recall of previously learned data was not impaired at these core temperatures. On a two-digit calculation test, speed of performance was impaired by about 50% at a core temperature of 34-35 degrees C, but provided enough time was available, accuracy of performance was not reduced.
Precision of analysis for waterborne chrysotile asbestos by transmission electron microscopy.
Detailed examinations of water samples were carried out to determine the precision of analysis for chrysotile asbestos by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Since the frequency distribution of counts fits a Poisson distribution, several statistical inferences were made, including (1) an estimate of precision, and (2) a model for determining the probability of observing chrysotile as a function of its concentration in water and magnitude of area scanned by TEM.
Carcinogenic chemicals in food as an environmental health issue.
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Nuclear power and public health.
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Wisdom of cyclamate ban.
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The role of atypical organisms in asthma.
Atypical organisms (Chlamydia pneumoniae, Mycoplasma pneumoniae) have been recently linked to asthma in various ways: an infection with these organisms may precede asthma onset, exacerbate asthma, or make asthma control more difficult. Their ability to elicit a TH2 response and promote airway inflammation may be the common pathway in the development of an atopic inflammatory response. This article presents a summary of the evidence that infection with Chlamydia pneumoniae or Mycoplasma pneumoniae may play a significance role in asthma.