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Biomedical subjects

A Høst

Publications and source records attributed to A Høst.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

Intestinal perforation in a two-year-old child with eosinophilic gastroenteritis.

A two-year-old boy underwent a laparatomy for an intestinal perforation due to eosinophilic gastroenteritis. He had marked peripheral blood eosinophilia and a small duodenal biopsy showed heavy eosinophilic infiltration in the mucosa. After 1 1/2 year on a restricted diet, a control duodenal biopsy showed only slight eosinophilia. Perforation of the small intestine is a rare but serious complication in eosinophilic gastroenteritis.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1990

Bovine beta-lactoglobulin in human milk from atopic and non-atopic mothers. Relationship to maternal intake of homogenized and unhomogenized milk.

Human milk samples (n = 300) were collected during a 3-week period from 10 healthy mothers and from 10 atopic mothers, all with healthy, solely breast-fed infants. The milk samples were analysed by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the content of bovine beta-lactoglobulin (BLG). In a cross-over design the atopic and non-atopic mothers alternated their intake of milk between homogenized and unhomogenized milk each week. On day 7, in each week, consecutive milk samples were taken before and 4, 8, 12 and 24 hr after a single ingestion of 500 ml of homogenized or unhomogenized milk. Detectable amounts of BLG (0.9-150 micrograms/l, median value 4.2 micrograms/l) were measured in 19/20 of the mothers (95%), in 9 of 10 atopic mothers and in all 10 of 10 non-atopic mothers. No correlation was found between the type of milk preparation (homogenized or unhomogenized) and the presence of BLG or the level of BLG in human milk. A great intra-individual and inter-individual variation of BLG level was found, and no relationship was observed between BLG levels and atopic status of the mothers. The interval between ingestion of 500 ml of milk and the maximal concentration of BLG on milk-free diet varied between 4 and 24 hr, median value 8 hr. The presence of BLG in human milk is a common finding in both atopic and non-atopic mothers.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Infants and children with cow milk allergy/intolerance. Investigation of the uptake of cow milk protein and activation of the complement system.

Seventeen children with challenge-verified cow milk allergy/intolerance (CMAI), age 3-78 months, median 12 months, were re-challenged with cow milk in increasing doses. All subjects developed symptoms, such as bronchospasm, rhinitis, diarrhoea, erythema or eczema. Blood samples were taken before and up to 24 h after the start of the challenge. The cow milk protein beta-lactoglobulin (BLG) was determined in serum with ELISA (lower detection limit 0.3 micrograms/l). BLG was detectable in five children at low levels (below 2 micrograms/l). Analysis of the size distribution of the BLG by size exclusion chromatography indicated immunoreactive material as small aggregates. Plasma samples were analysed by electroimmunoassay for complement factor split product C3d, which was not demonstrable above background values in any of the cases. CMAI in infants and children may not be related to systemic activation of the complement system and may be elicited without considerable amounts of immunoreactive BLG in the circulation.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

A prospective study of cow milk allergy in Danish infants during the first 3 years of life. Clinical course in relation to clinical and immunological type of hypersensitivity reaction.

A cohort of 1749 newborns from the municipality of Odense born during 1985 at the University Hospital were followed prospectively for the development of IgE-mediated and non-IgE-mediated cow milk allergy (CMA) during their first year. The diagnosis of CMA was based on the results of strict elimination/milk challenge procedures in a hospital setting, and continued clinical sensitivity to cow milk (CM) was assessed by rechallenging every 6-12 months until the age of 3 years. Further, in infants with CMA, the clinical course of adverse reactions to other foods and the development of allergy to inhalant allergens by 3 years were investigated. Of 117 (6.7%) with symptoms suggestive of CMA, the diagnosis of CMA was proven in 39 infants (2.2%). 64% showed cutaneous symptoms, 59% gastrointestinal symptoms, and 33% had respiratory symptoms. 92% had two or more symptoms and 72% symptoms from greater than or equal to 2 organ systems. Based on a positive skin prick test (greater than or equal to 2+) and/or AL-RAST class greater than or equal to 2 to CM 16 infants at the time of diagnosis, and at reinvestigation at 1 year, a further five infants giving a total of 21, were classified as having IgE-mediated CMA, 19 infants showed "immediate reactions" to CM (within 1 h after intake of 2.3 g milk protein) and 20 infants were "late reactors". No significant correlation between IgE-mediated CMA and "immediate reactions" to CM was demonstrated. The overall prognosis of CMA was good with a total recovery of 22/39 (56%) at 1 year, 30/39 (77%) at 2 years, and 34/39 (87%) at 3 years. Adverse reactions to other foods, particularly egg, citrus, tomato, developed in a total of 21/39 (54%) with the maximum point prevalence of 15/39 (38%) at 18 months, and 9/39 (23%) were still intolerant to other foods at 36 months. Inhalant allergy before 3 years developed in 11/39 (28%), particularly against dog and cat to which the infants had been exposed. Infants with CMA and early IgE sensitization to CM had an increased risk of persisting CMA (24%), development of persistent adverse reactions to other foods (38%), particularly egg white (29%), and finally, inhalant allergy (48%) before 3 years of age.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Reversibility of cortical hyperostosis following long-term prostaglandin E1 therapy in infants with ductus-dependent congenital heart disease.

Two neonates with complex cyanotic congenital heart disease, receiving long-term prostaglandin E1 infusion, for 59 and 78 days respectively, demonstrated significant radiographic changes of symmetric cortical hyperostosis of the long bones. Bone biopsies from one of the patients elucidated the histological changes and serial X-rays revealed regression of the hyperostosis. Long-term follow-up after 13 months did not reveal any late bony changes or growth disturbance.

Alprostadil↗
PubMed1988

Adrenal function in children with bronchial asthma treated with beclomethasone dipropionate or budesonide.

The effect of inhaled beclomethasone dipropionate and budesonide on the adrenal function was studied in 30 children (aged 7 to 15 years) with mild bronchial asthma. The trial was designed as a prospective double-blind parallel study of the effect of stepwise increase of either beclomethasone dipropionate or budesonide from 200 micrograms through 400 micrograms, to 800 micrograms daily in three consecutive periods of 4 weeks. At the end of each period, the adrenal stress response was evaluated by measurements of serum cortisol and androstenedione during a short adrenocorticotropic hormone test. The unstimulated diurnal production of glucocorticosteroids was assessed by measurements of free cortisol in 24-hour urine samples. Free cortisol in urine was found a valid measure of the total diurnal excretion of cortisol metabolites, since it exhibited a good correlation to the fractional cortisol metabolites measured by gas chromatography. The adrenal response to adrenocorticotropic hormone stimulation was unaffected by treatment or dose. The unstimulated diurnal production of glucocorticosteroids demonstrated a highly significant dose-related suppression in response to the inhaled steroids. No significant difference was found between the two topical steroids (probability value 5.3%), and yet the suppression was apparent in the group of children treated with beclomethasone dipropionate but not in the group of children treated with budesonide. Further studies are desirable in order to ascertain whether budesonide offers an improved ratio between beneficial anti-inflammatory effect and unwanted systemic activity.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Allergic reactions to raw, pasteurized, and homogenized/pasteurized cow milk: a comparison. A double-blind placebo-controlled study in milk allergic children.

Five children aged 12-40 months with IgE-mediated adverse reactions to cow milk (immediate onset clinical pattern of cow milk allergy) were orally challenged double-blind in random order with three different milk preparations processed from the same batch of milk 1) raw untreated cow milk, 2) pasteurized cow milk, 3) homogenized and pasteurized cow milk, and 4) Nutramigen (a commercial hypoallergenic infant formula based on hydrolysed casein) as placebo. Skin prick tests with the same preparations were also performed. On oral challenge the three different processed milk types provoked significant and similar allergic reactions in each child, and no adverse reactions followed the challenge with placebo (Nutramigen). Skin prick test with the same milk products were positive in all children and comparable to the results with an extract of purified raw cow milk protein (Soluprick), whereas Nutramigen did not elicit any skin reactions. A tendency towards a lower threshold of reaction and larger skin reactions induced by the processed milk preparations might indicate an increased ability of pasteurized and homogenized/pasteurized milk to evoke allergic reactions in patients allergic to milk.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

A prospective study of cow's milk allergy in exclusively breast-fed infants. Incidence, pathogenetic role of early inadvertent exposure to cow's milk formula, and characterization of bovine milk protein in human milk.

A cohort of 1,749 newborns in the municipality of Odense were followed prospectively for the development of cow's milk allergy (CMA) during their first year of life. Altogether 39 fulfilled the criteria for CMA (2.2%). Out of the 39 infants, 17 developed symptoms of CMA during breast-feeding, in all cases before the age of 3 months. Nine of these were solely breast-fed at the time of diagnosis, giving a one year incidence of CMA in exclusively breast-fed infants of 0.5% (9/1,749) in a study population with a frequency of exclusive breast-feeding of 52% at 3 months of age. None of the infants had signs of CMA in the neonatal period. Review of records from the newborn nursery revealed that all 9 infants had been exposed to cow's milk formula in amounts corresponding to approximately 0.4-3.0 g of beta-lactoglobulin (BLG) during the first three days of life. Human milk samples were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the content of bovine BLG. Detectable amounts (0.5-45 ng/ml) were found in 3/9 samples of human milk against which the infants reacted clinically. Analysis of the size distribution by high pressure liquid gel permeation chromatography in combination with ELISA indicated a molecular weight of BLG corresponding to that of monomeric BLG (18 kD). Possibly early inadvertent and occasional exposure to cow's milk proteins may initiate sensitization in predisposed neonates. Subsequent exposure to minute amounts of bovine milk proteins in human milk may act as booster doses eliciting allergic reactions.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Hypertrophic pyloric stenosis: determination of muscle dimensions by ultrasound.

To evaluate the usefulness of ultrasound in hypertrophic pyloric stenosis (HPS) and to analyse the correlation between the dimensions of the pyloric muscle and the age and the weight of the child, 34 children with suspected HPS and 34 controls were examined. An overlap between the dimensions of the pyloric muscle in the HPS group and in the controls stresses the need to assess the muscle length, the muscle diameter, and the muscle wall thickness in establishing the sonographic diagnosis of HPS. We found the following criteria useful: muscle length greater than or equal to 19 mm, muscle diameter greater than or equal to 10 mm, and muscle wall thickness greater than or equal to 4 mm. The results did not confirm previous reports of increasing dimensions of the pyloric muscle with age and weight.

Humans↗
PubMed1988

Serum zinc and copper concentrations in maternal and umbilical cord blood. Relation to course and outcome of pregnancy.

Abnormal serum zinc and copper concentrations in pregnant women have been associated with a number of maternal and foetal complications during pregnancy and delivery. However, the results of previous studies are contradictory and few large scale studies have been reported. In this study we measured serum zinc and copper concentrations in maternal and umbilical cord blood from 500 Danish mothers at delivery, looking for an association between serum zinc and copper levels and various maternal and foetal complications. Preterm infants (n = 30) had significantly lower serum copper concentrations than reference infants (n = 346) (p = 0.01), whereas there was no difference in serum zinc concentrations. Mothers of preterm infants (n = 34) did not differ in serum zinc or copper concentrations from reference mothers (n = 220). Small for date infants (n = 37) and mothers of small for date infants (n = 47) had higher serum copper levels than reference infants and mothers (p = 0.02 and p = 0.04, respectively), whereas there was no difference in serum zinc concentrations. Serum zinc and copper concentrations in malformed infants (n = 14) and their mothers (n = 17) did not differ from concentrations in reference infants and mothers. Serum zinc and copper concentrations in mothers with various other complications during pregnancy and delivery did not differ from values in mothers with normal pregnancies and deliveries.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Bone formation induced in an infant by systemic prostaglandin-E2 administration.

We report a case of long-term systemic administration of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) to a newborn infant with ductus-dependent congenital heart disease. After 46 days of treatment, radiography showed cortical hyperostosis of the long bones. The child died 62 days after discontinuation of prostaglandin treatment. Histologic examination of tubular bones showed hyperostosis presumably due to prostaglandin-induced rapid formation of primitive bone. The additional finding of extensive resorption of the outer cortical surface and bone formation at the inner surface suggested a reversible phase after discontinuation of treatment.

Bone Development↗
PubMed1988

Serum selenium concentration in maternal and umbilical cord blood. Relation to course and outcome of pregnancy.

The present knowledge of the role of selenium in human fetal and neonatal development is sparse. In this study we measured serum selenium concentrations in maternal and umbilical cord blood from 500 Danish mothers at delivery, looking for a relationship between various maternal and fetal complications and selenium values. In mothers with uncomplicated pregnancies and deliveries serum selenium concentrations were 0.84 +/- 0.19 mumol/l (mean +/- SD), whereas in cord blood from full-term babies born adequate for gestational age and with no malformations serum selenium concentrations were 0.60 +/- 0.11 mumol/l (mean +/- SD). Mothers who received mineral tablets (other than iron preparations) during pregnancy had significantly higher serum selenium values than unsupplemented mothers (0.92 versus 0.70 mumol/l) (p less than 0.001). Infants of mineral-supplemented mothers also had significantly higher serum selenium values than infants of unsupplemented mothers (0.62 versus 0.58 mumol/l) (p less than 0.001). Preterm infants had significantly lower serum selenium concentrations than full term infants (0.54 versus 0.60 mumol/l) (p = 0.01), whereas infants small for gestational age did not differ in serum selenium concentrations from infants adequate for gestational age. Serum selenium concentrations in malformed infants tended to be lower than in normal infants (0.55 versus 0.60 mumol/l) (p = 0.09), but the difference was not statistically significant, probably due to the small number. Serum selenium concentrations in mothers with various complications during pregnancy and delivery did not differ from values in mothers with uncomplicated pregnancies and deliveries.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Prostaglandin E1 treatment in ductus dependent congenital cardiac malformation. A review of the treatment of 34 neonates.

Thirty-four sick neonates with major duct dependent cardiac defects were given short term (1 h-408 h) intravenous infusions of prostaglandin E1 (alprostadil) in doses varying between 0.1 micrograms/kg/min (starting dose) and 0.01 micrograms/kg/min. The aim of the study was to establish an effective and safe regiment that could be initiated after clinical diagnosis of a severe duct dependent cardiac defect, whose clinical course would be adversely affected by ductus closure. After an initial dosage of 0.1 micrograms/kg/min, effective clinical improvement was achieved in 28 infants (82%). In all 28 responders, the effect was maintained at a reduced dosage of 0.05 micrograms/kg/min, and in 21 a low dosage of 0.01 micrograms/kg/min was effective. Side effects, which occurred in 21 infants (62%), were reversible and dose related, and no serious side effects were noted at a dosage of less than 0.05 micrograms/kg/min. A starting dose of 0.05 micrograms/kg/min with subsequent reduction is recommended, but in case of institution of treatment before transfer to a pediatric cardiac centre a lower starting dose of 0.01 micrograms/kg/min may be preferred.

Acidosis↗