Newborn cardiac arrhythmias associated with maternal caffeine use during pregnancy.
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Arrhythmias, Cardiac↗
Biomedical subjects
A Hadeed
Publications and source records attributed to A Hadeed.
Renal handling of calcium in the early newborn period.
Urinary calcium excretion was studied in two matched groups of 28 clinically-well preterm and fullterm infants between 24 and 48 hours of life. In the developmental period from 28 to 40 weeks gestation, urinary calcium excretion was positively correlated to the gestational age (r = 0.583, P less than 0.01), serum calcium levels (r = 0.512, P less than 0.01), the rate of glomerular filtration (r = 0.715, P less than 0.001), and urinary cyclic AMP excretion (r = 0.717, P less than 0.001). Urinary calcium excretion was independent of sodium and calcium intake, and urinary sodium and phosphate excretion. The mean fractional total calcium excretion and fractional ionized calcium excretion in babies less than or equal to 32 weeks was less than 1.0%, compared to greater than 2.5% for sodium. Serum calcium levels were positively correlated with gestational age (r = 0.803, P less than 0.001), and serum phosphate levels (r = 0.85, P less than 0.001). Whole blood ionized calcium levels were positively correlated to gestational age (r = 0.625, P less than 0.001), and serum total calcium levels (r = 0.440, P less than 0.05). The newborn kidney in babies less than or equal to 32 weeks gestation, did not have impaired conservation of calcium as for sodium; and neither sodium nor calcium intake appeared to affect urinary calcium excretion in the well newborn infant. Probably neither excess excretion of calcium nor serum phosphate levels contribute to early neonatal hypocalcemia.
Calcium↗
Plasma renin activity after birth and in the early newborn period.
Plasma renin activity (PRA) was studied during delivery in umbilical cord venous blood and serially in the first 48 hours of life. PRA after cesarean section without labor, 15.2 +/- 2.3 ng/ml/hr (mean and SEM), was less than after cesarean section with labor, 44.1 +/- 8.9 (P less than .02), and vaginal delivery, 34.7 +/- 4.3 (P less than .05). PRA decreased during the first 30 minutes after vaginal delivery from 34.7 +/- 4.3 ng/ml/hr to 19.3 +/- 3.5 (P less than .01); PRA subsequently increased by four hours of life to 38.6 +/- 6.7 mg/ml/hr (P less than .05) and remained elevated throughout the 48-hour study period. These data show that PRA is stimulated during labor, decreases postnatally, and is again restimulated in the early newborn period.
Cesarean Section↗
Respiratory behavior in near-miss sudden infant death syndrome.
Seventeen infants with unexplained prolonged apnea that has been designated near-miss sudden infant death syndrome were monitored for sleep and cardiorespiratory variables during a 12-hour, all-night recording session. Infants were matched for gestational age, sex, and age at recording with control infants. Respiratory variables studied included respiratory rate, respiratory variability, apnea duration, apnea density, and periodic breathing. No statistically significant differences were found in sleep state or respiratory variables between near-miss and control infants. Eight infants (47%) had no recurrence of prolonged apnea, whereas three (17.6%) had recurrent apneic episodes for six weeks to eight months following the original episode. No clinical or polygraphic finding predicted which infant would exhibit recurrent apnea. None of the infants was monitored at home. All infants were developing normally when examined at 1 to 2 years of age.
Apnea↗
Cryorenin in the newborn human and lamb.
Renin and big renin (cryorenin) were measured in the plasma of 78 babies at birth, and studied in six newborn lambs 2-3 weeks of age in response to angiotensin II (0.25 microgram/kg per min) infusion. There were (mean +/- S.E.M.) 15.9 +/- 2.0 ng/ml per h of renin and 11.1 +/- 2.3 of cryorenin, measured as plasma renin activity (PRA) in newborn cord blood. Cryorenin and renin decreased in parallel in the newborn lamb from 19 +/- 2.3 ng/ml per h and 28.6 +/- 2.7 to 6.5 +/- 1.8 (P less than 0.001) and 15.9 +/- 1.8 (P less than 0.01), respectively after 30 min of the angiotensin II infusion. Mean aortic blood pressure increased 30 mm Hg. These data suggest that cryorenin levels are high in the newborn lamb and human, and that both cryorenin and renin are under angiotensin II control in the newborn lamb.
Angiotensin II↗
Shared kangaroo care for triplets.
The mother in this case study already had four children at home and was afraid she would be unable to bond to three additional babies. This article describes her experiences with shared kangaroo care (holding all three infants at once), how these experiences relieved her fears, and how kangaroo care was extended by co-bedding the triplets in a single pediatric crib. Clinical nurse specialists and advanced nurse practitioners can use the successful outcome reported here to promote kangaroo care for families with naturally occurring triplets as well as those families whose triplets result from treatment for infertility.
Adaptation, Psychological↗