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Biomedical subjects

A Hamel

Publications and source records attributed to A Hamel.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2004

[Predicting the use of Emla cream by the triage nurse in a paediatric emergency department].

INTRODUCTION: The current issue of paediatric emergency care is to decrease the length of stay of the child and his/her family in the emergency department while improving health care quality. Up to now, the paediatric emergency department's triage nurses of the children's Timone hospital apply two EMLA patches when they think that a blood test will be ordered by the medical doctor in order to decrease the waiting time between the clinical exam and the blood test. PURPOSE: The objective of this study was to check if this attitude allowed to efficiently select children who will actually get a blood test. MATERIAL AND METHODS: During four weeks, the triage nurses were asked to write down for each patient after the reception time whether or not a blood test would be ordered by the medical doctor after clinical exam. We compared these data to the number of blood tests actually done. RESULTS: Out of the 2758 children admitted in the emergency department during this period, 1973 nurse prediction forms were filled out. The triage nurses predicted a blood test for 253 patients. Out of these 253 patients, only 132 of them had a blood test done. The study of various studied criteria did not allow to reveal any good agreement between the nurse and the medical doctor. CONCLUSION: The literature study shows that some medical criteria allow to improve this agreement rate. The assessment of blood test necessity have to be carried on and needs further studies in order to precise the most discriminant medical criteria.

Blood Chemical Analysis↗
PubMed2004

A comparison of bone strain measurements at anatomically relevant sites using surface gauges versus strain gauged bone staples.

Instrumented bone staples were first introduced as an alternative to surface-mounted strain gauges for use in human in vivo bone strain measurements because their fixation to bone is secure and requires not only minimally invasive surgery. Bench-top bone bending models have shown that the output from strain gauged bone staples compares favorably to that of traditional mounted gauges. However their within- and across-subject performance at sites typically instrumented in vivo has never been examined. This study used seven human cadaver lower extremities with an age range of 23-81 years old and a dynamic gait simulator to examine and compare axial strains in the mid tibial diaphysis and on the dorsal surface of the second metatarsal as measured simultaneously with strain gauged bone staples and with traditional surface-mounted gauges. Rosette configurations were used at the tibial site for deriving principal compression and tension, and shear strains. Axial outputs from the two gauge types demonstrated strong linear relationships for the tibia (r(2)=0.78-0.94) and the second metatarsal (r(2)=0.96-0.99), but coefficients (slopes) for the relationship were variable (range 7-20), across subjects and across sites. The apparent low reliability of strain gauged staples may be explained by the fact that both strain gauged staples and surface strain gauges are inexact to some degree, do not measure strains from exactly the same areas and strain gauged staples reflect surface strains as well as deformations within the cortex. There were no relationships for the principal tibia compression, tension or shear strain measurements derived from the two rosette gauge types, reflecting the very different anatomical areas measured by each of the constructs in this study. Strain gauged bone staples may be most useful in comparing relative axial intra-subject differences between activities, but inter-subject variability may require larger sample sizes to detect differences between populations.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

Metatarsal strains are sufficient to cause fatigue fracture during cyclic overloading.

Human in vivo tibial strains during vigorous walking have not been found to exceed 1200 microstrains. These values are below those found in ex vivo studies (>3000 microstrains) to cause cortical bone fatigue failure, suggesting that an intermediate bone remodeling response may be associated with tibial stress fractures. Metatarsal stress fractures, however, often develop before there is time for such a response to occur. Simultaneous in vivo axial strains were measured at the mid diaphysis of the second metatarsal and the tibia in two subjects. Peak axial metatarsal compression strains and strain rates were significantly higher than those of the tibia during treadmill walking and jogging both barefoot and with running shoes and during simple calisthenics. During barefoot treadmill walking metatarsal compression strains were greater than 2500 microstrains. During one- and two-leg vertical jumps and broad jumping, both metatarsal compression and tension strains were >3000 microstrains. Compression and tension strains in the metatarsus unlike those of the tibia may be sufficiently high even during moderate exertional activities to cause fatigue failure of bone secondary to the number of loading cycles without an intermediate bone remodeling response.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Double common bile duct with ectopic drainage into the stomach. Case report and review of the literature.

A rare abnormal biliary tract consisting in a double common bile duct with an ectopic biliary tree draining into the stomach is described. This congenital anomaly, associated with lithiasis in the ectopic duct, was detected for the first time on MR-cholangiopancreatography. Only 23 cases of abnormal biliary drainage into the stomach have been reported in the literature. Embryogenesis and potential risks, such as lithiasis in the ectopic duct and the development of gastric carcinoma, are discussed.

Aged↗
PubMed2000

Interruption of the inferior vena cava with azygos termination associated with congenital absence of portal vein.

The authors report an exceptional and well-documented case of interruption of the retrohepatic segment of the inferior vena cava with an "azygos continuation", combined with absence of the portal vein. The only known combination of congenital anomalies of the inferior vena cava and the portal vein was that of an "azygos continuation" and a preduodenal portal vein. The double interruption, portal and inferior caval, may be associated with a disturbance of preferential flows induced by the left umbilical thrust. According to hemodynamic theory, the left umbilical flow is the determining factor in organogenesis of the portal vein and the retrohepatic segment of the inferior vena cava.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed1998

A comparison of diagnostic methods for the detection of bovine respiratory syncytial virus in experimental clinical specimens.

Virus shedding was monitored in nasal secretions of 12 calves experimentally infected with bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV) using an antigen capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) detecting the nucleoprotein (NP) antigen of BRSV, by a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplifying the fusion protein of BRSV, and by a microisolation assay combined with immunoperoxidase staining for the F protein of BRSV. Under the conditions of this study, similar limits of detection and quantitative results were obtained from all three assays. BRSV was detected in nasal secretions of all calves for a minimum of 4 d. Virus shedding began on Day 2 after infection, peaked on Days 3-5, and was cleared in most calves by Day 8. The PCR, and to a lesser extent the ELISA, may detect virus shedding for a longer period after infection than virus isolation, possibly due to neutralization of the virus by rising mucosal antibody. Simulated environmental conditions likely to be experienced during transport of clinical field specimens markedly reduced the sensitivity of virus isolation but had a minimal effect on the results of the NP ELISA. Actual field transport conditions (overnight on ice) had minimal apparent effect on the results of the PCR assay. The less stringent specimen handling requirements, combined with low limits of detection, of both the nucleoprotein ELISA and PCR, indicate either of these assays are more suitable for diagnostic applications than virus isolation.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Biomechanics of the hip joint and the effects of fracture of the acetabulum.

The biomechanical analysis of the normal and arthritic hip joint have been the subject of numerous publications in orthopaedics. Biomechanical investigations focusing on the effect of fractures of the acetabulum on the alteration of hip joint mechanics have been a recent development. This paper outlines currently available methodologies for simulating load across the hip, and as measuring articular contact and contact stresses. Results of investigations of posterior wall fractures and transverse fractures of the acetabulum are presented. Directions for future research in the area of mechanical investigations of acetabular fractures are discussed.

Acetabulum↗
PubMed1993

Characterization of two cis-acting DNA elements involved in the androgen regulation of the probasin gene.

The location and sequence of androgen responsive elements (AREs) in the 5'-flanking DNA of the androgen-regulated rat probasin (PB) gene were determined. The DNA- and steroid-binding domains of the rat androgen receptor [glutathione-S-transferase (GST)-AR1] and the DNA-binding domain and hinge region alone (GST-AR2) were expressed in Escherichia coli as isopropyl-B-D-thioglactopyranoside-induced fusion proteins with GST and purified using glutathione affinity chromatography. Band shift assays indicated that the AR1 peptide was at least five times more effective than AR2 in binding to PB 5'-flanking DNA (-426 to +28), although both gave qualitatively similar patterns and were displaced by anti-AR antibodies. DNase I footprinting experiments revealed two putative AREs: one between positions -236 and -223 (ARE-1) and the other between -140 and -117 (ARE-2). Hormonal regulation of PB was determined by cotransfecting reporter constructions containing the PB 5'-flanking region (-426 to +28) linked to the bacterial chloramphenicol acetyl transferase (CAT) gene with androgen, glucocorticoid, or progesterone receptor expression vectors into human prostatic carcinoma cells (PC-3). PB-CAT gene expression was more effectively induced by androgens than by glucocorticoids or progestins. Both 5'- and 3'-deletion mapping of the PB 5'-flanking DNA revealed that ARE-1 and ARE-2 were required for androgen regulation. A single base mutation in either ARE resulted in a more than 95% loss of androgen induction of CAT. In comparable transfection experiments, the PB hormone-responsive elements showed a greater induction by androgens than did mouse mammary tumor virus or tyrosine aminotransferase elements. Thus, the preferential androgen regulation of the PB gene involves the participation of two different cis-acting DNA elements that bind AR.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1986

Effect of androgens on mRNA for a secretory protein of rat dorsolateral prostate and seminal vesicles.

The androgen dependence of a highly abundant mRNA found in the rat dorsolateral prostate and seminal vesicles has been investigated using a complementary DNA clone from a rat dorsal prostate library. The 1.5 kilobase (kb) mRNA codes for a 52 000 Da translation product which is processed to 49 000 Da in the presence of microsomal membranes. This product appears to correspond to the previously described SVS II protein secreted by rat seminal vesicles and can be immunoprecipitated with anti-SVS II antiserum. Dot hybridization assays indicated that the mRNA is abundant in the dorsal and lateral prostate glands and in seminal vesicles but not in the ventral prostate, coagulating gland or other non-accessory sex tissues. Castration of mature male rats reduces the 1.5 kb mRNA 10-fold in the seminal vesicles and 7-fold in the dorsolateral prostate in 9 days. Androgen administration to one-week castrates returned the mRNA level to normal in both tissues within 48 h. The levels of the 1.5 kb mRNA are very similar in the dorsolateral prostate and seminal vesicles at maturity but distinct patterns of developmental regulation of this gene exist in the two tissues. Between 3 and 6 weeks of age, the level of the 1.5 kb mRNA increases approximately 3-fold in the dorsolateral prostate while the increase in the seminal vesicles is more than 600-fold.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1986

Expression of the c-myc protooncogene in human prostatic carcinoma and benign prostatic hyperplasia.

We have examined the level of c-myc transcripts in prostate tissue obtained from patients with both benign prostatic hyperplasia and adenocarcinoma of the prostate. A significantly higher level of c-myc transcripts is observed in patients with adenocarcinoma (P less than 0.05). In addition, a subset of patients with adenocarcinoma had levels of c-myc transcripts 2-fold higher than the mean level for this group. These preliminary results indicate that the investigation of c-myc levels as a prognostic indicator in prostatic carcinoma is warranted.

Acid Phosphatase↗