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Biomedical subjects

A Harris

Publications and source records attributed to A Harris.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed2004

Utility of osteopontin as a biomarker in recurrent epithelial ovarian cancer.

OBJECTIVE: Osteopontin (OPN) is overexpressed in tumors and serum of ovarian cancer patients and may serve as a biomarker. To evaluate the utility of serum osteopontin in monitoring disease status, we evaluated 234 serum samples from post-oophorectomy patients with ovarian cancer and 38 samples from healthy controls. METHODS: Serum samples were collected from 203 women with recurrent ovarian cancer and 31 newly diagnosed women participating in an experimental chemotherapeutic clinical trial. Controls included 11 young healthy women and 27 peri- or postmenopausal women without ovarian cancer. Samples were assayed for osteopontin using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit. Statistical analyses for group comparisons of biomarker distribution used the nonparametric Wilcoxon's rank sum test for two-group comparisons and the Kruskal-Wallis test for three-group comparisons. RESULTS: Osteopontin values ranged from 25 to 1463 ng/ml for patients and 25 to 617 ng/ml for controls. Mean patient levels were lower than mean control levels (74 ng/ml vs. 147 ng/ml, respectively, P = 0.0006). Serum osteopontin levels correlated with recurrent disease versus remission (68 ng/ml vs. 34 ng/ml, P = 0.0034), presence of ascites versus absence (71 ng/ml vs. 53 ng/ml, P = 0.0002), and bulky disease vs. nonbulky disease (75 ng/ml vs. 38 ng/ml, P = 0.0005). CA-125 values yielded the same trends with greater statistical difference. CONCLUSIONS: These results demonstrate that serum osteopontin concentrations in post-oophorectomy patients with recurrent ovarian cancer are not greater than in healthy controls. Nevertheless, within this heterogeneous patient population, the values do correlate with bulk of disease. The potential utility of this assay in monitoring women with CA-125 negative disease is worthy of exploration.

Biomarkers, Tumor↗
PubMed2004

A comparison of the effects of dorzolamide/timolol fixed combination versus latanoprost on intraocular pressure and pulsatile ocular blood flow in primary open-angle glaucoma patients.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the effects of dorzolamide/timolol fixed combination (D/T) compared to latanoprost on intraocular pressure (IOP) and pulsatile ocular blood flow (POBF) in primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) patients. METHODS: Thirty patients with POAG were randomized in an open-label, cross-over study. Intraocular pressure reduction was achieved by 4 weeks medical therapy with D/T twice daily or latanoprost 0.005% dosed once in the evening. During a 4-week run-in and a 4-week wash-out period between study arms, patients ceased use of all other glaucoma medications and used timolol maleate 0.5% twice daily. Primary efficacy variables were IOP and POBF. RESULTS: There was no difference in baseline IOP and POBF parameters between the two study arms. Both D/T and latanoprost statistically significantly reduced IOP by 4.6 mmHg (p < 0.0001) and 3.75 mmHg (p < 0.0001) and increased POBF by 2.048 microl/second (p = 0.0030) and 2.147 microl/second (p = 0.0009), respectively. Repeated measures anova detected significant changes in POBF with treatment (p = 0.0361). Dorzolamide/timolol fixed combination statistically significantly increased pulse volume by 0.767 microl (p = 0.0087), while latanoprost therapy had no significant effect (p = 0.2407). CONCLUSIONS: Both drugs had similar effects in terms of IOP reduction. Dorzolamide/timolol significantly increased pulse volume while latanoprost had no effect. Further studies are necessary to establish whether the enhancement of choroidal blood flow can prevent glaucoma progression.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Ocular haemodynamic responses to induced hypercapnia and hyperoxia in glaucoma.

AIM: To determine the ocular haemodynamic response to gas perturbations in glaucoma. METHODS: Intraocular pressure (IOP), systemic systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP and DBP), and retrobulbar blood flow velocities, measured by colour Doppler imaging (CDI), were recorded at two visits. CDI was used to measure peak systolic and end diastolic velocities (PSV and EDV) and resistance index (RI) in the ophthalmic artery (OA), central retinal artery (CRA), and short posterior ciliary arteries (SPCAs). At the first visit, measurements were taken at baseline (B1: breathing room air) and during isoxic hypercapnia (end tidal PCO(2) increased 15% above baseline) in 16 normal subjects and 12 patients with glaucoma. On another day, measurements were repeated at a second baseline (B2) and during hyperoxia (100% oxygen breathing) for 15 normal subjects and 13 glaucoma patients. Baseline systemic data were compared using paired t tests; REANOVA was performed to compare group differences at baseline and to determine the vessel response to each condition. Fisher's LSD was used for post hoc comparison. RESULTS: Baseline OA PSV was lower for the glaucoma than for the normal group (p = 0.047); the groups were otherwise similar at baseline. IOP demonstrated no response to hypercapnia, but reduced during hyperoxia for both the normal subjects (p<0.0001) and glaucoma patients (p = 0.04). During hypercapnia, SBP increased in normal subjects (p = 0.03) and glaucoma patients (p = 0.01); DBP increased in normal subjects (p = 0.021). There was a corresponding increase in ocular perfusion pressure (OPP) for normal subjects (p = 0.01) and glaucoma subjects (p = 0.028), and as a result OPP was included as a covariate in the REANCOVA model. Hypercapnia resulted in increased PSV in the CRA of normal subjects (p = 0.035) and increased PSV and EDV in the SPCAs of glaucoma patients (p = 0.041 and p = 0.030 respectively). Hyperoxia resulted in reduced PSV and EDV in the ophthalmic arteries of normal subjects only (p = 0.001 and 0.031 respectively). CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest the presence of relative vasoconstriction in glaucoma patients, which is at least partially reversed by hypercapnia.

Adrenergic beta-Antagonists↗
PubMed2004

Reproducibility of circadian retinal and optic nerve head blood flow measurements by Heidelberg retina flowmetry.

BACKGROUND/AIM: The Heidelberg retina flowmeter (HRF) is designed to measure retinal capillary blood flow. Previous studies however showed weak reproducibility of data. The intraindividual reproducibility of circadian HRF measurements was examined in healthy subjects in three locations of the retina. METHODS: 36 healthy volunteers (27.3 (SD 4.3) years) were examined by HRF seven times a day (t0-t6). Using a default window of 10 x 10 pixels, three consecutive measurements were performed in three precise focusing planes: superficial, intermediate and deep layer, peripapillary retina, neuroretinal rim and cup, respectively. Images of identical tissue locations identified by capillary landmarks of each layer were selected to quantify the retinal microcirculation of each volunteer. Means and standard deviations of all flow results of a given subject were calculated, at t0-t6 and the coefficients of variation as a measure of reproducibility. RESULTS: The coefficients of variation ranged between 8.4% and 41.0% in the superficial layer (mean 19.8% (SD 8.4%)), 10.6%, and 43.0% in the intermediate layer (mean 24.0% (SD 8.4%)), and 9.9% and 84.0% (mean 29.6% (SD 15.8%)) in the deep layer. CONCLUSIONS: These data show the best reproducibility of measurements in the superficial layer followed by the intermediate and the deep layer. Clinically, this is an unsatisfactory intraindividual reproducibility of flow values in each studied layer.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Intravitreal triamcinolone with photodynamic therapy for subfoveal choroidal neovascularisation in age related macular degeneration.

AIMS: To report the effects of intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide (iTAAC) injections as an adjunctive treatment to photodynamic therapy (PDT) with verteporfin for new subfoveal choroidal neovascularisation (CNV) in age related macular degeneration (AMD). METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the records of all AMD patients who had iTAAC within 6 weeks of their first PDT and had a follow up of one year or longer. The proportion of eyes after one year follow up that lost or gained >or=15 and >or=30 ETDRS letters, baseline and one year lesion greatest linear dimension (GLD), number of PDTs, and side effects were assessed. RESULTS: Fourteen patients were evaluated. Eleven received one initial combined treatment and three received an additional combined treatment after 6 months. Median follow up was 18 months (range 12 to 25 months). Overall, 7% gained >or=30 letters, 50% maintained stable vision, 14% lost 15-29 letters, and 29% lost >or=30 letters. Overall, mean GLD increased from 2580 (SD 1088) microm to 3946 (SD 1503) micro m (p = 0.01). The mean number of PDTs during the first year was 2.57. Side effects were mild intraocular pressure elevation in 28.5% and cataract progression in 50% of phakic eyes. CONCLUSIONS: iTAAC with PDT in AMD was found to be relatively safe and had reasonable results for lesions with some classic component.

Aged↗
PubMed2004

Reproducibility of the Heidelberg retinal flowmeter in determining low perfusion areas in peripapillary retina.

AIM: To evaluate the interobserver variability and retest reproducibility of confocal scanning laser Doppler flowmeter in measuring capillary perfusion of the peripapillary retina. METHODS: Blood flow measurements were performed in one eye of 10 normal subjects by two investigators on two different days (visits). Five separate measurements of the peripapillary blood flow parameters were recorded by each observer at each visit. The Heidelberg retina flowmeter was used to record capillary perfusion in a 2560x640 microm area of the superotemporal peripapillary region and pixel by pixel analysis was done from an area adjacent to the optic disc, with a minimum of 1600 pixels. The percentage of pixels with less than 1 arbitrary unit of flow (no flow) and 10, 25, 50, 75, 90th percentiles of flow values was calculated. Interobserver measurements were compared by paired t test. Intraclass correlations (ICC) were used to determine the interobserver variability and retest reproducibility of the measurements. Intrasession coefficients of variations (CV) were also calculated. RESULTS: There were no statistically significant differences between the two observers for all measurements and between visits for the percentage of pixels with no flow. ICC was 66% (range 57.09%-77.1%) for pixels with no flow. For the 10, 25, 50, 75, 90th percentiles of flow the ICC was 63.07% (53.91%-77.81%), 71.3% (64.23%-80.85%), 72.61% (66.02%-78.96%), 65.86% (58.53%-74.77%), and 60.05% (54.34%-70.06%), respectively. CV was 16.59%, 11.47%, 9.32%, 9.03%, 11.58%, and 16.05% for the percentage of no flow pixels and the 10, 25, 50, 75, 90th percentiles of flow, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The Heidelberg retinal flowmeter allows reproducible measurements of all levels of capillary perfusion areas when pixel by pixel analysis is used.

Capillaries↗
PubMed2003

Systematic review: Antacids, H2-receptor antagonists, prokinetics, bismuth and sucralfate therapy for non-ulcer dyspepsia.

BACKGROUND: Evidence for the effectiveness of antacids, histamine-2 receptor antagonists, bismuth salts, sucralfate and prokinetic therapy in non-ulcer dyspepsia is conflicting. AIM: To conduct a systematic review evaluating these therapies in non-ulcer dyspepsia. METHODS: Electronic searches were performed using the Cochrane Controlled Trials Register, Medline, EMBASE, Cinahl and SIGLE until September 2002. Dyspepsia outcomes were dichotomized into cured/improved vs. same/worse. RESULTS: Prokinetics [14 trials, 1053 patients; relative risk reduction (RRR), 48%; 95% confidence interval (95% CI), 27-63%] and histamine-2 receptor antagonists (11 trials, 2164 patients; RRR, 22%; 95% CI, 7-35%) were significantly more effective than placebo. Bismuth salts (RRR, 40%; 95% CI, - 3% to 65%) were superior to placebo, but this was of marginal statistical significance. Antacids and sucralfate were not statistically significantly superior to placebo. A funnel plot suggested that the prokinetic and histamine-2 receptor antagonist results could be due to publication bias. CONCLUSIONS: The meta-analyses suggest that histamine-2 receptor antagonists and prokinetics are superior to placebo. These data are difficult to interpret, however, as funnel plot asymmetry suggests that the magnitude of the effect could be due to publication bias or other heterogeneity-related issues.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed2003

Vascular patterns in reactive lymphoid tissue and in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.

The few studies published on angiogenesis in lymphoma have raised the question of whether or not microvessel density (MVD) is associated with more aggressive disease and have reported the observation that in follicular lymphomas, vessels are mature rather than immature. We investigated MVD and the vascular phenotype within follicular or diffuse large B-cell lymphomas, reactive nodes and tonsils. Vascular phenotype was defined by the expression or loss of reactivity to the antibody LH39 (detecting the LH39 laminin epitope of the basement membrane in mature vessels) and by detection of alpha V beta 3 (expressed on immature vessels). In reactive nodes and in follicular lymphomas, MVD was higher in the paracortex than in germinal centres or in neoplastic follicles. However, in neoplastic follicles an increase in alpha V beta 3-positive endothelium suggested the activation of an angiogenic pathway different from that present in the reactive follicles. In large B-cell lymphomas, MVD was higher than in reactive and neoplastic follicles but lower than in the reactive paracortex. The number of immature vessels (LH39 negative) and of alpha V beta 3-positive vessels was higher than in reactive lymph nodes and follicular lymphoma suggesting that a switch to a different angiogenic pathway has occurred. Finally, we have demonstrated that within reactive and neoplastic follicles vascular regression is occurring, perhaps constraining the growth of reactive follicles alongside other phenomena such as apoptosis. Vascular regression was previously believed to occur in adults only in ovarian and endometrial tissue. We conclude that different types of angiogenesis are present in follicular lymphomas and large B-cell lymphomas. This has implications for possible future therapies.

Basement Membrane↗
PubMed2003

Unrecordable pulsatile ocular blood flow may signify severe stenosis of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery.

AIM: To examine the relation between stenosis of the internal carotid artery (ICA) and pulsatile ocular blood flow (POBF). METHODS: In 57 eyes of 30 patients who were referred for Doppler ultrasound examination of the ICA we measured POBF and analysed the correlation with degree of ipsilateral ICA stenosis. RESULTS: There was a significant negative correlation between POBF and ipsilateral ICA stenosis (Pearson correlation coefficient, r=-0.516, p<0.0001). In 14 eyes POBF could not be measured by the OBF tonometer, and in 11 of these cases (79%) severe stenosis (>75%) of the ipsilateral ICA was present. When these eyes were excluded from analysis, there was no correlation between POBF and ICA stenosis (r=-0.02, p=0.91). Among these 43 eyes in which POBF could be measured it ranged 667-2095 microl/min with a mean of 970.72 microl/min. CONCLUSION: Low or unrecordable POBF may signify severe stenosis of the internal carotid artery. POBF is not a direct reflection of ipsilateral ICA blood flow.

Aged↗
PubMed2003

Blood flow per unit retinal nerve fibre tissue volume is lower in the human inferior retina.

AIM: To determine if perfusion per unit tissue volume of retinal nerve fibre layer and optic nerve head in the inferior sector is lower than in the superior sector. METHODS: Heidelberg retinal tomogram (HRT) for topographic measurement of optic nerve head and retinal nerve fibre layer and Heidelberg retinal flowmeter (HRF) for retinal blood flow were performed on 19 normal healthy subjects. Measurements from the superior and inferior sectors were compared. The perfusion/nerve fibre ratio (PNR); the blood flow per unit retinal nerve fibre tissue volume, was calculated in each sector with a formula; HRF flow measurements divided by HRT measurements. RESULTS: Retinal nerve fibre layer thickness in the inferior retina was significantly higher than in the superior retina (p<0.05). There were, however, no differences in retinal blood flow between the superior and inferior retinal sectors. The PNR in the inferior sector were significantly lower than in the superior sector (p=0.047 for HRF mean flow/rim volume and p = 0.0282 for HRF 75th percentile flow/rim volume). CONCLUSIONS: The inferior sector of retinal nerve fibre layer and optic nerve head may have lower blood flow per unit nerve tissue volume compared to the superior sector. This result suggests that the inferior sector is more vulnerable to elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) and ischaemic insults in glaucomatous optic neuropathy.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

The effects of dorzolamide on choroidal and retinal perfusion in non-exudative age related macular degeneration.

AIM: To comprehensively evaluate the effects of dorzolamide on the choroidal and retinal circulation in patients with age related macular degeneration (AMD). METHODS: In this randomised, double masked, parallel study, 36 non-exudative AMD patients were randomised in a 2 to 1 fashion to placebo versus topical dorzolamide and underwent assessment of their choroidal and retinal circulation. Scanning laser ophthalmoscope indocyanine green angiograms (ICGA) were analysed by a new area dilution analysis technique. Four areas in the perifoveal region and two areas in the temporal peripapillary region were evaluated by plotting intensity of fluorescence of each area over time. The means of the choroidal filling times and the heterogeneity of the filling times were assessed. Scanning laser ophthalmoscope fluorescein angiography (FA) was evaluated for retinal arteriovenous passage (AVP) times by plotting intensity of fluorescence of retinal vessels over time. Assessment was performed at baseline and at 4 months. RESULTS: Compared to placebo, AMD patients treated with dorzolamide showed a significantly increased rapidity of choroidal filling in the superior and inferior peripapillary regions (p=0.007, p=0.02, respectively). No significant difference in choroidal filling times was found in any of the perifoveal areas (p=0.9). Also, on FA assessment, treatment with dorzolamide showed no statistical differences in AVP times (p=0.19). CONCLUSIONS: Dorzolamide may increase peripapillary choroidal perfusion in non-exudative AMD patients. Further studies are merited.

Aged↗
PubMed2003

How to get on a SpR rotation in emergency medicine (and make the most of it).

Emergency medicine is now proving a popular specialty in the United Kingdom. A recent report ranks emergency medicine second in specialties attracting the most applications for specialist registrar (SpR) interview. Numbered posts are becoming increasingly competitive as a result. This paper offers advice to aspiring emergency department SpRs. It identifies areas in which a curriculum vitae may be improved. It should also enable emergency department trainees to set objectives for their early SpR years.

Biomedical Research↗
PubMed2003

Optimization and validation of a rapid method to determine citrate and inorganic phosphate in milk by capillary electrophoresis.

Quantification of phosphate and citrate compounds is very important because their distribution between soluble and colloidal phases of milk and their interactions with milk proteins influence the stability and some functional properties of dairy products. The aim of this work was to optimize and validate a capillary electrophoresis method for the rapid determination of these compounds in milk. Various parameters affecting analysis have been optimized, including type, composition, and pH of the electrolyte, and sample extraction. Ethanol, acetonitrile, sulfuric acid, water at 50 degrees C or at room temperature were tested as sample buffers (SB). Water at room temperature yielded the best overall results and was chosen for further validation. The extraction time was checked and could be shortened to less than 1 min. Also, sample preparation was simplified to pipet 12 microl of milk into 1 ml of water containing 20 ppm of tartaric acid as an internal standard. The linearity of the method was excellent (R2 > 0.999) with CV values of response factors <3%. The detection limits for phosphate and citrate were 5.1 and 2.4 nM, respectively. The accuracy of the method was calculated for each compound (103.2 and 100.3%). In addition, citrate and phosphate content of several commercial milk samples were analyzed by this method, and the results deviated less than 5% from values obtained when analyzing the samples by official methods. To study the versatility of the technique, other dairy productssuch as cream cheese, yogurt, or Cheddar cheese were analyzed and accuracy was similar to milk in all products tested. The procedure is rapid and offers a very fast and simple sample preparation. Once the sample has arrived at the laboratory, less than 5 min (including handling, preparation, running, integration, and quantification) are necessary to determine the concentration of citric acid and inorganic phosphate. Because of the speed and accuracy of this method, it is promising as an analytical quantitative testing technique.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

Phase I safety, pharmacokinetic, and pharmacodynamic trial of ZD1839, a selective oral epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor, in patients with five selected solid tumor types.

PURPOSE: To establish the safety and tolerability of ZD1839 (Iressa), a selective epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitor, and to explore its pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic effects in patients with selected solid tumor types. PATIENTS AND METHODS: This was a phase I dose-escalating trial of oral ZD1839 150 mg/d to a maximum of 1,000 mg/d given once daily for at least 28 days. Patients with either advanced non-small-cell lung, ovarian, head and neck, prostate, or colorectal cancer were recruited. RESULTS: Eighty-eight patients received ZD1839 (150 to 1,000 mg/d). At 1,000 mg/d, five of 12 patients experienced dose-limiting toxicity (grade 3 diarrhea [four patients] and grade 3 somnolence [one patient]). The most frequent drug-related adverse events (AEs) were acne-like rash (64%) and diarrhea (47%), which were generally mild (grade 1/2) and reversible on cessation of treatment. No change in ZD1839 safety profile was observed with prolonged administration. Pharmacokinetic analysis showed steady-state exposure to ZD1839 in 98% of patients by day 7. Nineteen patients had stable disease and received ZD1839 for >or= 3 months; seven of these patients remained on study drug for >or= 6 months. Serial skin biopsies taken before treatment and at approximately day 28 revealed changes indicative of inhibition of the EGFR signaling pathway. CONCLUSION: ZD1839 was generally well tolerated, with manageable and reversible AEs at doses up to 600 mg/d and dose-limiting toxicity observed at 1,000 mg/d. ZD1839 treatment resulted in clinically meaningful disease stabilization across a range of tumor types and doses. Pharmacodynamic changes in skin confirmed inhibition of EGFR signaling, which was predicted from the mode of action of ZD1839.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed2002

Metastasis to and from the central nervous system--the 'relatively protected site'.

The brain has long been recognised as a site with a very low rate of metastases, despite the potential for cancers to be extremely locally aggressive. This feature contrasts with most of the rest of the body, where metastatic spread is much more common. The pathological behaviour of any tumour is governed by both its inherent composition and the composition of the matrix in which it is sited. Much work has been done in recent years to elucidate the factors within the central nervous system (CNS) that give the brain its unique properties. Tumour interactions with the blood-brain barrier, microglia, and various matrix proteins, cytokines, and growth factors have a central role. This review concentrates mainly on the process of tumour spread from the CNS and explores how the brain is a protected site. CNS metastases from extraneural sites are also briefly covered.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

Expression of angiogenic factors and hypoxia inducible factors HIF 1, HIF 2 and CA IX in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.

AIMS: Angiogenesis in solid tumour pathology is well established but less is known about its role in haematological malignancies. Our study investigated the immunohistochemical expression of a variety of angiogenic and hypoxic factors and microvessel densities on 110 cases of high- and low-grade non-Hodgkin's lymphomas and reactive lymphoid tissues. methods and results: Expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) was present in 82 (96%) of the non-Hodgkin's cases and 35 (100%) of the reactive lymphoid tissue cases. Both hypoxia inducible factors 1 alpha and 2 alpha (HIF 1 alpha, 2 alpha) were weakly expressed in the majority of high- and low-grade lymphomas. Carbonic anhydrase IX (CA IX), a HIF-inducible membrane-bound enzyme, expression was not abundant with membranous staining being present in seven (8%) of the lymphoma cases and none of the reactive cases. Thymidine phosphorylase (TP) was distributed amongst macrophages and follicular dendritic cells but was not present in the neoplastic population. The vasculature was stained using CD34 which gave rise to a distinct vascular, predominantly paracortical network present in low-grade lymphomas and reactive lymphoid tissue but which was lost in high-grade lymphomas. CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that non-Hodgkin's lymphomas may be less angiogenic and hypoxically driven than most solid tumours, which has implications for possible future therapies.

Angiogenesis Inducing Agents↗
PubMed2002

The first technique for non-invasive measurements of volumetric ophthalmic artery blood flow in humans.

AIM: To validate the first non-invasive measurements of volumetric ophthalmic artery blood flow in humans. METHODS: The ophthalmic arteries of healthy normal adults were examined by Advanced Technology Laboratories (ATL, a subsidiary of Phillips Medical Systems Inc) high definition imaging (HDI) 5000 colour Doppler imaging ultrasound with a 5-12 MHZ probe. A group of 14 subjects for experiment 1 and a group of 10 subjects for experiments 2 and 3 were selected, with the examined eye chosen randomly. Peak systolic velocities (PSV) and end diastolic velocities (EDV) of the ophthalmic artery and central retinal artery were measured and recorded. Cineloops (cinegraphic videos) of the ophthalmic arteries were then recorded with the ATL HDI 5000 and values for ophthalmic artery blood flow were produced offline using experimental analysis software. Multiple regression analysis was used to compare blood flow measurements with PSV and EDV measurements in the ophthalmic artery. In two follow up experiments, intraobserver variation in obtaining cineloops and the interanalyser variability in cineloop analysis were studied. RESULTS: Volumetric flow correlated with ophthalmic artery PSV and EDV (p = 0.02, r(2) = 0.5). There was no correlation with the cental retinal artery. The intraobserver coefficient of variation in obtaining cineloops was 29.89% for blood flow, 19.07% for diameter, and 22.27% for velocity. The coefficients of variation of the measurements of the two cineloop analysers were 40.21% for blood flow, 22.71% for diameter, and 26.34% for velocity. CONCLUSION: Cineloop analysis produces ophthalmic artery flow measurements which correlate with PSV and EDV, suggesting validity. The intraobserver variation and cineloop analyser variation were found to be in the acceptable range.

Adult↗