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Biomedical subjects

A Hawley

Publications and source records attributed to A Hawley.

12 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2001

Interleukin-8 administration enhances venous thrombosis resolution in a rat model.

BACKGROUND: Therapy for deep vein thrombosis (DVT) resolution in those patients in whom a complication or contraindication to anticoagulation occurs is limited. As prior work suggests that thrombus maturation involves early influx of neutrophils (PMN) and neovascularization, we hypothesized that administering the proinflammatory/proangiogenic chemokine interleukin (IL)-8 might accelerate thrombus resolution. MATERIALS AND METHODS: An established rodent model of DVT (inferior vena cava [IVC] ligation) was used whereby daily intravenous recombinant human IL-8 (1 microg) or vehicle control was administered, with sacrifice at 4 and 8 days. Prior to sacrifice and at harvest, duplex ultrasound of the DVT and femoral venous pressure measurements were performed. Thrombi were analyzed by immunohistochemical techniques for PMN, monocytes, and neovascularization; for chemokines, by enzyme-linked immunoassay; and fibrosis, by hydroxyproline assay and trichrome staining. RESULTS: IL-8 accelerated thrombus dissolution 4 days after IVC ligation, with 6-fold increased thrombus blood flow by duplex ultrasound and a 23% increased absolute femoral venous pressure compared with controls (both P < 0.05). These findings may be partially explained by the fact that animals receiving IL-8, as compared with controls, had 2.5-fold greater thrombus neovascularization (with a trend continuing to 8 days) and increased PMN at 4 days. Thrombus vascular endothelial growth factor was significantly reduced at 8 days postligation, while monocyte chemotactic protein-1 and macrophage inflammatory protein-1alpha were not altered by IL-8 administration. At 8 days post-IVC-ligation, fibrosis was 12-fold greater with IL-8 treatment compared with controls. CONCLUSIONS: A proinflammatory/proangiogenic thrombus milieu, as conferred by IL-8, enhances thrombus resolution and underscores the important relationship between neovascularity and inflammation.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

Health surveillance: an operational imperative?

Many recent operations have highlighted the problem of hazard exposure in troops. This is a difficult area since it depends upon both post-deployment and possibly mid-deployment health surveillance and crosses the traditional limits of occupation and public health medicine. Health surveillance is itself a term which straddles occupational and public health medicine. For the military population at risk on operations, a combined approach is required incorporating the separate activities of needs and risk assessments. There is an existing vehicle to develop this approach using the new J95 methodology. Equally, a system of data access crossing medical and personnel records is necessary. The important requirement is that health surveillance is included in pre-deployment planning. Only by this method can adequate resources and significance be accorded to appropriate health surveillance strategies both during and following an operation as required.

Health Services Needs and Demand↗
PubMed1997

Long circulating biodegradable poly(phosphazene) nanoparticles surface modified with poly(phosphazene)-poly(ethylene oxide) copolymer.

The biodistribution of biodegradable poly(organo phosphazene) nanoparticles surface modified by adsorption of a novel poly(organo phosphazene)-poly(ethylene oxide) copolymer with a 5000 M(W) PEO chain (PF-PEO[5000]), following intravenous administration in rats and rabbits, is described. The data are compared to the biodistribution of poly(organo phosphazene) and poly(lactide-co-glycolide) nanoparticles coated with a tetrafunctional copolymer of poly(ethylene oxide)-poly(propylene oxide) ethylenediamine, commercially available as Poloxamine 908. This copolymer has a PEO chain of the same size as the poly(organo phosphazene)-PEO derivative used. The results in the rat model reveal that poly(organo phosphazene) nanoparticles with a Poloxamine 908 coating were mainly captured by the liver, although a retardation in clearance from the systemic circulation was seen. In contrast, the poly(organo phosphazene) nanoparticles coated with PF-PEO(5000) showed a prolonged blood circulating profile, with only a small amount of the nanoparticles sequestered by the liver. This indicates the importance of the nature of both the anchoring group and the particle surface on the biological performances of the system. Study of the biodistribution of the PF-PEO(5000)-coated poly(organo phosphazene) nanoparticles in the rabbit model also indicated a prolonged systemic circulation lifetime and reduced liver uptake, whereby a significant amount of the administered nanoparticles was targeted to the bone marrow.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Rwanda 1994: a study of medical support in military humanitarian operations.

The deployment of British Contingent (BRITCON) to United Nations Force in Rwanda (UNAMIR) on Operation GABRIEL in 1994, proved to be a successful deployment on humanitarian operations. Many of the lessons have been successfully incorporated into training, equipment and organisational structures since the deployment. Others require further work to develop and assimilate. The essential issue concerning principles of humanitarian relief doctrine, mission definition, understanding the Disaster-Development continuum, capability mix, spectrum of military utility and the importance of force maintenance were all highlighted by the Rwanda deployment. Implications for future humanitarian operations include a co-operative approach to pre-deployment training with the Non-Governmental Organisation (NGO) community. This will help to promote understanding between the 2 arms of the humanitarian effort and will exploit the strengths of both sides. Equally, the military medical services have to be fully aware of mission definition and its centrality to planning, execution and audit of performance.

Altruism↗
PubMed1997

A form of human intercourse?

The philosophical basis of military medicine needs to be understood fully before progress can be made in doctrine, organization, training, and resourcing. During a time of increased resource constraint and radical restructuring of the military, an opportunity arises for a fundamental reexamination of the nature and philosophy of military medicine. In order to be effective in the role, a military physician needs to fully understand the obligations of the two professions that he or she straddles. The military physician needs to be fully conversant with the profession of arms as well as being a medical professional. The obligations of the two may occasionally be divergent, but the physician has an important role to play in reconciling them. This action may act synergistically and produce a maximally effective military system.

Humans↗
PubMed1996

Trauma management on the battlefield: a modern approach.

With the development of British Army doctrine it is necessary to review the concepts underlying medical support to the modern battlefield. In particular, the provision of timely and balanced resuscitation to the high intensity battle is an issue requiring an understanding of both the tactical and the clinical demands. The wholesale application of civilian techniques and approaches to trauma management is not possible given the austerity of the battlefield clinical environment. The commitment to excellence and quality of care implicit in modern mainstream practice is of continuing relevance to the battlefield. A doctrinal approach involving the definition of desired clinical outcome and the constraints of operational feasibility, is proposed. Specifically, the introduction of a triad approach to trauma management is offered. The triad comprises readily available Battlefield Advanced Trauma Life Support (BATLS) skills, Surgical Resuscitation deployed forward and the provision of Field Intensive Care. Such an approach would marry together the clinically ideal with the tactically.

Clinical Protocols↗
PubMed1990

Adder bite in the British Army 1979-1988: a decade of experience.

The results of hospital admissions for adder bite suffered by British Army personnel were reviewed over a ten year period. They confirmed the low bite rate and the risk factors previously demonstrated in earlier studies. In particular, the dangers of handling and attempting to catch the snake were highlighted. Also illustrated was a general ill-preparedness by clinicians to manage the condition. In this connection, the use of specific Zagreb anti-venom preparation for cases of severe poisoning is advocated, as is admission to hospital for assessment and appropriate monitoring. Adder bite is both unusual and unpredictable so caution needs to be exercised in the initial clinical appraisal.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Adder bites in Aldershot.

Each summer cases of adder bite occur in Aldershot and its surrounding areas. Many of these are brought to the Cambridge Military Hospital. This paper reports three cases that together illustrate the commonest clinical signs and symptoms. These include rapid swelling, malaise and anxiety. An important diagnostic indication is an early and marked leucocytosis. Treatment regimes are also reviewed with the advice ultimately being to "admit and monitor". The danger of early resort to antivenom is also examined and the principles of both treatment and first aid are developed.

Adolescent↗