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Biomedical subjects

A Holloway

Publications and source records attributed to A Holloway.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

Registration of T-2 mycotoxin with total internal reflection ellipsometry and QCM impedance methods.

A sensitive optical method of total internal reflection ellipsometry (TIRE) in conjunction with immune assay approach was exploited for the registration of T-2 mycotoxin in a wide range of concentrations from 100 microg/ml down to 0.15 ng/ml. Association constants of 1.4x10(6) and 1.9x10(7)mol(-1)s for poly- and monoclonal T-2 antibodies, respectively, were evaluated from TIRE kinetic measurements. According to TIRE data fitting, binding of T-2 molecules to antibodies (at saturation) has resulted in the increase in adsorbed layer thickness of 4-5 nm. The QCM impedance measurements data showed anomalously large mass increase and film softening, most likely, due to the binding of large T-2 aggregates to antibodies.

Biosensing Techniques↗
PubMed2004

Immune-mediated haemolytic anaemia associated with a sarcoma in a flat-coated retriever.

A seven-year-old flat-coated retriever presented with a history of lethargy, dyspnoea and inappetence of several days' duration. Clinical examination revealed pale mucous membranes and tachypnoea, and haematology demonstrated marked autoagglutination. Thoracic radiographs revealed an increased opacity in the perihilar region. The owners declined further evaluation and the dog was treated symptomatically with immunosuppressive doses of prednisolone and azathioprine. The dog's demeanour improved, although it was eventually euthanased seven weeks later because of dysphagia and worsening dyspnoea. Postmortem examination revealed a widespread, poorly differentiated sarcoma involving the lungs, pericardium, thoracic lymph nodes and spleen. Immune-mediated haemolytic anaemia is a well recognised condition in dogs and is occasionally associated with neoplastic conditions. This is the first case report to describe immune-mediated haemolytic anaemia associated with a diffuse, poorly differentiated sarcoma.

Anemia, Hemolytic, Autoimmune↗
PubMed2001

The fetal placental hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, parturition and post natal health.

A general characteristic of fetal endocrine maturation across different species is the enhanced activity of the fetal hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis during late gestation. Precocious activation of this axis may occur when the fetus is exposed to an adverse intra-uterine environment, such as hypoxemia. HPA development is associated with increased levels of ACTH(1-39) and adrenal corticosteroids (cortisol in sheep and human) in the fetal circulation, and increased expression of mRNA encoding corticotrophin releasing hormone (CRH) in the hypothalamus, proopiomelanocortin (POMC) in the pituitary, and key steroidogenic enzymes in the fetal adrenal. At term, increased levels of cortisol act on the placenta/trophoblast derived cells to increase expression of prostaglandin synthase Type II (PGHS-II). In human gestation, cortisol also decreases expression of 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase (PGDH) in chorionic trophoblast cells. Increased synthesis and decreased metabolism of prostaglandin (PG) results, during late gestation, in enhanced output of primary PG, which in turn increases the activity of 11 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (11 beta HSD) in the human fetal membranes. Increased chorionic 11 beta HSD-1 results in increased local generation of cortisol from cortisone, with further paracrine/autocrine stimulation of PG output. Increased fetal cortisol contributes to the maturation of organ systems required for postnatal extra-uterine survival. However, excessive levels of feto-placental glucocorticoid, derived from maternal administration of synthetic corticosteroids or sustained endogenous fetal cortisol production, results in intrauterine growth restriction. Fetal sheep, exposed to maternal betamethasone in late gestation, develop insulin resistance and exaggerated adrenal responses to HPA stimulation by 6-12 months postnatal life. Thus, the level of fetal HPA activity is crucial not only for determining gestation length, but may also predict pathophysiologic adjustments in later life.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

Fetal hypothalamic-pituitary adrenal (HPA) development and activation as a determinant of the timing of birth, and of postnatal disease.

Birth in most animal species is triggered by the fetus through activation of the fetal hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. Preterm birth, may be associated with precocious activation of fetal HPA function, reflecting the fetal response to an adverse intrauterine environment. There is a progressive and concurrent increase of ACTH1-39 and cortisol (F) in the circulation of fetal sheep during the last 15-20 days of pregnancy (term, day 145-150) associated with increased expression of hypothalamic CRH pituitary POMC and adrenal ACTH receptor and steroidogenic enzymes, particularly P450 C17. Similar changes occur with fetal hypoxemia. Negative feedback is ameliorated by decreased pituitary and hypothalamic glucocorticoid receptor, increased CBG, and altered fetal pituitary 11B-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1. Repeated fetal hypoxemia, diminishes the fetal-pituitary ACTH response, but increases fetal adrenal responsiveness. Fetuses exposed to maternal glucocorticoid in late gestation are growth restricted with altered postnatal HPA responsiveness and glycemic responses that reproduce the insulin resistance of type 2 diabetes. We conclude that the level of fetal HPA activity is crucial not only for determining gestation length, but also predicts pathophysiologic adjustment in later life.

Animal Diseases↗
PubMed1999

IL-13 and IFN-gamma secretion by activated T cells in HIV-1 infection associated with viral suppression and a lack of disease progression.

The immunopathology of HIV-1 infection includes immune defects in T cell cytokine secretion, resulting in decreased Ag-specific responses. In this report, IL-13 and IFN-gamma were analyzed in progressive HIV-1 disease. Both cytokines exert positive effects on Ag presentation and inhibit HIV-1 infection of macrophages. Anti-CD3/anti-CD28-activated PBMC from HIV-1-infected individuals (n = 74) compared with uninfected subjects (n = 30) secreted significantly less IL-13 (median, 0.64 ng/ml vs 2.07 ng/ml; p < 0. 001) and IFN-gamma (median, 40.96 ng/ml vs 129.5 ng/ml; p < 0.005). Decreased IL-13 and IFN-gamma secretion in HIV infection was present in sorted CD4+ and CD8+ T cell subsets, and additional analysis determined concurrent deficiency at the protein and transcriptional level. Longitudinal analysis showed that cytokine secretion levels correlated positively with CD4 count and negatively with plasma HIV-1 viral load. Patients changing to suppressive antiretroviral therapy during the study showed increases in IL-13 and IFN-gamma secretion. Overall, results show a decline in IL-13 and IFN-gamma secretion in progressive HIV-1 infection and suggest a role for both cytokines as part of T cell adaptive responses associated with a lack of disease progression.

CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes↗
PubMed1998

Opportunities for PSOs: an interview with Albert Holloway.

The Balanced Budget Act of 1997 authorizes provider-sponsored organizations (PSOs) to contract directly with Medicare as one of the new Medicare+Choice risk plan options for beneficiaries. The act allows HHS to waive state insurance licensure requirements in some circumstances and makes it easier for PSOs and other risk plans to operate. The act includes additional implications for PSOs. Recently, Albert Holloway, president and CEO, The IPA Association of America, Oakland, California, and a member of HFMA's Board of Directors, granted HFM the following interview to discuss opportunities the new PSO legislation affords hospitals and physicians.

Community Networks↗
PubMed1996

Patient knowledge and information concerning medication on discharge from hospital.

This study aimed to establish whether patients had sufficient knowledge and information concerning their medications on discharge from hospital. The purpose was also to identify who educated and provided patients with information and in what form it came. The study was carried out in five medical wards of a large teaching hospital, where patients were interviewed on the morning of discharge. By using a medication checklist the findings of this study appeared to indicate that the patients interviewed had relatively little knowledge or information regarding their discharge medications. However, overall their knowledge and information concerning their discharge medications had improved in relation to that of their admission medications. Despite this finding, there remains a definite need for structured medication teaching programmes with appropriate assessment of patients needs on admission to hospital.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Clinical evaluation of laser Doppler blood flow measurements in free flaps.

Adequate assessment of blood flow in free flaps with early detection of circulatory failure is an unresolved clinical problem. In 23 patients undergoing microvascular free tissue transfers, laser doppler blood flow measurements and clinical observations were made hourly for the first two postoperative days. There was 1 flap failure in 6 instances in which it was clinically necessary to intervene, by reexploration or draining a hematoma, to ensure the survival of the flap. It was hypothesized that the laser doppler measurements would predict future clinical events. However, it was found that although these measurements did correlate with clinical observations, they did not predict them and were actually less accurate in indicating the need for clinical intervention or the final outcome of the free flap procedure.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Laser Doppler velocimetry and fluorescein dye in the prediction of skin flap viability. A comparison.

Laser Doppler velocimetry provides a quantitative and noninvasive measurement of cutaneous blood flow. Piglets were used to compare laser Doppler velocimetry and fluorescein with each other and as predictors of flap viability. Twenty-five random pattern rectangular skin flaps were studied with both techniques. Eighteen of the flaps were observed for two weeks and the length of viable flap documented. A reading of 100 mV on the laser Doppler corresponded with full fluorescence after dye injection. Both fluorescein and the laser Doppler underestimated flap surviving length slightly. Laser Doppler readings taken 24 hours postoperatively predicted the length of surviving flap exactly. The laser Doppler correlated well with fluorescein dye.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

A 50-cm fillet flap for preservation of maximal lower extremity residual limb length.

A 50-cm fillet flap permitted above-knee amputation in lieu of hip disarticulation in a 20-year-old woman who had sustained severe injuries in a motorcycle accident. Although the flap was unusually long, the principles followed were the same as those for posterior flaps used in below-knee amputations and fillet flaps of the digits. The flap allowed preservation of maximal length in the residual limb and fully sensible skin coverage, both of which facilitated prosthetic usage.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Primary chondrosarcoma in the pulmonary artery of a dog.

A 5-year-old cross-bred dog was examined with an 8-week history of coughing and a 3-week history of collapsing during exercise. Thoracic radiography revealed moderate right-sided cardiomegaly and a partially mineralized area over the dorsocranial heart base. Echocardiography demonstrated moderate eccentric and concentric right ventricular hypertrophy and a hypoechoic mass in the main pulmonary artery. The owners declined further investigations and the dog died at home 4 days later. Postmortem revealed a primary pulmonary artery chondrosarcoma. This is the first case report of a pulmonary artery chondrosarcoma in a dog and presents another differential diagnosis of syncope in the dog.

Animals↗