[Penicillin: just in time].
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History, 20th Century↗
Biomedical subjects
A Hoogendoorn
Publications and source records attributed to A Hoogendoorn.
Effect of supplementary feeding during the sucking period on net absorption from the small intestine of weaned pigs.
An intestinal perfusion technique was used to measure the effects of supplementary feeding (experiment 1) and temporary weaning (experiment 2) during the sucking period on the net absorption of fluid, sodium, chloride and potassium from the small intestine of pigs after weaning. The technique was also applied to control pigs which did not receive supplementary feed and were not temporarily weaned during the sucking period. Paired intestinal segments were prepared at five sites along the small intestine in each of 80 pigs in experiment 1 and 36 pigs in experiment 2. The cranial segment of each pair was infected with enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC). In both experiments, four days after weaning, the net absorption of fluid, sodium and chloride in the uninfected segments was in general significantly less in all the pigs than at weaning or seven, 11 and 14 days after weaning and it was significantly greater in the pigs given supplementary feed than in the other pigs. Net absorption values in the infected segments of the control pigs were less four days after weaning than on the day of weaning. No differences were found between pigs that were temporarily weaned or not and those that were not fed during the sucking period. Supplementary feeding during the sucking period partially prevented the decrease of net absorption usually observed after weaning in uninfected and in ETEC-infected segments of intestine.
Animals↗
Effects of weaning and enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli on net absorption in the small intestine of pigs.
The purpose of this study was to measure the net absorption of fluid, sodium, potassium and chloride in the small intestine of weaned pigs and of their unweaned littermates and to correlate these values with villus height and crypt depth. Five pairs of segments of the small intestine were prepared in each of 80 pigs; the cranial segment of each pair was injected with an enterotoxigenic strain of Escherichia coli and the caudal segment with a control solution. Net absorption was measured on the day of weaning and four, seven, 11 and 14 days after weaning. In unweaned pigs the net absorption of fluid, potassium and chloride did not vary with time. In weaned pigs the net absorption of fluid in the control segments was significantly less on days 4, 7 and 14 after weaning and of sodium and chloride on days 4 and 7 than in unweaned littermates. In infected segments of weaned pigs the net absorption of fluid was significantly less than in unweaned littermates on day 11 and 14, of sodium and potassium on day 11 and of chloride on days 4 and 11 after weaning. Net absorption was negatively correlated with villus height but only in the infected segments of weaned pigs; no other correlations were found. It was concluded that after weaning the net absorption of fluid and electrolytes in the small intestine of pigs is temporarily decreased, a condition that may initiate diarrhoea.
Chlorides↗
Villus height and crypt depth in weaned and unweaned pigs, reared under various circumstances in The Netherlands.
The height of the villi and depth of the crypts in the small intestine were studied after weaning in pigs reared under various circumstances in the Netherlands. Pigs taken from herds with a long history of postweaning diarrhoea had in general significantly shorter villi and deeper crypts than their counterparts from a specific pathogen-free herd. Weaning was associated with villus shortening, crypt deepening and subsequent villus lengthening in pigs from the specific pathogen-free herd. Giving supplementary feed during the sucking period was beneficial in preventing shortening of the villi and this villus shortening was less severe when the crypts were deep at weaning, a condition that perhaps lessens the severity of postweaning diarrhoea.
Animal Feed↗
A long-term perfusion test to measure net absorption in the small intestine of weaned pigs.
To study the effects of bacteria on net absorption of fluid and electrolytes in the small intestine of newly weaned pigs, a more comprehensive and ethical alternative to the ligated loop test was developed. Five paired segments, located at 10, 25, 50, 75 and 95 per cent sites along the small intestine, were cannulated at both ends and solutions perfused continuously through the segments for 10 hours. Net absorption was determined by both a volume method and a method using a non-absorbable marker. Net absorption of fluid, sodium, potassium and chloride was significantly less in segments infected with an enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli than in control segments. This method was superior to the ligated loop test because (i) it was performed entirely under anaesthesia, (ii) the small intestine did not distend during a test, (iii) net absorption was determined per cm2 and along the whole length of the small intestine. Net absorption determined by the nonabsorbable marker was significantly less than that determined by the volume method.
Animals↗
Recruitment of myocardial work and metabolism in regionally stunned porcine myocardium.
We characterized postischemic changes in myocardial metabolism and regional external work, as measured by the integral of left ventricular pressure-segment-length loops. In 12 anesthetized swine, the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) was occluded for 10 min and reperfused for 30 min for two successive cycles. Before ischemia, regional work was 16,920 +/- 5,630 mmHg-mm/min and after stunning, work was reduced to 50 +/- 14% (P < 0.05). At baseline, oxygen and lactate consumption were 4.80 +/- 1.40 and 1.02 +/- 0.46 mumol.min-1 x g-1, respectively, and after stunning they were reduced to 3.24 +/- 0.80 (P < 0.05) and 0.16 +/- 0.21 mumol.min-1 x g-1 (P < 0.05), respectively. The atria were then paced 50 beats/min higher than the reperfusion heart rate, during and without an infusion of dobutamine (2 micrograms.kg-1 x min-1). During dobutamine, both regional external work and oxygen consumption returned to 98% of preischemic values, but lactate utilization remained depressed. We conclude that regional external work and oxygen consumption remain coupled during inotropic stimulation after stunning, with a preferential shift toward nonlactate substrates.
Animals↗
[Work disability in migrants: is the physician helpful?].
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Adult↗
Enteropooling in piglets induced by soya-peptone mediated via an increased biosynthesis of prostanoids.
The enteropooling activity of soya-peptone was studied in germfree piglets. The enteropooling activity was restricted to the proximal part of the jejunum and was found to be blocked by aspirin. The hypothesis that soya-peptone acts via an increased biosynthesis/release of prostanoids was further studied using guinea-pig lung parenchyma. In this tissue soya-peptone induces the release of TXB2, which was inhibited by indomethacin (3 microM). The involvement of cholinergic, histaminergic and serotonergic pathways in the soya-peptone-mediated response was excluded, using antagonists. The conclusion was reached that soya-peptone can stimulate/modulate the biosynthesis of cyclic eicosanoids and that it exerts its enteropooling activity via the same mechanism in the jejunum of piglets.
Animal Feed↗