Biomedical subjects

A Horie

Publications and source records attributed to A Horie.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources

PubMed1991

Medusa head-like granules in squamous cell carcinoma with differentiation toward a hair follicle structure.

A case of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) with regional lymph node metastasis in a 69-year-old Japanese man is reported. The tumor was characterized by the proliferation of peripheral basaloid, inner squamoid, and glycogen-rich cells, the presence of trichilemmal keratinization, and the presence of ladder-like, membrane-coating granules. These findings suggested that this tumor differentiates toward a hair-follicle structure. The most interesting feature of this tumor was the presence of medusa head-like granules in the cytoplasm of the clear squamoid cells adjacent to the keratinized cells. We have been unable to find any other studies of these granules in squamous cell carcinoma.

Aged↗

PubMed1991

Acute encephalopathy with hepatic steatosis induced by pantothenic acid antagonist, calcium hopantenate, in dogs.

In Japan, acute encephalopathy with hepatic steatosis resembling Reye's syndrome has been reported to occur after treatment with the pantothenic acid antagonist, calcium hopantenate. We studied the causal relationship and the pathogenesis in dogs. The agent was administered to seven dogs at increasing doses over a period of 8 weeks. Anorexia, vomiting, and diarrhea were common clinical findings. In four dogs, coma suddenly developed after the appearance of gastrointestinal signs. Three animals died during periods when they were not under direct observation. The effects of the agent appear to be related to dose. Laboratory findings representing significant changes at the time of coma included hypoglycemia, leukocytosis, hyperammonemia, hyperlactatemia, and elevated levels of serum transaminases. Microvesicular hepatic steatosis and mitochondrial abnormalities were consistent pathological findings. The hepatic mitochondria were enlarged and characterized by an increased number of cristae and the presence of crystalloid inclusions. In a second group of four dogs, pantothenic acid was given in addition to and in the same amount as calcium hopantenate at increasing doses over a period of 8 weeks. All four dogs survived the 8 weeks and only one developed mild anorexia. No significant biochemical changes were found and neither hepatic steatosis nor mitochondrial abnormalities were observed. The addition of pantothenic acid prevented the development of the disorder in the four animals. These results show that calcium hopantenate produces acute encephalopathy with hepatic steatosis in dogs, by inducing a deficiency of pantothenic acid. The hepatic mitochondrial changes of this reaction differ from those of Reye's syndrome.

Acute Disease↗

PubMed1991

Medullary arteries in aging and dementia.

We examined sclerotic changes of the medullary arteries in 110 nonneuropsychiatric patients ranging in age from the second to the ninth decades, in 20 patients with subcortical arteriosclerotic encephalopathy (Binswanger's disease), and in 20 patients with dementia of the Alzheimer type. The principal sclerotic change was fibrohyaline thickening of the wall, which began to appear during the late fourth decade, increased in incidence gradually with age, and was most severe in patients with subcortical arteriosclerotic encephalopathy. Morphometry showed that the sclerotic changes of the medullary arteries were most prominent in the frontal lobe, followed by the parietal, occipital, and temporal lobes, in both the nonneuropsychiatric and demented groups. The sclerotic rate in the frontal lobe of patients with dementia of the Alzheimer type was slightly higher than that in the nonneuropsychiatric patients (p less than 0.05) but far less than that in the patients with subcortical arteriosclerotic encephalopathy (p less than 0.001). The sclerotic rate correlated well with the degree of ischemic white matter changes as well as with blood pressure.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1991

An autopsy study of the incidence of lacunes in relation to age, hypertension, and arteriosclerosis.

We investigated selected features of lacunes in 1,086 necropsy cases. Lacunes were found in brains from patients above the age of 40 years and were most common in brains from persons in their sixties but decreased in number in brains from older persons. The most common site of lacunes was the frontal lobe white matter, followed by the putamen, pons, parietal lobe white matter, thalamus, and caudate nucleus in descending order of frequency. By dividing the 1,086 cases into three groups according to blood pressure, we found more lacunes in the hypertensive and borderline hypertensive groups than in the normotensive group; the average number of lacunes per brain in each group was 3.61, 2.77, and 1.15, respectively. Diastolic hypertension was more closely related to the number of lacunes than was systolic hypertension. The extent of arteriolosclerosis of the medullary arteries in the frontal lobe white matter was measured and compared with the number of lacunes. There was a close correlation between lacunes and arterioloslerosis in all age groups.

Adult↗

PubMed1991

Melanocytic schwannoma in the spinal canal.

A case of melanocytic schwannoma, a rare form of schwannian neoplasm, in the thoracolumbar spinal canal of a 52-year-old man is presented. Histopathologically, the tumor was composed of irregularly interlacing spindle-shaped cells showing cystic degeneration, with occasional pigmented tumor cells. The tumor cells showed a low degree of nuclear pleomorphism without any mitotic figures. These histological features were considered to be consistent with a benign schwannian tumor showing pigmentation. Most of the pigments were considered to be melanin histochemically and immunohistochemically. According to the pathological features of the present tumor and those described previously in the literature, the neoplastic Schwann cells were assumed to have melanogenetic capacity, and the concept of the common neural crest origin of Schwann cells and melanocytes appeared to be demonstrated in the present tumor.

Humans↗

PubMed1991

A scanning electron microscopic study of postnatal development of rat peribiliary plexus.

Hepatic microcirculation in the developing stages is not fully clarified. This study aimed at clarifying the development of hepatic microcirculation, especially peribiliary vascular plexuses, in neonatal rats by corrosion cast procedures and scanning electron microscopy. Peribiliary vascular plexuses of large bile ducts at the hilus of 1-day-old rats showed a simple capillary network that directly poured into the portal vein. The hepatic artery promptly tapered down into many small branches and ended in sinusoids or capillary plexuses around portal vein branches near the hilus. Neither apparent hepatic artery branches nor peribiliary vascular plexuses were found in the peripheral areas of the liver. On the seventh day, very loose peribiliary vascular plexuses and small hepatic artery branches appeared up to the peripheral portal tracts, and the peribiliary vascular plexuses of large bile ducts were still capillary networks. After the seventh day, peribiliary vascular plexuses of large and medium-sized portal tracts often poured into side branches of the portal vein rather than directly into the portal vein as shown in the rats from the first day mentioned above. Peribiliary vascular plexuses of the large bile duct in 2-week-old rats showed a double layer, that is, an outer layer composed of arteries and veins and an inner layer of capillary vessels, that resembled peribiliary vascular plexuses of adult livers. After nearly 4 wk, hepatic microcirculations had almost fully developed into those of adult rats. It was concluded that the gradual postnatal development of the hepatic arterial system and the peribiliary vascular plexuses occurred in parallel with the maturation of the intrahepatic biliary trees.

Aging↗

PubMed1991

Morphological changes of hepatic microcirculation in experimental rat cirrhosis: a scanning electron microscopic study.

Morphological changes of hepatic microcirculation, especially peribiliary plexus, in experimental rat cirrhosis that resulted from the repeated intraperitoneal injections of N-diethylnitrosamine, 100 mg/kg body weight/one shot/week, were examined by scanning electron microscope. Control rats were treated with saline. Whole blood vessels of the rats were perfused by saline and stuffed with methylmethacrylated resin. Multiple nodular changes were seen in the livers after the five injections (5 wk) of N-diethylnitrosamine, and diffuse nodular transformations mimicking human cirrhosis after six injections (6 wk) were also seen. Overall changes in experimental rats were numerous vascular channels mainly composed of venous branches around the parenchymal nodules, increased arterioportal anastomoses and flattening of veins, especially hepatic vein branches. Peribiliary plexuses of the experimental rats were much richer in the vessels than those of the controls, and many dilated veins, ramified from portal vein branches, were present in the former. Direct connections between peribiliary plexuses and sinusoids or between peribiliary plexuses and portal veins increased in the experimental rats. Studies concerning microcirculatory changes of peribiliary plexuses in experimental rat cirrhosis are rare. It was concluded that the abnormal peribiliary plexuses in this experimental series might participate in a collateral circulation under a state of portal hypertension.

Animals↗

PubMed1990

Unusual proliferation of the pancreatic endocrine cells in adults, suggestive of islet cell metaplasia.

We present two adult autopsy cases with malignancy, in which unusual proliferation of the pancreatic endocrine cells was observed. Histopathological examination revealed extensive proliferation of the pancreatic endocrine cells throughout the pancreata in both cases. The islets of the pancreas were enlarged with irregular contours. An admixture of the islet cells, acinar cells and ductular epithelial cells was also observed. Immunohistochemically, these islets were composed of the endocrine cells of various types, i.e. A-, B-, D- and PP-cells, and they showed a predominance of PP-cells. Clinically, endocrine hyperfunction of the pancreas was not detected in either cases. Although this histological change may be described as endocrine cell hyperplasia or dysplasia, the close connection of the islet cells, acinar cells and ductular epithelial cells might rather suggest metaplastic change of the acinar or ductular cells into the islet cells under unknown stimuli.

Carcinoma, Squamous Cell↗

PubMed1990

Survival of breast-cancer patients and body size indicators.

The association of breast-cancer survival with various risk factors was investigated using data of 213 breast-cancer patients who underwent surgical operation between 1975 and 1978. They were followed-up until 1987, and a total of 64 deaths including 47 breast-cancer deaths were certified. The 5-year and 10-year relative survival rates were 78.5% and 75.3% respectively. Of the various factors investigated, some anthropometric indicators revealed interesting results; i.e., body weight, Quetelet index, and body surface area at the time of operation turned out to be strong predictors of survival with a statistically significant trend towards lower survival with larger body structure even after adjustment for confounding factors (e.g., clinical stage) using a proportional-hazard model. The estimated survival probability for women with Quetelet index of 20 was about 12% higher than that with Quetelet index of 24 over a 10-year or more follow-up period. Other variables exhibiting prognostic importance were clinical stage, TNM classification, and some histological findings, while height and reproductive life indicators were, as a rule, not significantly related to survival.

Body Height↗

PubMed1990

Three-dimensional observation of the rat endocrine pancreas by a scanning electron microscope.

A three-dimensional observation was performed on chemically digested rat pancreata and vascular corrosion casts of it with a scanning electron microscope. The Langerhans islets were sporadically situated in the exocrine tissue and were surrounded by the fibrous capsule, which was so tough that it could not be chemically digested easily. This capsule was considered to play different roles in the collection of the endocrine cells in a functional unit, in the prevention of secreted hormones spreading into the adjacent exocrine and stromal tissue, in the support of the microvascular structure, and in the protection for the islet cells from the pancreatic enzymes, which are leaking into the stromal spaces physiologically. The microvascular structure of the islet, disclosed by the corrosion vascular casts, showed afferent vessels branching into the capillaries at the periphery of the islet and entering the core of it by a twisted course. These findings were considered to be related to the islet cell distribution, that is, A and D cells are at the periphery of the islet and B cells at the center of it. This might support the existence of a hormonal regulating mechanism among endocrine cells. In addition, the efferent vessels from the islet that communicate to the vascular network of the exocrine tissue might suggest that the endocrine system also regulates the exocrine function in a circulatory dynamic state.

Animals↗

PubMed1990

Fibrolamellar carcinoma of the liver in a middle-aged Korean man.

A 42-year-old Korean man with a fibrolamellar carcinoma of the liver is described. His initial symptom was an epigastric mass without pain, which resulted in a left lobectomy of the liver. A whitish and hard tumor, 10 cm in maximum diameter, without any cirrhotic features was noted in the resected liver. Histologically, the tumor was composed of lamellarly distributed fibrous stroma and polyhedral large cancer cells, which showed eosinophilic granular cytoplasm and rounded nuclei. Prominent nucleoli, scattered pale bodies and numerous copper-binding protein deposits were seen in the cancer cells. Orcein-stain failed to show HBsAg-laden cells in both the cancerous and non-cancerous tissues, and alpha-fetoprotein was not seen in the cancer cells by an immuno-peroxidase staining. Fibrolamellar carcinoma has been found almost exclusively in Caucasians and is very rare in Orientals. We describe this rare case with a review of the literature.

Adult↗

PubMed1990

Sarcoid reaction observed in a worker with a history of asbestos exposure.

Bilateral hilar and mediastinal lymphadenopathy was observed in a 32-year-old man who had been engaged in asbestos spraying for 16 years. Lymph nodes obtained from Daniel's biopsy revealed tissue reaction compatible with sarcoidosis. On the other hand, a large number of asbestos particles were detected in the lung tissue from transbronchial lung biopsy and in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, but no epithelioid granuloma was observed in the lung tissue. Various immunoserological findings such as PPD skin test, serum angiotensin converting enzyme activity, serum beta-glucuronidase and lysozyme level, serum antinuclear antibody, lymphocyte subset of blood and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid were inconsistent with sarcoidosis. However, lymph node enlargement and immunological abnormalities in this patient may be related to asbestos exposure and may not have occurred merely by chance.

Adult↗

PubMed1990

Scanning electron microscopic examinations of microvascular casts of the rat liver and bile duct.

Microvascular features of normal rat livers and bile duct system were examined with the vascular casts using methacrylated resin. Portal vein branches not only showed regular tapered down bifurcations but also had many side branches, some of which were directly connected with sinusoids. Terminations of hepatic arterial branches were divided into three types: 1) Many branches pouring into peribiliary capillary plexus (PBP), 2) branches directly pouring into periportal sinusoids and/or peripheral portal vein branches via arterio-portal anastomoses, and 3) anastomoses with periportal vascular plexus. PBP was composed of rich vascular networks. In large portal tracts, the plexus showed two layers, that is, the inner layer made up of a close network of capillary vessels and the outer layer consisting of a loose network of arteries and veins, while the PBP in the small portal tracts was composed of only a single layer of loose capillary network. Transitional features of these two patterns were found in the medium-sized portal tracts. PBP was supplied by afferent vessels from the interlobular hepatic artery as described above, and were directly connected with interlobular branches of the portal vein (internal root). The extrahepatic bile duct revealed a much richer vasculature than the intrahepatic bile duct. Both arterial and venous branches were ramified at almost right angle from a pair of arteries and veins running parallel with the bile duct. Occasional strictures, which might have been sphincter portions of the media, were noted at the branching sites of the artery.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗

PubMed1990

Study of asbestos bodies in Japanese urban patients.

To study whether low-level exposure to asbestos contributes to lung cancer risk, the asbestos body (AB) content in lung tissue was measured in 476 patients with lung cancer and 369 patients with other diseases, all from a Japanese industrialized city. Eleven patients with histologically confirmed asbestosis were included. The findings were stratified into four groups. A significant number of patients with lung cancer were seen in the groups with high counts, as compared to controls. There was no significant difference in histologic type and site of lung cancer among four groups. The patients with lung cancer in high count groups were significantly younger than those with lower counts. A significant number of smokers were seen in the groups with high AB counts among patients with lung cancer as compared to controls, even if the patients with asbestosis were excluded. These findings suggest that there may be a positive interaction of smoking and exposure to asbestos relative to the incidence of lung cancer even at a low exposure level.

Adenocarcinoma↗

PubMed1990

An autopsy case of peritoneal malignant mesothelioma in a radiation technologist.

A case of peritoneal malignant mesothelioma in a radiation technologist, who had worked in this field for 34 years, is reported. Histopathologically, a biopsy specimen from the retroperitoneal tumor revealed a biphasic type of malignant mesothelioma. Electron microscopy disclosed that the tumor cells contained prominent microvilli, basal laminae adjacent to the stroma, junctional complexes, desmosomes, tonofilaments, clusters of glycogen granules, well developed rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER), confronting cisternae showing direct continuity with the RER and membrane-bound granules suggestive of secretory activity. No increased amount of asbestos was detected in autopsied lung material or the peritoneal mesothelioma. The estimated cumulative dose of occupational irradiation was calculated to be about 40 to 50 rad at most. Irradiation was discussed in relation to the etiology of the peritoneal mesothelioma.

Autopsy↗

PubMed1990

Formation of nerve twig-like nests and schwannoma in an unusual case of neurofibroma.

A case of unusual neurofibroma in an 18-year-old Japanese male is reported. The histology of the tumor was characterized by nerve twig-like nests intermingled with fascicular bundles. In the central portion, the tumor also contained a lobular lesion showing features characteristic of schwannoma. Immunohistochemically, the tumor cells in both the nests and the lobular lesion demonstrated a mostly positive reaction for S-100 protein. S-100 protein-positive and -negative cells were observed in equal numbers in the fascicular bundles surrounding the nests. This unusual nerve sheath tumor in which the S-100 protein-positive cells form both nerve twig-like nests and lobular schwannoma has not been reported previously. The origin of the S-100 protein-positive cells in the two lesions is also discussed.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1990

Juvenile granulosa cell tumor in a three-year-old infant. An immunohistochemical and ultrastructural study.

A three-year-old female infant with a juvenile granulosa cell tumor of the ovary and precocious pseudopuberty is presented. Laboratory tests revealed elevated levels of serum and urinary estrogen. Histological examinations showed an immature follicular pattern surrounded by theca-like stromal tissue. The immunohistochemical localization of estradiol, estriol, progesterone and testosterone was studied by indirect immunoperoxidase staining of cryostat sections. All of these steroid hormones were localized mainly in stromal cells and in some follicular cells. Electron microscopic examination revealed three types of tumor cell, i.e. polygonal cells, spindle cells and transitional cells. Well developed smooth endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria with tubulovesicular cristae, and lipid droplets in the cytoplasm, which are typical features of steroid synthesis, were conspicuous mainly in the last type of cell. Such transitional cells almost corresponded to steroid-positive cells. These cells were considered to have a close relationship to theca gland cells of developed ovarian follicles and to have mainly participated in steroid synthesis in the present tumor. In addition, some spindle cells showed features of myofibroblasts, such as intracytoplasmic filaments, dense body-like structures, and pinocytotic vesicles. These features suggest that the cells might all be derived from the same progenitor of ovarian mesenchyme.

Child, Preschool↗

PubMed1990

[A comparative study of HBV-associated liver diseases between Korea and western part of Japan].

Overall positive rate of HBsAg in both serum and liver tissue was the highest in Pusan, followed by Kitakyushu and Osaka. HBsAg positive rate among patients with liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) was higher in Pusan than in Kitakyushu. Primary liver cancers, most of which were HCCs, were more frequently (3.4%) found in all inpatients of Kosin University, Pusan, than in those of UOEH (Kitakyushu), 1.9%. HCCs in Pusan were younger, less associated with cirrhosis and rather poorly differentiated than those in Kitakyushu and Osaka, Japan, and they might be related to a higher rate of HBsAg carriers in the former.

Carcinoma, Hepatocellular↗