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Biomedical subjects

A I Airede

Publications and source records attributed to A I Airede.

11 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Urinary-tract infections in African neonates.

During a 4-year period between January 1987 and December 1990, 41 high-risk neonates with proven urinary tract infections (UTIs) were studied prospectively and compared with 55 control neonates. An incidence of 2.6 UTIs per 1000 live births was noted, amongst whom no obvious radiological abnormalities of the urinary tract were found. Significantly, more males than females developed UTIs, the ratio being 4.5:I. Low-birth-weight babies were significantly more often affected than those of normal weight (P less than 0.05). Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella spp. were the predominant pathogens isolated. Aetiologically, bacteraemia from sepsis was important. Most of the infants presented with a significantly higher incidence of pyrexia, abdominal distension, lethargy and jaundice (P less than 0.01). The overall mortality rate of 17.1% was closely related to these associated problems. The relatively high incidence of UTI and the rarity of radiological abnormalities of the urinary tract in the African neonate contrast with previous reports in the literature and the reason is worthy of consideration. Despite the rarity of urinary-tract anomalies, a continuous surveillance of the trend of neonatal UTI and its outcome is recommended.

Bacterial Infections↗
PubMed1992

Relation of peak total serum bilirubin concentrations to neurodevelopmental outcome at 2 years of age in premature African neonates.

As part of a wider survey of the neurodevelopmental outcome of neonates who received intensive care for various morbidities in the Middle-Belt region of Nigeria, the relationship between peak total serum bilirubin (PTSB) concentrations in the neonatal period and neurodevelopmental status at 2 years of age was evaluated in 159 children available for follow-up and assessment. The prevalence of handicaps (minor and major) increased consistently with increase in the PTSB concentration, commencing in the range of 151-200 mumol/l. Major handicaps evolved in association with PTSB concentrations above 201 mumol/l. The handicaps consisted mainly of cerebral palsy and mental retardation. Children with handicaps (minor and major) experienced greater PTSB concentrations than those with a normal neurodevelopmental outcome. The emergence of major handicaps from a mean (SD) moderate peak hyperbilirubinaemia of 241.1 (35.9) mumol/l in the African neonate is worthy of note and cause for concern.

Bilirubin↗
PubMed1992

Prolonged rupture of membranes and neonatal outcome in a developing country.

The neonatal outcomes in 109 pregnancies complicated by prolonged rupture of the fetal membranes were studied over a 3-year period. The overall neonatal mortality was 29 (26.6%). Nineteen of these deaths were from infections, of which 12 were pneumonia. There was also a high morbidity rate of 68.8%. Neonatal sepsis, cardiorespiratory depression at birth and prematurity were the most significant complications. Forty-eight (44%) of the infants in the study group had an infection, in contrast with three (2.9%) in the control group (p < 0.0001). No protective effect or benefit from prolonged rupture of fetal membranes in relation to the development of respiratory distress syndrome was demonstrated.

Developing Countries↗
PubMed1992

Pathogens in neonatalomphalitis.

During a 3-year study period, 33 neonates with omphalitis (with proven cultures) were encountered; aerobic and anaerobic cultures were obtained. An incidence of 2/1000 live births was recorded, with a high prevalence rate of 15.6/1000 admissions noted. Aerobes were isolated from 23 (70 per cent) specimens, whilst anaerobes were recovered alone in five (15 per cent) cases. There were 40 (1.2 per specimen) and 31 (0.9 per specimen) aerobic and anaerobic isolates, respectively. There was a significant detection of anaerobic pathogens such as the B. fragilis group (14), Gram-positive cocci (4) and Clostridium perfringens (3). Beta lactamase production was seen in 25 isolates, recovered from 25 newborns.

Bacterial Infections↗
PubMed1992

Neonatal septicaemia in an African city of high altitude.

Ninety-nine cases of neonatal septicaemia prospectively seen over a 3-year period in a large cosmopolitan African city of high altitude is presented. An incidence of 6.5 per 1000 live births was noted. Though the most important pathogens were Klebsiella spp. and Staphylococcus aureus, Citrobacter difficile and Alkalegenes faecalis were the pathogens associated with a high mortality rate. Low birth weight infants were significantly more affected. The overall mortality rate was 27.3 per cent. The commonest predisposing perinatal factors were birth asphyxia and prolonged rupture of fetal membranes. On the basis of the trend of organisms isolated and their sensitivity pattern, it is suggested that the initial use of gentamicin alone is satisfactory.

Africa↗
PubMed1992

Neonatal tetanus: incidence and improved outcome with diazepam.

During a four-year prospective study at a referral hospital, 61 patients with neonatal tetanus were encountered and the contribution of continuous intravenous diazepam was noted. The over-all incidence during the study was 21.8/1000, with a mortality rate of 8.2 per cent. Signs associated with fatal outcome were hypothermia, generalized rigidity and opisthotonus. The mean dose of diazepam used was 25.8 mg/kg/day, in combination with sodium phenobarbitone (mean dose 10.7 mg/kg/day). The results suggest that high-dose intravenous (continuous) diazepam is effective, economical and feasible for reducing mortality in neonatal tetanus. Side-effects were minimal.

Developing Countries↗
PubMed1992

Febrile convulsions: factors and recurrence rate.

One hundred and forty-seven children admitted consecutively with their first febrile convulsion were studied to assess the influence of certain factors on the recurrence rate of seizures. The younger the age at first occurrence the more likely the recurrence rate. Those with moderate degree of pyrexia (39-39.9 degrees C) were found to be ten times more likely to have subsequent recurring convulsions compared to those with high degree of pyrexia (40 degrees C and above) or those with mild degree of pyrexia (38-38.9 degrees C). Furthermore, the recurrence rate was five times higher in first-born compared to siblings second-borne or more. The overall recurrence rate was 29.3% with the frequency varying between 1 to 2 times. A male preponderance was observed. These factors might be of prognostic value in terms of risk for recurrence.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1991

Congenital malaria with chloroquine resistance.

A preterm infant with possible congenital clinical malaria is described. The infant developed persistent pyrexia, hyperbilirubinaemia, anaemia, increasing gastric residuals and hepatosplenomegaly from the 7th day of life. Thick and thin smears of the infant's blood were heavily loaded with various asexual stages of Plasmodium falciparum. The parasite exhibited R1 resistance. There was no satisfactory response to chloroquine, but response to intravenous quinine therapy was achieved on day 15. The initial 6-month follow-up period was uneventful. The mother had apparently had chloroquine-resistant malaria which responded to sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (Fansidar).

Chloroquine↗
PubMed1991

Birth asphyxia and hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy: incidence and severity.

Clinically significant birth asphyxia was assessed over a 3-year period in a tertiary referral hospital in Nigeria. The overall incidence was 26.5/1000 live births of whom 12.1/1000 showed severely abnormal features comprising persistent seizures and coma. There was no appreciable difference in incidence for the consecutive years of the study. There was a marked involvement of infants who had suffered intrauterine growth retardation: 51 (30.7%) of these were asphyxiated, whereas only 3% were large for gestational age. The Apgar scoring system seemed not to have compared well with the clinical presentation of hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy from birth asphyxia. Much needs to be done to improve health care delivery and reduce the incidence of birth asphyxia.

Apgar Score↗
PubMed1991

Rickets of prematurity: a case report.

A case report is given, and an attempt made to summarize our knowledge about this disorder. An extremely premature infant (birth weight 750 grammes) developed progressive rickets resulting in fractures despite phosphate, calcium and calciferol (vitamin D) supplementation. The patient had mild respiratory distress syndrome but later developed broncopulmonary dysplasia. Initial biochemical evidence of rickets occurred by the 6th week of post-natal life (or 31 weeks post-conceptional age). Although the serum levels of vitamin D or 1-alphahydroxy vitamin D were not determined, it is assumed that the levels of the active metabolite was probably low since clinical, biochemical and radiologic cure of the rickets occurred following its usage.

Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia↗