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Biomedical subjects

A I Jacknowitz

Publications and source records attributed to A I Jacknowitz.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2001

A study of factors controlling dissolution kinetics of zinc complexed protein suspensions in various ionic species.

The presence of bound and unbound zinc in the crystal matrix of protein suspensions helps physically stabilize the crystal and limits the dissolution of the drug. In case of zinc insulin suspensions, dissolution can be promoted by complexation of zinc with an ionic species for which the zinc has a greater affinity, these complexing ions having either formulation and/or physiological relevance. The purpose of this work was to use ligand-complexed formulations of insulin suspensions to gain an understanding of these products' dissolution performance and to establish a fundamental understanding of the rate-limiting steps in zinc insulin dissolution. Our group has suggested that the critical factors to zinc insulin dissolution are: (1) chemical complexation (zinc with ionic species); and (2) drug transport (insulin diffusion and solubility). Dissolution studies conducted using different ionic species (acetate, phosphate, citrate and EDTA) in a spin-filter device demonstrated a rank order correlation for different sources of zinc insulin; it was observed that human zinc insulin dissolved faster than bovine insulin, these differences attributed to their binding properties and the respective affinities to the various ionic species used. Also, as the amount of crystallinity increased in a formulation, a rank order increase in dissolution times was observed. The project also identified a sensitive and reproducible dissolution testing methodology. Overall, this study demonstrated that: (1) the complexation rate-limiting step was more significant in the dissolution of zinc insulin than the diffusion rate-limiting step; and (2) that dissolution kinetics depended primarily on the source and solid state differences and the binding affinities of the zinc insulin.

Acetates↗
PubMed1996

Attitudes of community pharmacists, university-based pharmacists, and students toward on-line information resources.

The study sought to explore the attitudes of community pharmacists, university-based pharmacists, and pharmacy students before and after exposure to computerized systems of on-line information services. A 42-item attitudinal survey was administered to 21 community pharmacists, 7 university clinical pharmacist faculty, and 17 senior pharmacy students, prior to and at the end of a year of access to Grateful Med and BRS Colleague. Few significant differences were noted among the participants at baseline. No significant interaction-effect differences for type of participant or system used were found. Participants were generally positive about computers in general, the accuracy of on-line information services, their impact on knowledge and confidence, and their usefulness for pharmacists.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Use of two online services as drug information sources for health professionals.

The utility of the online computer services BRS Colleague and Dialog Medical Connection, when used primarily as drug information sources by physicians, nurses, and pharmacists and attitudes toward their use, are described. Study sites included office-based medical practices, a university clinic family medicine group, and a university clinical pharmacy department. Participants had access to either of the computer services during two 9 1/2-month periods. All searches were automatically recorded and analyzed. A total of 1,112 search sessions were conducted (78% by pharmacists, 16% by nurses, 6% by physicians) by 38 of 65 participants. Information which completely answered questions was found for slightly less than one-third of searches. Errors occurred in about 81% of searches which retrieved incomplete information. Lack of time was a major factor which limited use of the services, and infrequent users felt that the services did not fit in well with their daily work routine.

Attitude to Computers↗
PubMed1990

Analysis of physicians', pharmacists', and nurses' attitudes toward the use of computers to access drug information.

The appropriate utilization of computerized drug information systems is widely recognized as an area of concern by health care professionals. For this reason, attitudes of health care professionals in office-based practices toward computer-based drug information were examined. Sixty individuals in five different practice settings completed an attitude instrument. Of the 36 items categorized into five attitudinal categories, the answers to six items (in three distinct categories) were found to be statistically different among physicians, nurses, and pharmacists. These differences indicate that physicians and nurses are less knowledgeable about the benefits that can be obtained through the use of computerized information resources and, consequently, are more skeptical concerning the role of computer information systems in reducing the costs and improving the quality of health care. Of interest as well was the finding that pharmacists felt more strongly than physicians and nurses that computer information systems would readily fit into their daily work routine.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed1984

Agranulocytosis and hepatitis as a result of Mexican drug therapy.

A 26-year-old woman with debilitating juvenile rheumatoid arthritis was treated at a Mexican arthritis clinic with two unknown medications. She subsequently developed agranulocytosis and cholestatic hepatitis as an adverse reaction to these drugs, later identified as oxyphenbutazone and diazepam. The etiology of these drug-induced problems is reviewed, and the dangers of this unorthodox form of medical therapy are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Oral immunization against influenza.

An anti influenza vaccine was administered by oral route, as capsules, to 24 volunteers. The presence of IgAs in nasal secretions led us to the fact that some lymphocytes of the small intestine were the precursors of circulating IgAs, and, while proliferating, they settled on mucous sites at a distance.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1980

Brompton's mixture in alleviating pain of terminal neoplastic disease: preliminary results.

We conducted a one-year preliminary study on 107 patients in a hospice for incurable cancer to assess the efficacy of a modified Brompton's Mixture (an oral analgesic solution) in alleviating intractable pain. The results presented indicate that in patients who can tolerate oral medication, the present formulation can be used in lieu of parenteral narcotics, often with superior results and always with cost effectiveness. With Brompton's Misture, side effects of parenteral narcotics such as sedation, lethargy, and nausea are avoided. As documented by four representative case reports, the patient is pain-free, ambulatory, communicating with his environment, and experiencing an improved nutritional status, thereby improving the quality of life. Brompton's Mixture appears to be a valuable adjunct to conventional therapy, giving the patient an effective alternative to parenteral medication for control of pain.

Aged↗
PubMed1980

Ulcerative colitis and its treatment.

Ulcerative colitis and its epidemiology, etiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis, clinical findings, complications, treatment, and prognosis are reviewed. Ulcerative colitis, an inflammatory disease of unknown origin that varies in severity and clinical course, occurs most often in patients 30 to 70 years old. It appears to have a genetic component and to involve the immunological system. The cardinal symptom is usually bloody diarrhea, and the disease may be classified by either the severity of an attack, the clinical course, or by anatomic localization of inflammation. Initial treatment of ulcerative colitis generally includes corticosteroids administered either rectally, orally, or parenterally. Oral sulfasalazine has been found useful in treating this condition and is often used for prolonged therapy to prevent relapses. Azathioprine, cromolyn sodium, antidiarrheal/anticholinergic agents, and nutritional supplements are used at times. Surgery is indicated under certain conditions and usually involves panproctocolectomy with permanent ileostomy. The prognosis of ulcerative colitis depends upon the age of the patient, the extent of colonic involvement, and the severity of the attach.

Adrenal Cortex Hormones↗
PubMed1979

Beneficial effects of methionine and histidine in aspirin solutions on gastric mucosal damage in rats.

Amino acids methionine and histidine, which are soluble in propylene glycol, were investigated for their purported beneficial effects on aspirin-induced gastric mucosal damage in the rat. The pathognomonic changes observed microscopically in the fundic region of the stomach of animals administered daily doses (100 mg/kg), for up to 15 days, of aspirin solutions (0.36 M) in propylene glycol incorporated with the amino acids were compared with those of animals given equivalent quantities of aspirin in an aqueous suspension combined with an aluminum hydroxide antacid. A "delayed" onset of aspirin-induced cellular damage due to the presence of amino acids, analogous to that associated with the use of antacids, was found as determined partly by differences in the staining ability of injured cells with hematoxylin and eosin.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Agranulocytosis associated with procainamide therapy--report of a case.

The case of a 69-year-old woman with procainamide-induced agranulocytosis is reported, and literature reports of 14 other such cases are reviewed. The patients was exposed to procainamide, prescribed for atrial fibrillation, for 26 days, with a daily dose of 1.5 to 4 g and a total dose of 57.5 g. She recovered from agranulocytosis after discontinuation of the drug and hospital treatment for 16 days. Among the reported cases of procainamide-induced agranulocytosis, the daily dosage ranged from 750 mg to 4.5 g; the total ingested dose before agranulocytosis was observed ranged from 36.5 to 316.3 g. Patients treated with procainamide should be instructed to report any soreness of the mouth, throat or gums; unexplained fever; or any symptoms of upper respiratory tract infection. If white blood cell counts indicate bone marrow depression, the drug should be withdrawn and appropriate evaluation begun at once.

Aged↗
PubMed1977

Nitrofurantoin polyneuropathy: report of two cases.

Two case reports of patients who developed a toxic neuropathy associated with nitrofurantoin are presented. In each case the patient had normal renal function and the symptoms abated upon withdrawal of the drug. Although the specific mechanism by which nitrofurantoin causes the neuropathy is still not known, various hypotheses are discussed and the literature is reviewed. The danger of nitrofurantoin administration in patients with impaired renal function is emphasized, and it is stress that early signs and symptoms of peripheral neuropathy be reported and the drug immediately discontinued. Even in the presence of normal renal function, the recommended dosage and duration of therapy should not be exceeded.

Administration, Oral↗